简介：IntherecentissueofJournalofSportHealthandScience,thequestionof'Isexercisemedicineorwhat?'wasposed.Wewishtofollowtheeditors’suggestionto'...stimulatefurtherdiscussiononthetopic'1byofferingadditionalpointsofconsiderationtothosediscussedbyNesti2in'Exerciseforhealth:Seriousfunforthewholeperson?'.Wewillspecificallydebate

简介：Exosomes,secretedbymanylivecells,aresmallnon-cellvesicleswithnanoparticle-gradesize.Inadditiontotheoriginalfunctionofdiscardingtheuselessfulmembranemolecules,exosomesareinvolvedinarangeofimmunoregulatoryfunctions.Dendriticcell-derivedexosomesandtumor-derivedexosomesarethebestcharacterizedvesicleswithpotentantitumoreffectbyefficienflyinducingimmuneresponse.Down-regtdationofimmuneresponseorinductionofimmunetoleranceisanotherinterestingfunctionofexosomes，Furtherfunctionalstudiesoftheexosomeswillshedlightontheapplicationofexosomes。

简介：昆虫的天生的免疫系统被划分成包括可溶的受动器分子的生产的体液的防卫和象被血球调停的吞噬作用和封装一样的细胞的防卫。这评论总结细胞的免疫反应的当前的理解。昆虫生产被形态学区分的血球的几种严重地区分的类型，分子并且反遗传因子的标记，和功能。在幼虫或nymph的阶段昆虫传播的区分的血球从二来源产生：在胚胎开始和中层联盟者期间生产的祖先房间导出造血的机关。造血作用和血球区别的规定也包含几条不同发信号小径。吞噬作用和封装要求血球首先作为外国认出一个给定的目标由下游的发信号和受动器回答的激活列在后面。很多体液、细胞的受体被识别了认出不同微生物和多细胞的寄生虫。接着，这些受体的激活刺激调整不同血球功能的很多条发信号的小径。最近的研究也作为为杀死不同外国侵略者要求的很多个体液的受动器分子的重要来源识别血球。

简介：由最近的伦敦穿入深度大小激发了[H。Kim，等，Phys。加快。Lett。114，027003(2015)]并且新奇合成配对情形[O。Erten，R.弗林特，和P.科尔曼，Phys。加快。Lett。114，027002(2015)]做Yb的重费米子超导体CeCoIn5,，我们在显微镜的重费米子格子模型重游超流体反应的问题。从文学，然而，为在重费米子超导体的超流体反应函数的一个明确的表达式是稀罕的。在这份报纸，我们在庆祝Kondo-Heisenberg模型调查超流体密度反应功能。特定，我们从有效fermioniclarge-N导出相应形式主义谁的吝啬地的配对Hamiltonian配对相互作用被假定从有效本地antiferromagnetic交换相互作用发源。有趣地，我们发现身体上正确，如果外部电磁的地直接被联合到重费米子伪粒子而非赤裸的传导电子或本地时刻，温度依赖者超流体密度公式能仅仅被获得。如此的一个唯一的特征为low-temperature/energy热力学和运输行为强调Kondo-screening-renormalized重伪粒子的关键角色。作为重要应用，理论结果与在重费米子超导体CeCoIn5和做Yb的Ce1xYbx有相当好的同意和在后者材料的配对的对称的转变的硬币5作为简单的做效果被解释。另外，为通常遇到的无磁性的杂质的需要的形式主义和非局部的电力学的效果被开发。在向经典115系列解释重费米子超导体由成功启发了，我们期望现在的理论将被使用理解象CeCu2Si2和更通用的多乐队超导体。

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简介：Asimplifiedmultisupportresponsespectrummethodispresented.Thestructuralresponseisasumoftwocomponentsofastructurewithafirstnaturalperiodlessthan2s.Thefirstcomponentisthepseudostaticresponsecausedbytheinconsistentmotionsofthestructuralsupports,andthesecondisthestructuraldynamicresponsetogroundmotionaccelerations.Thismethodisformallyconsistentwiththeclassicalresponsespectrummethod,andtheeffectsofmultisupportexcitationareconsideredforanymodalresponsespectrumormodalsuperposition.Iftheseismicinputsateachsupportarethesame,thesupportdisplacementscausedbythepseudostaticresponsebecomerigidbodydisplacements.Theresponsespectruminthecaseofmultisupportexcitationsthenreducestothatforuniformexcitations.Inotherwords,thismultisupportresponsespectrummethodisamodificationandextensionoftheexistingresponsespectrummethodunderuniformexcitation.Moreover,mostofthecoherencycoefficientsinthisformulationaresimplifiedbyapproximatingthegroundmotionexcitationaswhitenoise.Theresultsindicatethatthissimplificationcanreducethecalculationtimewhilemaintainingaccuracy.Furthermore,theinternalforcesobtainedbythemultisupportresponsespectrummethodarecomparedwiththoseproducedbythetraditionalresponsespectrummethodintwocasestudiesofexistinglong-spanstructures.Becausetheeffectsofinconsistentsupportdisplacementsarenotconsideredinthetraditionalresponsespectrummethod,thevaluesofinternalforcesnearthesupportsareunderestimated.Theseregionsareimportantpotentialfailurepointsanddeservespecialattentionintheseismicdesignofreticulatedstructures.

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简介：细菌的细胞内部的共生在昆虫是很普通的，有在支持生命和生物多样性的进化的重要后果。最近吸引了特别注意的细菌的组是可能在行星上代表最无所不在的endosymbiont的Wolbachiapipientis。W。pipientis是一克否定应尽细胞内部并且似母亲播送了l-proteobacterium，那能与节肢动物和线虫建立共生协会。在节肢动物，Wolbachiapipientis感染在Arachnida被描述了，在Isopoda并且主要在Insecta。他们包括Diptera，翘目，半翅类，Hymenoptera，直翅目和鳞翅目在几乎所有主要昆虫订单被报导了。提高它的传播，W。pipientis能由导致单性生殖，女性化，男性杀死和细胞质的不兼容操作主人复制。几聚合酶链反应调查显示了多达70%所有昆虫种类可以感染W。pipientis。怎么做W。pipientis设法变得在多样的昆虫主人种类确定了？这细胞内部的细菌的共生者种怎么在逃离宿主免疫反应是那么成功的？现在的评论在这块地里介绍最近的进展和进行中的科学努力。这域里的知识的当前的身体被总结，从可得到的genomic信息的展现被介绍，迄今为止未答复的问题在一次尝试被讨论介绍W的唯一的能力的一幅全面图画。pipientis将建立共生并且当躲避主人的免疫系统时，操作复制。

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简介：Thedynamicresponseofastrain-softeningbeamsubjectedtoatransverseimpulsiveonitstipisinvestigated.Asofteningmoment-curvaturerelationisassumedforthebeamandaclosedformsolutionisobtainedforaspecialkindofload,whichshowsthatthereexistsasofteningregioninthebeamandthisre-gionpropagatesalongthebeam.Thisresultindicatesthat,exceptforthepossiblediscretesofteningpointswithrotationdiscontinuitycausedbythedeformationlocalization,theexistenceofthesofteningregionanditstravellingalongthebeamaretheessentialfeaturesofthedynamicresponseofastrain-softeningbeam.Theresultsalsoshowthatthefailureofthebeamshouldtakeplaceunderaspecialloadandthecriticalconditiononwhichthedynamicfailureoccursisgiven.

简介：Responseofadaptivematchedfilter,alsocalledadaptivecorrelator,tomultipathchannelisdiscussedinthispaper.Ithasbeenprovedthatthenewtypeprocessorcanbettermatchwithmultipathchan-nel.Theresultsofexperimentcarriedoutonlakeandinlaboratoryarepresented.Itshowsthattheprocessorhasgooddetectingperformanceintimedomain.

简介：Aninnovativefloatingmooringsystemwithtwoormoreindependentfloatingmooringplatformsinthemiddleandonerigidplatformoneachsideisproposedforimprovingefficiencyandsafetyinshallowwater.Forthisnewsystem,mostofcollisionenergyisabsorbedthroughthedisplacementoffloatingplatforms.Inordertoillustratethevalidityofthesystem,aseriesofmodeltestswereconductedatascaleof1:40.Thecoupledmotioncharacteristicsofthefloatingmooringplatformswerediscussedunderregularandirregularwaves,andtheinfluencesofwavedirectionandothercharacteristicsondynamicresponseofthesystemwereanalyzed.Theresultsshowthatthemooringsystemissafestat0°ofwaveincidentangle,whereasthemostdangerousmooringstateoccursat90°ofwaveincidentangle.Motionresponsesincreasewiththeincreaseofwaveheight,butarenotlinearlyrelatedtochangesinwaveheight.

简介：Theforcedlengtheningofanactivatedskeletalmusclehasbeentermedaneccentriccontraction（EC）.ThisreviewhighlightsthemechanicallyuniquenatureoftheECandfocusesonthespecificdisruptionofproteinswithinthecellknownascytoskeletalproteins.Themajorintermediatefilamentcytoskeletalprotein,desmin,hasbeenthefocusofworkinthisareabecausechangestodesminoccurwithinminutesofECsandbecausedesminhasbeenshowntoplaybothamechanicalandbiologicroleinamuscle＇sresponsetoEC.Itishopedthatthesetypesofstudieswillassistindecreasingtheincidenceofmuscleinjuryinathletesandfacilitatingthedevelopmentofnewtherapiestotreatmuscleinjuries.

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简介：AnewcentrifugebasedmethodfordeterminingtheresponseofcontinuousburiedpipetoPGDispresented.ThephysicalcharacteristicsoftheRPI's100g-tongeotechnicalcentrifugeandthecurrentlifelineexperimentsplit-boxaredescribed:Thesplit-boxcontainsthemodelpipelineandsurroundingsoilandismanufacturedsuchthathalfcanbeoffset,inflight,simulatingPGD.Inaddition,governingsimilituderelationswhichallowonetodeterminethephysicalcharacteristics,(diameter,wallthicknessandmaterialmodulusofelasticity)ofthemodelpipelinearepresented.Finally,recordedstrainsinducedintwoburiedpipeswithprototypediametersof0.63mand0.95m(24and36inch)subjectto0.6and2.0meters(2and6feet)offullscalefaultoffsetsandpresentedandcomparedtocorrespondingFEresults.

简介：全部的联合代替是为有停用关节炎和联合机能障碍的病人的治疗的一个高度成功的外科的过程。随着时间的过去，与活动的高水平和关节的用法，然而植入穿粒子从明白表示的表面被产生。这些穿粒子能在implant(periprostheticosteolysis)附近导致煽动性的反应，和随后的骨头再吞的激活。单核白血球/巨噬细胞系的房间安排这长期的煽动性的回答，它被支持inflammatory(M1)统治巨噬细胞显型而非一反煽动性的支持织物的愈合(M2)巨噬细胞显型。当它被显示出时，那interleukin-4(IL-4)有选择地极化向支持骨头愈合的M2反煽动性的显型的巨噬细胞，而非发炎，很少对这在通过IL-4的极化在哪个是很有效的在发生或调节的时间功课被知道。这个工作的目标是与polymethylmethacrylate(PMMA)的联合响应挑战学习鼠科的巨噬细胞极化和cytokine版本的时间功课粒子，lipopolysaccharide(LPS)和在vitro的IL-4。有IL-4的质问粒子的单核白血球/巨噬细胞的处理导致了支持inflammatorycytokines和可诱导的氮的氧化物synthase(iNOS)的起始的抑制生产和随后的极化进M2反煽动性的显型。当IL-4在PMMA粒子挑战前被交付时，这结果被优化，到M1显型而非到未遂(M0)巨噬细胞。这极化的效果在一堂5天的时间功课上被支撑。进M2显型的M1巨噬细胞的极化可以是策略减轻穿粒子联系periprostheticosteolysis。