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简介：Theimpactofearthquakesinurbancenterspronetodisastrousearthquakesnecessitatestheanalysisofassociatedriskforrationalformulationofcontingencyplansandmitigationstrategies.Inurbancenters,theseismicriskisbestquantifiedandportrayedthroughthepreparationof'EarthquakeDamageandLossScenarios.'Thecomponentsofsuchscenariosaretheassessmentofthehazard,inventoriesandthevulnerabilitiesofelementsatrisk.ForthedevelopmentoftheearthquakeriskscenarioinIstanbul,twoindependentapproaches,onebasedonintensitiesandthesecondonspectraldisplacements,areutilized.Thispaperwillpresenttheimportantfeaturesofacomprehensivestudy,highlightthemethodology,discusstheresultsandprovideinsightstofuturedevelopments.

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简介：AbstractPreterm parturition is the consequence of pathological signals that activate the common pathway of parturition and considered as a syndrome. Many risk factors for spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB) have been identified. Two significant risk factors for sPTB are history of prior sPTB and short cervical length at midtrimester. 17 hydroxyprogesterone caproate, vaginal progesterone, cerclage, and pessary have all been studied for prevention of sPTB. Difference in patient populations likely contributes to the conflicting study results. Further studies are needed to establish strategies in prevention of sPTB in singleton as well as multiple pregnancies.

简介：Thispaperpresentsamethodologytodeterminethreedataquality(DQ)riskcharacteristics:accuracy,comprehensivenessandnonmembership.Themethodologyprovidesasetofquantitativemodelstoconfirmtheinformationqualityrisksforthedatabaseofthegeographicalinformationsystem(GIS).FourquantitativemeasuresareintroducedtoexaminehowthequalityrisksofsourceinformationaffectthequalityofinformationoutputsproducedusingtherelationalalgebraoperationsSelection,Projection,and...

简介：Thecoreofnetworksecurityistheriskassessment.Inthisletter,ariskassessmentmethodisintroducedtoestimatethewirelessnetworksecurity.Themethod,whichcombinesAnalyticHier-archyProcess(AHP)methodandfuzzylogicalmethod,isappliedtotheriskassessment.Fuzzylogicalmethodisappliedtojudgetheimportantdegreeofeachfactorintheaspectsoftheprobability,theinfluenceandtheuncontrollability,nottodirectlyjudgetheimportantdegreeitself.Theriskas-sessmentiscarvedup3layersapplyingAHPmethod,thesortweightofthethirdlayeriscalculatedbyfuzzylogicalmethod.Finally,theimportantdegreeiscalculatedbyAHPmethod.Bycomparingtheimportantdegreeofeachfactor,theriskwhichcanbecontrolledbytakingmeasuresisknown.Thestudyofthecaseshowsthatthemethodcanbeeasilyusedtotheriskassessmentofthewirelessnetworksecurityanditsresultsconformtotheactualsituation.

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简介：Climatechangewillalterthecapacityofcarbonsequestration,andtheriskassessmentofcarbonsequestrationforterrestrialecosystemswillbehelpfultothedecision-makingforclimatechangecountermeasuresandinternationalclimatenegotiations.BasedonthenetecosystemproductivityofterrestrialecosystemssimulatedbyAtmosphereVegetationIntegratedModel,eachgridoftheriskcriterionwassetbytimeseriestrendanalysis.Thentherisksofcarbonsequestrationofterrestrialecosystemswereinvestigated.Theresultsshowthat,intheIPCCSRES-B2climatescenario,climatechangewillbringrisksofcarbonsequestration,andthehigh-risklevelwilldominateterrestrialecosystems.Theriskwouldexpandwiththeincreaseofwarmingdegree.Bytheendofthelong-termofthiscentury,about60%ofthewholecountrywillfacetherisk;NorthwestChina,mountainousareasinNortheastChina,middleandlowerreachesplainofYangtzeRiverareas,SouthwestChinaandSoutheastChinatendtobeextremelyvulnerable.Risklevelsinmostregionsarelikelytogrowwiththeincreaseofwarmingdegree,andthisincreasewillmainlyoccurduringthenear-termtomid-term.NorthwestChinawillbecomeanareaofhighrisks,anddeciduousconiferousforests,temperatemixedforestsanddesertgrasslandtendtobeextremelyvulnerable.

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简介：Recently,IattendedaconferenceorganisedbytheEuropeanFoodSafetyAuthorityinthebeautifulandprosperousItaliancityofParma.Theoveralltopicoftheconferencewasriskassessment,andtheprogramincludedasectiononaspectsofenvironmentalriskassessment.Invariousareas,includingtheevalutionoftheeffectsofpesticideapplications,invasiveorganismsorgeneticallymodifiedplants(Arpaiaetal.,2014)preparinganenvironmentalriskassessmentisanobviouslyrelevantexercise.

简介：Constructionprojectschedulingisoneofthemostcriticalfactorsforprojectsuccessmeasurement.Notonlyfortheprojectplanningbutforconstructionprocessmanagement,theschedulingisthebasictoolforcommunicationbetweentheownerandtheprojectmanager.Bydevelopingtheschedulebeforetheprojectstarts,theownerknowsinadvancethattheexpectedtimelineoftheproject.Bypreparingconstructionprocessscheduling,theownerandgeneralcontractorcanbettermanagethesubcontractors,sub-tradesprogress,materialsstorageanddeliveries,laborsscheduleandequipmentsetupwhichwilleventuallysavetime,moneyandhassle.Basically,CriticalPathMethod(CPM)iscommonlyusedintheconstructionindustry.CPMisadeterministicmethodthatassumesthatthroughthenetwork,thereisatleastonepaththatdeterminestheprojectdurationandthatthepathisthecriticalpath.CPMdoesnotconsidertheuncertaintyintheactivities;ratheritassumesthateachactivitycanbefinishedinthegivensituation.ProgramEvaluationandReviewTechnique(PERT)isastochastictechniquewhichisbasedontheassumptionthatthedurationofasingleactivitycanbedescribedbyaprobabilitydensityfunction.PERTtakesintoaccounttheuncertaintyduringtheconstructionprocessandhasbeencreatedoutoftheneedtoplan,scheduleandcontrolcomplexprojectswithmanyuncertainties.ThePERTapproachisstatedinsomebooksandpapers,butthereisnodeepinvestigationontheapplicationinthescheduleriskassessment.ThispaperinvestigatesthePERTworkprocessandtakesavaluabletryontheconstructionscheduleriskassessmentbyusingcasestudies.Theutilizationintheestimatetheconstructionliquidateddamagewiththeuncertaintiesisperformed,whichalsocanbeusedintheinsurancecompanytocalculatetheinsurancepremium.

简介：InvitrodetectionmethodforthesensitivityofMagnaporthegriseatotricyclazolewasstudied,andthepotentialresistanceriskofblastdiseasetotricyclazolewasassessed.BothEC50ofhyphalmelanization(EC50-H)andminimuminhibitiveconcentrationofmelanizationinappressorial(MIC-A)byinhibitortricyclazoleshowedpositivecorrelationtotheEC50oftricyclazoleagainstblastdiseasetestedinvivo,withrelativeco-efficiency(R2)of0.8995and0.8244,respectively.However,stabilityandreproducibilityofEC50-HwerebetterthanthoseofMIC-A,suggestingthatitcouldbeusedtodetectthesensitivityofM.griseatotricyclazoleinvitro.TricyclazolesensitivityoftheprogeniesderivedfromsinglesporesofthemostsensitiveisolateDY2andtheleastsensitiveisolateGY6detectedinsensitivitymonitoringin2000wasnotstable,withmeanEC50valuesof4.4968μg/mLand5.4010μg/mL,respectively,indicatingthatthedifferenceinEC50betweenDY2andGY6wasnotcausedprobablybyresistancevariation.EC50ofGY6didnotincreasesignificantlywhencontinuouslyselectedfortwentygenerationsundertheselectionpressureoftricyclazoleinvivo.However,thesensitivityofDY2wasdecreasedby10-foldafterselectedfortwentygenerations.TheresultssuggestedthattricyclazolewasstilllowresistanceriskforM.griseainChina.

简介：Environmentalriskspertainingtocontaminatedsoilshavebeenwellstudied,whilelittleattentionhasbeenpaidtotherisksofthesoilsafterremediation.Inthisstudy,aconceptmodeldevelopedbasedonfuzzysettheorywasappliedtoevaluatetheuncertaintiesofthreeriskindicators,namely,plantgrowth,groundwatersafetyandhumanhealth,ofarestoredsitethathadbeenpreviouslypollutedbyheavymetals.Theconceptmodelclassifiedthegradeandimportanceofriskfactorsbyan11-levelrankingsystemandwasabletoyieldacomprehensiveriskresultratherthanmulti-riskresultsforcomplexriskindicators.Modelingresultsshowedthattheriskstothethreeindicatorswereeffectivelyreducedaftertheremediation.Moreover,greatsensitivityoftheriskswasfoundrelatedtotheweightdistributionamongthethreeriskindicators.Ingeneral,therisksofbothpollutedandrestoredsoilstotheenvironmentwereintheorderofgroundwatersafety>plantgrowth>humanhealth.Themodelwasprovedtosolvetheproblemsofmulti-riskresultsduetocomplexriskindicatorsthatpreviouslyencounteredbyotherresearchers,whichmadeithelpfulindecision-makingandmanagementofrestoredsoils.

简介：Sex-specificdifferencesintheepidemiologyandpathophysiologyofcoronaryarterydiseaseandischemicheartdiseasearenowwellrecognized.Womenwithanginamoreoftenhavenonobstructivecoronaryarterydisease(NOCAD)comparedwithmen.Thispatientpopulationcarriesasignificantriskoffuturecardiovasculareventsthatisnotcommonlyappreciated,oftenleadingtodelayeddiagnosisandtreatment.WhilecoronarymicrovasculardysfunctionplaysacentralroleinthepathophysiologyofNOCADinwomen,othermechanismsofmyocardialischemiaarenowrecognized.RiskfactorssuchashypertensionandobesitydisparatelyaffectwomenandarelikelytoaccountforasignificantproportionofNOCADinthecomingyears.VascularinflammationisanimportantpathophysiologicpathwayinNOCADandisapotentialtherapeutictarget.CoronaryCTangiographyprovidesacomprehensiveassessmentofcoronaryanatomyandplaquemorphologyandisareasonablescreeningtestofchoiceforNOCAD.

简介：Aprobabilisticriskassessmentprocedureisdevelopedwhichcanpredictrisksofexplosiveblastdamagetobuiltinfrastructure,andwhencombinedwithlife-cyclecostanalysis,theprocedurecanbeusedtooptimiseblastmitigationstrategies.Thepaperfocusesonwindowglazingsincethisisaload-capacitysystemwhich,whensubjectedtoblastloading,hascausedsignificantdamageandinjurytobuildingoccupants.Structuralreliabilitytechniquesareusedtoderiveblastreliabilitycurvesforannealedandtoughenedglazingsubjectedtoexplosiveblastforavarietyofthreatscenarios.Theprobabilisticanalysesincludetheuncertaintiesassociatedwithblastmodelling,glazingresponseandglazingfailurecriteria.Damagerisksarecalculatedforanindividualwindowandforwindowsinthefacadeofamulti-storeycommercialbuilding.Thepapershowsanillustrativeexampleofhowthisinformation,whencombinedwithrisk-baseddecision-makingcriteria,canbeusedtooptimiseblastmitigationstrategies.

简介：Paprikapepper,asoneofthemainvegetablecrops,isoriginatedinthetropicsandnowwidelyplantedintheworldforitsdietarytherapyandmedicinalfunctions.Foritstypicalphysiologicalpropertiesreferringtolowtolerancestoflood,droughtandcold,paprikapepperoftensuffersfromoneorseveraldisastersduringitsgrowingperiod,especiallyundertropicalclimate.PaprikapepperinHainan,asatypicalregionoftropicalclimateinChina,sustainsflood,chillinganddroughtdisasterrisksinducedbyvariedweathersystems.Thisstudywastodevelopandemployappropriateindicestoassesshazard,sensitivity,vulnerabilityandpreventioncapabilityformajordisastersduringpaprikapeppergrowthperiod,usinglong-termmeteorologicaldatafrom1998to2011,actualdisastersrecordfrom1999to2011,productionandsocioeconomicstatisticsfrom2002to2011at18weatherstations.BasedontheAnalyticHierarchyProcessandEntropymethod,thecombinedweightwasgiventoeachdisasterfactor,thusanintegrateddisasterriskassessmentmodelwasdevelopedandappliedatregionallevel.HighfloodhazardmainlyoccurredineasternHainan,highchillinghazardinnorthandcentralmountainareas,andhighdroughthazardinthewesternpartofHainan.Droughtandchillingsensitivityhadasimilarspatialdistributionwhichdecreasedfromcentraltocoastalregionswhilefloodsensitivitywastheopposite.Highvulnerabilityofthedisastersmainlyoccurredincentralregions,similartolowpreventioncapability.EasternHainansufferedfromhighintegrateddamagerisk.Thepredicteddamageoccurrenceshowedagoodagreementwiththeoccurrenceofactualdisasters.Weconcludedthatanintegrateddamageriskassessmentmodelcouldprovideanewtooltoassessmajormeteorologicaldisastersandhelpfarmersandpolicymakerstoalleviatetherisksofmajormeteorologicaldisastersforpaprikapepper,whichseemsalsosuitableforothercrops.

简介：ThestructureofPb,Zn,CuandCdinleadzincoretailingsoilsinYongzhou,HunanisanalyzedbytheoptimizedBCRsequentialextractionprocedure.Thecontentandproportionofheavymetalsoftheminearemeasured.Meanwhile,theecologicalrisksareevaluatedwiththeLarsHakanson’spotentialecologicalriskexponentialmethod.Theanalysisshowsthatthecontentofheavymetalsisveryhigh,reachingthelevelofseriouspollution.TheorderofmetalpollutiondegreesareCd>Pb>Cu>Zn.Ontheotherhand,itisverypossiblethattheheavymetalsmaycombinetogetherascompoundsorclingtothecrystalformofclay.Sincetheformofsolubleacidandfreemetalsareverylittle,itisnotaneasyjobformetalelutingorrestorationofplants.Yetitispossibletotakeoutthoseheavymetalsadoptingthechemicalextractiontechnology.DTPAandEDTA,indicatedbyaresearch,bothhaveiterativevalueandstrongconformityeffect.Sotheyareeffectiveelutriantstorestorethepollutedsoil.Achemicalextractionmethodisputforwardinthispaper.

简介：联系沿海的结构的风险分析和评价最近是在沿海的保护的区域的热话题之一。在这份报纸，从三，关节的方面分别地归还多重负担，堤失败率和堤的时期连续风险预防，有关海堤高出的三个新风险分析方法被开发。导致高出的暴风雨巨浪的因素也在三个方法被考虑，是值得注意的。以便验证并且估计最新发达的方法的有效性和可靠性，确定的相互的信息被采用。借助于测试的大小写，不同优先的变量可能dividedly被选择，这能被发现，根据特殊工程申请或负担的优势的要求。基于优先的变量的选择，相关风险分析方法能成功地被用于实际工程。