简介：ThelocalCa^2+releasefromtheheterogeneouslydistributedendoplasmicreticulum(ER)calciumstorehasacriticalroleincalciumhomeostasisandcellularfunction.However;singlefluorescentproteinbasedERcalciumprobesexperiencechallengesinquantifyingtheERcalciumstoreindifferinglivecells,andintensity-basedmeasurementsmakeitdifficulttodetectlocalcalciummicrodomainsintheER.Here,wedevelopedageneticallyencodedratiometricERcalciumindicator[GCEPIA1-SNAPer]thatcandetectthereal-timeERcalciumstoreandlocalcalciummicrodomainsinlivecells.GCEPIA1-SNAPerwaslocatedinthelumenoftheERandshowedalinear;reversibleandrapidresponsetochangesintheERcalciumstore.TheGCEPIA1-SNAPerprobeeffectivelymonitoredthedepletionoftheERcalciumstorebyTGorstarvationtreatment,andthrough让suseweidentifiedheterogeneouslydistributedcalciummicrodomainsintheERwhichwerecorrelatedw让hthedistributionofSTIM1clustersuponERcalciumstoredepletion.Lastly,GCEPIA1-SNAPercanbeusedtodetecttheERcalciumstorebyhigh-throughputflowcytometryandconferstheabilitytostudythefunctionofcalciummicrodomainsoftheER.

简介：在Poaceae的钙举起，translocation和累积的机制充分还没被理解。处理这个问题，我们在钙(Ca2+)的silico分析进行了染色体宽的比较级二庄稼种，米饭和蜀黍的transporter基因家庭。基因注解，在上游的行动cis元素的鉴定，种系发生的树构造和基因家庭印射的syntenic用几个生物信息学工具被执行。31Ca2+transporters的一个总数，从12个染色体在9上散布了，从米饭染色体被预言，当除了染色体10，从蜀黍预言的28Ca2+transporters在所有染色体上是分布式的时(Chr10)。有趣地，大多数Chr1和Chr3上的基因显示出在米饭和蜀黍之间的一种反的syntenic关系。这些transporter蛋白质的多重顺序排列和主题分析揭示了在二种之间的高保存。种系发生的树能很好在基因家庭之中识别隧道，ATPases和exchangers的子类。在里面silicocis规章的元素分析建议了与光，应力和荷尔蒙应答以及内乳特定、分裂组织特定的基因表示联系的多样的功能。进一步的实验被保证验证在里面预言的transporter基因家庭的silico分析并且阐明在各种各样的生物进程的Ca2+transporters的函数。

简介：Usingeucollagensolutionsfromoxhide,wecastcollagenfilmstoassesstheinfluenceofcalciumandsilicaonthere-constitutionofthefibrousstructureofcollagen.Thetensilestrengthandthebreakingelongationofthereconstitutedcollagenfilmsweremeasuredandanalysed.Significantdifferenceswereobservedbetweenreconstitutedcollagenfilmswithandwithoutcalciumandsilica.Thebreakingelongationofthefilmsobtainedinthepresenceofsilicawassignificantlygreater,andthedegradationwaslowerthanotherfilmsofreconstitutedcollagen.Collagenandchitosandonotexisttogetherasblendsinnature,butthespecificpropertiesofeachmaybeusedtoproduceinbiomimeticwayman-madeblendswithbiomedicalapplications,thatconferuniquestructural,mechanical(detail)andinvivoproperties.

简介：Apoptosismanifestsintwomajorexecutionprogramsdownstreamofthedeathsignal:thecaspasepathwayandorganelledysfunction.Animportantantiapoptosisfactor,Bcl-2protein,contributesincaspasepathwayofapoptosis.Calcium,animportantintracellularsignalelementincells,isalsoobservedtohavechangesduringapoptosis,whichmaybeaffectedbyBcl-2protein.WehavepreviouslyreportedthatinHarringtonine(HT)inducedapoptosisofHL-60cells,there'schangeofintracellularcalciumdistribution,ovingfromcytoplastespeciallyGolgi'sapparatustonucleusandaccumulatingtherewiththehighestconcentration.Wereportherethatcaspase-3becomesactivatedinHT-inducedapoptosisofHL-60cells,whichcanbeinhibitedbyoverexpressionofBcl-2protein.NosignofapoptosisorintracellularcalciummovementfromGolgi'sapparatustonucleusinHL-60cellsoverexpressingBcl-2ortreatedwithAc-DEVD-CHO,aspecificinhibitorofcaspase-3.Theresultsindicatethatactivatedcaspase-2canpromotethemovementofintracellularcalciumfromGolgi'sapparatustonucleus,andtheprocessisinhibitedbyAc-DEVD-CHO(inhibitorofcaspase-3),andthatBcl-2caninhibitthemovementandaccumulationofintracellularcalciuminnucleusthroughitsinhibitiononcaspase-3.Calciumrelocalizationinapoptosisseemstobeirreversible,whichisdifferentfromtheintracellularcalciumchangescausedbygrowthfactor.

简介：对mycobacteria唯一的蛋白质的PE_PGRS家庭被表明包含多重钙绑定和glycine富有的顺序主题GGXGXD/NXUX。这次顺序重复组成钙绑定平行β-转动或平行β-螺旋在毒素由许多克否定的细菌分泌了的RTX组织并且被发现。包含nona肽主题的多重拷贝的高度相应的PEPGRS蛋白质能合拢进类似的钙绑定结构，这被预言。PEPGRS蛋白质的预言的钙绑定性质的含意根据巨噬细胞病原体相互作用和致病被介绍。

简介：Perforin是主要从事调停的形成毛孔的蛋白质目标T房间死亡并且被细胞毒素的T淋巴细胞(CTL)和自然漂亮房间采用。然而，它是否也在常规CD4+T房间功能起一个作用，仍然保持不清楚。这里，我们报导那在perforin缺乏(PKO)老鼠，CD4+T房间是响应T的hyperproliferative房间受体(TCR)刺激。hyperproliferation的这个特征被改进在房间分割并且在IL-2分泌物伴随。看起来，perforin缺乏不在胸腺怒气和淋巴节点影响T房间开发。在vivo，perforin缺乏导致增加的抗原特定的T房间增长和抗体生产。而且，PKO老鼠更产生试验性的自体免疫的眼色素层炎。探讨分子的机制，我们发现在TCR刺激以后，从PKO老鼠的CD4+T房间显示增加的细胞内部的钙流动并且随后提高抄写因素NFAT1的激活。我们的结果显示perforin在由影响TCR依赖的Ca2+发信号调整CD4+T房间激活和有免疫力的反应起一个否定作用。

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