简介：Conflictisanimportantcomponentofhumansocietyandanecessaryforsocialdevelopment,owingtothedifferenceofsocialeconomy,historicalculturalbackgroundandregionalenvironment,variousconflictsandcontradictionswillbegeneratedunavoidably.Insolvingtheseconflictsandcontradic

简介：1.CommunityresourcemanagementandbeneficiarygroupInthemanagementofcommunityresources,thevillagersbeartheresponsibilitiesandrolesofmanagingcommunityresources,atthesametime,theygetbenefitsfromthemanagementinvariousways,forinstance,thecollectingofwildnon-woodforestproducts,theacquiringofmanure,theharves

简介：WETLAND,animportanteco-logicalsys-tem,isofinestimablescientific,ecological,socialandeconomicvalue.Bestowedliberallywithnature’sbounty,Chinaboastsvarioustypesofwetland,andduringthepastyearshasbuiltover130wetlandnaturereserves,ofwhichtenpercentareat

简介：1CurrentStatusandForecastonSupplyandDemandforOilinChina1.1ChineseoiltradebalanceChina'sdemandforcrudeoilhasincreasedsharplysincethe1990's.From1991to2000,theconsumptionofChina'scrudeoilincreasedby6%ayear,buttheoutputstilllaggedfarbehindthedomesticneed(SeeTable1).

简介：Co-managementisanewmanagingpatternofthedevelopmentofnaturereserve.Itrelievestheconflictsofresourceutilizationbetweennaturereserveandcommunity,encouragesvillagerstoparticipateintheprotectionofnaturereservebio-diversity,attemptstoimprovetheconditionsofcommunityproductionandliving,andelevatesthelivings

简介：Theprobailityofcranelivinginreedywetlandscanreach100%,atthesametime,theareaofreed,thewaterlevelandadjacentwaterareaaremainfactorswhichcontrolthecrane''''''''shabitatselection.Weallknowthatallthesefactorsarespatiallyheterogeneous.FortheXianghaiwetlandsafetyandtoprotecttheXianghaiwetlandhabitatofcrane,thispaperhasmainlyidentifiedasolutiontotheseproblems.ThewetlandinformationisextractedfromtheTMimages,whichreflectthewholewetlandlandscapeandareveryimportantforbothquantitativeanalysisofremotesensingobservationoftheearthsystemandpositioninganalysisinGISdatabasethatisautomaticallyextractedfromDEM.TheDEMforXianghaicharacteristicsoftopographyiscreated.OnthebasisoftheGRIDSUBMODULE,applyingtheGISspatialoverlayanalysis,therelationshipbetweenthewaterlevelandthereedareabelowthewaterlevelandtheratingdistributionmapsofreedareaabovewaterlevelisestablished,Whenthewaterlevelreachesthealtitudeof165n,thereedarea,981.2haismaximum,i.e.,thewaterlevelof165mistheoptimal.

简介：GaoligongmountainState-classnaturereserveissituatedintheSino-Myanmarborderarea.Ithasrichandpeculiarbiologicalresourcesandanumberofpreciousanimalandplantspecieswhichhasveryimportantprotectivevalueandinternationalsignificance,andwaslistedin1992byWWFasClass

简介：Sillimanite,kyaniteandandalusiteareadvantageousnaturalrefractoryrawmaterialsforaluminosilicaterefactoriestoattainimprovedkeyproperties.Thispaperaredividedintopartstointroducetheirresourceandtechnicalcharacteristicinthefirstpart,andtheirapplicationsinrefractoriesinthesecondaprttobesucceeded.Inthispart,basedonauthors'knowledgeandsources,informationontheirreserve,distribution,compositionandcharacteristicisprovided,tobringittolightthatChinaisrichinthereserveofthem,inparticularandalusite.Thesillimanitegroupmineralsarecharacterizedbytheirphasetransformationtoformprimarymulliteandsecondarymullitewhenaddedinhighaluminasystem,accompaniedbyvolumeexpansion,whichcanbetakenusetoimprovecreepresistancesandthermalshockresistanceoftherelatedrefractories.

简介：ThecommunitycharacteristicsofmangrovesintheFutianNatureReserve,Shenzhen,Chinaaregivenbasedonsurveyingof33quadratsin4transectswhichstretchfromthehighertidalzonetothelowertidalzone.Theresultsshowthatthereare6communitytypesinthisarea:Kandeliacardelassociation,Avicenniamarinaassociation,Aegicerascorniculatumassociation,Kardeliacardel+Aegicerascorniculatumassociation,Aegicerascorniculatum+KandeliacandelassociationandAcanthusilicifoliusassociation.Kandeliacandel,AegicerascorniculatumandAvicenniamarinadominatethetypicalquadrats.Kandeliacandelcanbeseenatalmostallquadrats,Aegicerascorniculatumdistributesmostlytowardtheestuaryandthehighertidalzone,Avicenniamarinadistributesmostlytowardthebayandthelowertidalzone,BruguieragymnorrhizaoccasionallyoccurstowardtheEstuarywithoneorseveralindividuals,Acanthusilicifoliuswascommontowardthehighertidalzone,asanaccompanyingspecies,Derristrifoliatawascommoninmanymaturequadrats.Totally,6speciesofmangroveplantsand3speciesofsemi-mangroveplantsappearinthisresearcharea.Fromthehighertidalzonetothelowertidalzone,theaveragediameterandbasalareaofmangrovetreesincreasegradually.Accordingtotheresults,theAvicenniamarinadominatesinaveragediameterandbasalarea,andtheAegicerascorniculatumtreesareonthecontrary.Fromthetransect1tothetransect4,theimportancevalueofAvicenniamarina,BruguieragymnorrhizaandKandeliacandeldecreases,andAegicerascorniculatumincreases.Inthisarea,theKandeliacandelpopulationandAegicerascorniculatumpopulationaredevelopingpopulationswithmanyseedlingsandsaplings,buttheAvicenniamarinapopulationisinamaturestagewithfewseedlingsandnotsomanytotalindividuals.Accordingtothisresearch,wesupposethatAegicerascorniculatumshouldbedevelopedtowardtheestuaryandtheAvicenniamarinaassociationshouldbeprotected.

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简介：Fourvegetationtypes,namelyconiferousandbroadleavedmixedforest,secondarydeciduousbroadleavedforest,openshrubsandmeadow,withdwarfbamboo(Indocalamuswilsoni)arecomparedontheirfloristiccomposition,lifeform,communitystructure,andsurvivorshipofbamboos.Disturbanceofconifer-loggingtwodecadesagopromotedthespeciesdi-versity,butnegativelyinfluencedthesurvivorshipofdwarfbamboowhichisdominateontheforestfloor.Openshrubsbearmorespeciesdiversityandmoregeophytesinitslife-formspectrumthanitsbackgroundvegetationsubalpinemeadow,how-ever,dwarfbambooisgrowingmuchbetterintheopenshrubsthaninthemeadow.Itseemsdwarfbambooprobablyfavor-itestooccurinthevegetationatgentleslopeswithamediatecanopycover.Itsmassfloweringinthesecondarydeciduousforestsuggeststhatasimultaneousfloweringandfollowingdiebackmaybeirruptintherecentlycomingyearsoverthesubal-pineShennongjiainChina,whichwillbenotonlyalterthefloristiccompositionandcommunitystructureoftheoldbamboostands,butalsoinfluencethesurvivorshipofthisrarespecies.

简介：ObjectiveTodeterminewhethersuccessfulvalvuloplastycausesanincreaseofmitralvalveareareserveinpatientswithmitralstenosis,isoproterenolstressechocardiographywasusedtocomparemitralvalveareaandhemodynamicchangesbetweenpre-andpost-valvuloplastyunderconditionsofincreasedcardiacwork.MethodsThirty-eightpatientswithpurerheumaticmitralstenosiswhohadreceivedsuccessfulpercutaneousballoonvalvuloplastyunderwentisoproterenolstressechocardiographypre-andpost-valvuloplasty.Mitralvalvearea(bydirectplanimetryoftwo-dimensionalechocardiography),meantransmitralpressuregradient(bycontinuous-waveDopplerechocardiography),andcardiacoutput(byM-modeechocardiography)weremeasuredatrestandunderisoproterenolstresstoachieveheartrateofdifferentstages.ResultsMitralvalvearea(0.91±0.28to1.87±0.23cm2,P<0.01),meantransmitralpressuregradient(12.5±6.3to3.9±1.9mmHg,P<0.01)andcardiacoutput(3.93±1.44to4

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