简介：TheBohai,thelargestinlandseainChina,isabundantinmarineresources.However,withthepapereconomicgrowthintheCricum-BohaiBayAreaintherecentyears,theenvironmentalpollutioninthisareahasbecomemoreandmoreserious,resultinginasubstantialdeclineanddeteriorationofmarineresources.Inviewofthiscriticalsituation,themethodforsustainabledevelopmentofmarineresourcesintheBohaiSeaisdiscussed.Practicalmeasuresandfeasiblesuggestionsareputforwardinthispaperwiththepurposeofpreventingandcontrollingenvironmentalpollutionaswellasnaturaldisasters,andeventuallyachievingtheaimofthesustainabledevelopmentofmarineresourcesinthisarea.

简介：在Bohai海湾的热带以外的暴风雨巨浪和淹没的一个二维的数字模型基于不稳定的流动海军司烧方程被造。模型包括了二节，一个人为暴风雨巨浪的模拟为在沿海的区域的暴风雨巨浪淹没的模拟的潮汐的水平和其它。当模仿暴风雨时，澎湃潮汐的水平，轮流出现的方向含蓄(ADI)方法被用于驱散并且解决2D暴风雨巨浪方程。在暴风雨巨浪淹没的模拟，2D不稳定的流动方程被驱散并且解决了使用有限体积方法(FVM)的无结构的格子。淹没和暴风雨巨浪的过程的Acoupling计算模式潮汐的水平变化被建议，当模仿并且预报暴风雨巨浪的过程时，因此，暴风雨巨浪淹没过程和区域能被计算潮汐的安装。而且，在Bohai海湾的热带以外的暴风雨巨浪和淹没用这个数字模型被模仿。模拟结果在对测量数据的好同意，它证明这个数字模型提供在Bohai海湾模仿并且预报暴风雨巨浪和淹没的一个新方法。

简介：AccordingtotheBohaiSeacross-sectiondataduring1985～1998,thehighconcentrationinorganicnitrogenintheBohaiSeasectionbottomlayerwaternearshorediffusedandtransferredtothemiddleoftheBohaiSeayearafteryear.TheinterannualvariationsoftheconcentrationofinorganicnitrogenintheBohaiSeasectionbottomlayerwatermayreflectthedegreeofeutrophicationmoresteadily.Thenitratenitrogenandnitritenitrogenareusedtoshowquasi-equilibriumstateinterannualvariations,butwiththeaggravationofseawaterpollution,thequasi-equilibriumstateofinterannualvariationshasbeenbrokenandthemarinebiological-chemicalprocessescanonlymaintainthesecondarypartoftheinterannualvariationsinaquasi-equilibriumstate,butarenotsufficienttopreventthemainpanofinterannualvariationsfromdeviatingfromthequasi-equilibriumstate.Thespatialdistributionsofinorganicnitrogenwouldbeaffectedbythereproductionandswarmingofmarinelife.

简介：ThebiomassesoffishesatthebottomlayeroftheBohaiSeaareextimatedbyanalysingthedataonsamples(447hauls,morethan0.2millioninnumberor20tinweightoffishes)collectedmonthlybyourinstitutefromApril,1982toMay,1983byapairofbottomtrawlsthroughtheBohaiSea.Theexploitationproblemsarealsodiscussedinthispaper.

简介：Algalbloom,knownasredtide,hasoccurredfrequentlyintheBohaiSeainrecentdecadescausinggreateconomiclossestofisheriesaswellashavingsignificantadverseimpactontheenvironment.A3-DEco-Hydraulicmodelisdevelopedtosimulatetheexplosivepropagationofdiatomanddinoflagellateasafunctionoftheconcentrationofvariousnutrients,riverinflow,tide,temperature,wind,sunshineandrainfall.Themodelisintendedtoanswerthequestionsofhowthe1998BohaiSearedtideoccurred,andtoinvestigatehowenvironmentalfactors,suchastemperature,wind,rainfall,solarradiance,seacurrentsandnutrients,affectthealgalbloomprocess.Theparametersemployedinthemodelarecalibratedwiththedatacollectedintheperiods1982-1983and1992-1993.Resultsfromthemodelindicatethateutrophicationoftheseawateristhebasicconditionforalgalbloom,andthatthe1998redtidewastriggeredbytheabnormalwarmweatherinAugustandSeptember.

简介：Thereweredifferentbiogeographicaltintinnidsintheoceans.Knowledgeoftheirdistributionpatternandmixingwasimportanttotheunderstandingofecosystemfunctions.YellowSea(YS)andBohaiSea(BS)weresemi-enclosedseasinfluencedbywarmwaterintrusionandYScoldbottomwater.TheoccurrenceoftintinnidsinYSandBSduringtwocruises(summerandwinter)wereinvestigatedtofindout:i)whetherwarm-watertintinnidsappearedinYSandBS;ii)whetherborealtintinnidsappearedinhighsummer;iii)thecoreareaofneritictintinnidsandiv)howthesedifferentbiogeographicaltintinnidsmixed.Ourresultsshowedthattintinnidcommunitywasdominatedbyneritictintinnid.Weconfirmedtheoccurrenceofwarm-watertintinnidsinsummerandwinter.Insummer,theyintrudedintoBSandmainlydistributedintheupper20mwhereYellowSeaSurfaceWarmWater(YSSWW)developed.Inwinter,theywerelimitedinthesurfacewaterofcentraldeepregion(bottomdepth>50m)ofYSwherewereaffectedbyYellowSeaWarmWater(YSWW).BorealtintinnidsoccurredinYSinhighsummer(August)andinwinter,whiletheywerenotobservedinBS.Insummer,thehighestabundanceofborealtintinnidsoccurredinYellowSeaBottomColdWater,indicatingthepresenceofanoversummeringstock.Inwinter,theywereconcentratedinthenorthofYSWW.Vertically,neritictintinnidsabundancewashighinthebottomlayers.Horizontally,highneritictintinnidsabundanceinbottomlayersoccurredalongthe50misobathcoincidingwiththepositionoffrontsystems.Frontsystemswerethecoredistributionareaofneritictintinnids.Highabundanceareasofwarm-waterandborealtintinnidswereclearlyseparatedverticallyinsummer,andhorizontallyinwinter.Highabundanceofneritictintinnidsrarelyoverlappedwiththatofwarm-waterorborealtintinnids.

简介：ThispaperanalyzestheseismicityandseismicriskdistributionintheBohaiSea.Basedontheseismicdesignparametersof46platformsintheBohaiSea,astatisticanalysisismadeontheratiosofthepeakaccelerationsfordifferentprobabilitylevels.Inaccordancewiththetwo-stagedesignmethod,aschemeoftwodesignseismiclevelsisproposed,andtwofortificationgoalsareestablishedrespectivelyforstrengthlevelearthquakesandductilitylevelearthquakes.ThroughanalogyandcomparisontotheChineseseismiccodeforbuildings,itisproposedthattheprobabilitylevelforthestrengthandductilitylevelearthquakestakesreturnperiodsof200aand1000～2500arespectively,andwefurtherexpoundedonitsrationality.Finally,thefortificationparametersinthesub-regionsofBohaiSeaareaaregiveninthelightofseismicriskzonationandgroundmotiondivision.Thisarticleisasummaryofexperiencesfrommanyyearsofoffshoreplatformseismicfortificationwork,andanexploratorystudyontheseismicfortificationstandardsofoffshoreplatformsinChina,whichmayprovidesomereferencesfortheestablishmentofthestandard.

简介：Dongpu下垂位于Bohai海湾盆的南方，中国，并且有丰富的油和煤气的储备。迄今为止，没有它的地热的地的系统的文档。这研究测量了岩石从47口井的324个核心的热电导率，和计算岩石为不同形成的热电导率。地热的坡度和陆上的热流动从523口井在892形成严峻数据的基础上为192口井被计算。结果证明Dongpu下垂由在稳定、活跃的构造区域之间的一块中等温度的地热的地被描绘，与32.0°C/km的一个平均地热的坡度和65.6mW/m2的陆上的热流动。在Dongpu的地热的领域下垂被Changyuan，黄河，和Lanliao地下室差错显著地控制。他们在Paleogene发展了，Dongying运动发生在Dongying形成depositional时期。地热的地分发有一个类似的特征到Dongpu的构造框架下垂，也就是二subsags，一个高举，一个陡峭的斜坡和一个轻轻的斜坡。油和煤气的分发仔细与现在的地热的领域被联系。工作可以为重建提供限制在Dongpu的热历史和当模特儿的来源岩石成熟进化下垂。

简介：Longpilesoftheoceanoilplatformareusuallymanufacturedastheintegrationofseveralsegments,whichhavetobeassembledonebyoneduringinstallation.Duringpiledriving,excessiveporepressurewillbuildupinsuchahighlevelthathydraulicfracturinginthesoilroundthepilemaytakeplace,whichwillcausethesoiltoconsolidatemuchfasterduringpileextensionperiod.Consequently,afterpileextension,thesoilstrengthwillrecovertosomeextentandthedrivingresistancewillincreaseconsiderably,whichmakesrestartingdrivingthepileverydifficultandevencausesrefusal.Afiniteelement(FE)analysisprocedureispresentedforjudgingtheriskofrefusalbyestimatingtheblowcountsafterpileextension,inwhichtheregainofsoilstrengthisconsidered.AcaseanalysisinBohaiGulfisperformedusingtheproposedproceduretoexplainthepilerefusalphenomenon.

简介：Asoneofthekeysafetyproblems,themotionperformanceandtouchingseabottomofaFPSOarepaidmuchattentionbytheoceanoilcompanieswhentheFPSOisexposedtosurvivalstormsintheshallow-waterworkingareas.Inthispaper,timedomainnumericalsimulationsarecarriedoutona160kDWTFPSOwithaYokemootingsystemmooredintheBZ25-1oilfieldwithawaterdepthof16.7m.Theresultsarecomparedwiththoseofthecorrespondingmodeltests.Goodagreementshowsthatthetime-domainsimulationscanbeusedtopredicttheperformanceoftheFPSOinshallow-waterreasonably.ItisfoundthatthetouchofseabedbyafullyloadedFPSOoccurredfewtimesundersurvivalstormconditions.Therefore,theFPSOshouldbelessloadedthanthatinthefullyloadedconditionunderthesurvivalstorms.

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简介：Thecalculativemethodofheattransfercoefficientbetweenicecoverandwaterisanalyzedconsideringtheheatbalanceaticecoverbottomfirstly.Theheattransfercoefficientiscalculatedwiththemeteorological,oceanographicdataandseaiceconditionsmeasuredontheJZ20-2Oil/GasPlatformintheBohaiSeaduringthewinterof1997/1998.Fromtheresults,itisshownthattheheattransfercoefficientissmallerinthefreezingandmeltingperiods,whichisabout0.16×10-3and0.04×10-3respectively.Inthemiddleoficeseason,theheattransfercoefficienthasalargervalue,whichisabout0.5×10-3.Lastly,theinfluencesoficethicknessandicetypeontheheattransfercoefficientarediscussed.Withtheheattransfercoefficientdeterminedabove,theoceanicheatfluxinthewinterof1997～1998iscalculated,anditstrendinthewinterisanalyzed.ThisstudycanbereferencedintheseaicenumericalsimulationandpredictionintheBohaiSea.

简介：Thecoupledice-oceanmodelfortheBohaiSeaisusedforsimulatingthefreezing,melting,andvariationoficecoverandtheheatbalanceatthesea-ice,air-ice,andair-seainterfacesoftheBohaiSeaduringtheentirewinterin1998～1999and2000～2001.Thecoupledmodelisforcedbyrealtimenumericalweatherpredictionfields.TheresultsshowthatthethermodynamiceffectsofatmosphereandoceanareveryimportantfortheevolvementoficeintheBohaiSea,especiallyintheperiodoficefreezingandmelting.Oceanheatfluxplaysakeyroleinthethermodynamiccoupling.Thesimulationalsopresentsthedifferentthermodynamicfeaturesintheicecoveredregionandthemarginalicezone.Icethickness,heatbudgetattheinterface,andsurfaceseatemperature,etc.betweenthetworepresentativepointsarediscussed.

简介：Basedontheassumptionofglobalsealevelrisingbetween30and100cminthefuture100yearsbyIPCC(1990)inadditiontotheeffectoflocalgroundsubsidence,thecoastlinewillretrogradefor50-70kmwhosealtitudeswillbe2.6-3.3maboveMSLofHuanghaiSeainthewesterncoastalareaoftheBohaibayin2100.Thetransgrassiveareaisabout10,000-11,500km.Iftheeffectofset-upofstormsurgeisconsidered,thetransgressiveareawillreach16,000km.Sealevelrisewhichisaseriouscoastaldisasternotonlyinundatesalotofcoastallowland,butalsoincreasesthefrequencyandintensityofstormtides,andresultsinthesalinizationofsoils.Inviesofthissituationwerecommendatrinitycomprehensivemeasureoftreatment,namely,"buildingseawalltopreventtides-divertingtheHunagheRivertosettleitssedimentloads-raisingtheconstructionalbase".

简介：During1985～1987,theconcentrationofnitratenitrogenwashigherintheLaizhouBayandtheBohaiBaywhilethatofnitritenitrogenwashigherintheLiaodongBayandtheBohaiBay,Theconcentrationofnitratenitrogenwashighestinwinterandlowestinsummerwhilethatofnitritenitrogenwashighestinautumnandlowestinspring.theseasonalvariationoftheconcentrationofnitratenitrogenwasmaximumintheLaizhouBayandtheBohaiBaywhilethatoftheconcentrationofnitritenitrogenwasmaximumintheLiaodongBay.Therewasagreatdifferenceintheconcentrationofnitratenitrogenbetweenthesurfaceandthebottominautumnandintheconcentrationofnitritenitrogenbetweenthesurfaceandthebottominsummer.Themainreasonfortheseasonalvariationsoftheconcentrationofnitratenitrogenandnitritenitrogenwasthemarinebiochemicalprocess.ThenitratenitrogenandnitritenitrogenintheBohaiSeabasicallymaintainedaquasi-equilibriumstateseasonalcycle,Thequesi-equilibriumstateseasonalcycleofnitratenitrogenandnitritenitrogenatthebottomwasstablewhilethatatthesurfacewasliabletovariationscausedbyotherfactors.

简介：Anoperationalthree-dimensionaloilspillmodelisdevelopedbytheNationalMarineEnvironmentalForecastingCenter(NMEFC),StateOceanicAdministration,China,andthemodelhasbeenrunningfor9a.OnJune4and17,2011,oilisspilledintotheseawaterfromtwoseparateoilplatformsintheBohaiBay,i.e.,PlatformsBandCofPenglai19-3oilfield.Thespillcausespollutionofthousandsofsquarekilometresofseaarea.TheNMEFC'soilspillmodelisemployedtostudythePenglai19-3oil-spillpollutionduringJunetoAugust2011.ThewindfinalanalysisdataoftheNMEFC,whichisbasedonaweatherresearchandforecasting(WRF)model,areanalyzedandcorrectedbycomparingwiththeobservationdata.Acorrectedcurrentfiledisobtainedbyforcingtheprincetonoceanmodel(POM)withthecorrectedwindfield.Withtheabovemarineenvironmentalfieldforcingtheoilspillmodel,theoilmassbalanceandoildistributioncanbeproduced.Thesimulationisvalidatedagainsttheobservation,anditisconcludedthattheoilspillmodeloftheNMEFCisabletocommendablysimulatetheoilspilldistribution.ThustheNMEFC'soilspillmodelcanprovideatoolinanenvironmentalimpactassessmentaftertheevent.

简介：AccordingtotierecordsofseismicstationnetworksofChina’scontinentandKoreaPeninsulaandthehistoricaldata,thecompleteseismicitypatternwasobtainedforthefirsttime.Theseismiczoningwasconductedbymeansoftheclusteranalysismethod.Themap’sspatialdistributionofseismicityfrom1960to1994showsthattherearethreestrongseismiczones:thefirstonestrikesintheNEdirection,fromtheJiangsuplaininChinatothecentralKoreanPeninsula;thesecondstrikesintheNWdirection,fromtheBohaiSea,ChinatothesouthernKoreanPeninsula;thethirdstrikesintheNWdirection,fromthewesternLiaoningProvincetoPyongyang.Mostofearthquakesarelocatedalongthesethreezones,theseismicintensityislowerthanthatinthemainland,andexhibitedthefeatureoffracturedcrustofamarginalseabasin.

简介：ThemeasurementsbyusingADCP(500KH)andCTDweremadeduringAugust2000inthesouth(37°55'N,120°25'E)oftheBohaiSea,wherethewaterdepthwasabout16.5m.Thedataofhorizontalvelocitywithsamplingintervalof2minin7layerswereobtained.Thepowerspectrumanalysisofthesedataindicatesthatthereareveryenergeticinfragravitywaveswithaperiodofabout6min.Thecoherencespectrumanalysisandtheanalysisoftemporalvariationofshearshowthattheseinfragravitywavesaremainlythefreewavemodel(propertiesofedgewaves),inthemeantimetheypossesssomecharacteristicsofinternalwaves,whicharelikelyduetothedistinctivemarineenvironmentinthisarea.Itisspeculatedonthattheinstabilityprocesses(chieflyshearinstability)ofshearedstratifiedtidalflowowingtotheeffectofsea-floorslopeinthecoastalareamightbethemainmechanismgeneratingtheseinfragravitywaves.

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简介：HeavilypopulatedbyBeijingandTianjincities,BohaibasinisaseismicallyactiveCenozoicbasinsufferingfromhugelostbydevastatingearthquakes,suchasTangshanearthquake.Theattenuation(QPandQS)ofthesurficialQuaternarysedimenthasnotbeenstudiedatnaturalseismicfrequency(1-10Hz),whichiscrucialtoearthquakehazardsstudy.Boreholeseismicrecordsofmicroearthquakeprovideusagoodwaytostudythevelocityandattenuationofthesurficialstructure(0-500m).Wefoundthattherearetwopulseswellseparatedwithsimplewaveformsonboreholeseismicrecordsfromthe2006MW4.9Wen'anearthquakesequence.Thenweperformedwaveformmodelingwithgeneralizedraytheory(GRT)toconfirmthatthetwopulsesaredirectwaveandsurfacereflectedwave,andfoundthattheaveragevPandvSofthetop300minthisregionareabout1.8km/sand0.42km/s,leadingtohighvP/vSratioof4.3.Wealsomodeledsurfacere-flectedwavewithpropagatingmatrixmethodtoconstrainQSandthenearsurfacevelocitystructure.OurmodelingindicatesthatQSisatleast30,orprobablyupto100,muchlargerthanthetypicallyassumedextremelylowQ(～10),butconsistentwithQSmodelinginMississippiembayment.Also,thevelocitygradientjustbeneaththefreesurface(0-50m)isverylargeandvelocityincreasesgraduallyatlargerdepth.Ourmodelingdemonstratestheimportanceofboreholeseismicrecordsinresolvingshallowvelocityandattenuationstructure,andhencemayhelpinearthquakehazardsimulation.