简介：CleavageofchromosomalDNAintooligonucleosomalsizefragmentsisanintegralpartofapoptosis.ElegantbiochemicalworkidentifiedtheDNAfragmentationfactor(DFF)asamajorapoptoticendonucleaseforDNAfragmentationinvitroGeneticstudiesinmicesupporttheimportenceofDFFinDNAfragmentationandpossiblyinapoptosisinvivo.RecentworkalsosuggeststheexistenceofadditionalendonucleasesforDNAdegradation.Understandingtherolesofindividualendonucleasesinapoptosis,andhowtheymightcoordinatetodegradeDNAindifferenttissuesduringnormaldevelopmentandhomeostasis,aswellasinvariousdiseasedstates,willbeamajorresearchfocusinthenearfuture.

简介：<正>Apoptosisisahighlyregulatedphysiologicalprocesscriticalindevelopmentandtissuehomeostasis.Abnormalapoptosiscanleadtodiseaseconditionsincludingneurodegeneration,autoimmunityandcancer.DNAfragmentationisanintegralpartofapoptosisandhaslongbeensuspectedtobeofcriticalimportanceincleaninguppotentiallyantigenicDNAandgeneticmaterialcapableofinducingneoplasmictransformationinneighboringcells.DirectevidenceforthisfunctionofDNAfragmentationhowever,isstilllacking.TheidentificationofaheterodimericDNAfragmentationfactor45and40(DFF45andDFF40,alsocalledICADforInhibitorofCaspaseActivatedDNaseandCADforCaspaseActivatedDNaserespectively)aswellas

简介：RNAi是指通过双链RNA介导特异性降解靶mRNA，导致转录后水平基因沉默的现象。其作用途径有RdRP依赖的RNAi的途径与非RdRP依赖的RNAi途径2种。利用RNAi的基因敲除技术在dsRNA序列选择、质粒或病毒为载体的dsRNA体内合成、发夹样siRNA的转录、dsRNA的导入方法等方面取得了很大进展，在研究人类或其他生物基因组中未知基因及蛋白质的功能等领域具有诱人的应用前景。

简介：RNaseMRPRNA是处理的RNasemitochondrialRNA(MRP)的RNA子单元涉及处理事件的多重细胞的RNA的酶建筑群。RNaseMRPRNA基因(RMRP)上的变化引起后退地继承的发展混乱，软骨头发发育不全(CHH)。遗传型(RMRP变化)的关系，RNaseMRPcomplex的RNA处理缺乏，和CHH和另外的骨胳的发育异常的显型还有待于被探索。

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简介：AsthetopologicalpropertiesofeachspotinDNAmicroarrayimagesmayvaryfromoneanother,weemployedgranulometriestounderstandtheshape-sizecontentcontributedduetoasignificantintensityvaluewithinaspot.Analysiswasperformedonthemicroarrayimagethatconsistedof240spotsbyusingconceptsfrommathematicalmorphology.Inordertofindoutindicesforeachspotandtofurtherclassifythem,weadoptedmorphologicalmultiscaleopenings,whichprovidedmicroarraysatmultiplescales.Successiveopenedmicroarraysweresubtractedtoidentifytheprotrusionsthatweresmallerthanthesizeofstructuringelement.Spot-wisedetails,intermsofprobabilityoftheseobservedprotrusions,werecomputedbyplacingaregularlyspacedgridonmicroarraysuchthateachspotwascenteredineachgrid.Basedontheprobabilityofsizedistributionfunctionsoftheseprotrusionsisolatedateachlevel,weestimatedthemeansizeandtextureindexforeachspot.Withthesecharacteristics,weclassifiedthespotsinamicroarrayimageintobrightanddullcategoriesthroughpatternspectrumandshape-sizecomplexitymeasures.Thesesegregatedspotscanbecomparedwiththoseofhybridizationlevels.

简介：Apoptosiscanbetriggeredbyavarietyofstimuliincludingdeathfactors,anti-cancerdrugsandfactor-deprivation.Theseapoptoticcellsareswiftlyphagocytosedbymacrophagestopreventthereleaseofnoxiousorinflammatorymaterialsfromdyingcells.ThemolecularanalysisofFasligand(adeathfactor)-inducedapoptosisindicatedthatacascadeofproteases(caspases)isactivatedduringthisprocess,whicheventuallyactivatesaspecificDNase(caspase-activatedDNase).CADexistsasacomplexwithitsinhibitor(ICAD)inproliferatingcells.Whenthecellsaretriggeredtoapoptosis,caspases,inparticularcaspase3,inthedownstreamofthecaspasecascadecleaveICAD,whichreleasesCADtocauseDNAdegradationinnuclei.

简介：质粒载体在基因治疗中占据重要地位。传统质粒DNA在真核生物中可能会引起严重的炎症反应,未甲基化的CpG序列可能抑制基因的表达,最好的解决办法是在生产质粒载体过程中将细菌调控序列整体消除。微环DNA是一种新颖的小环超螺旋表达框,它是传统质粒在大肠杆菌体内通过位点特异性重组得到的。微环DNA缺乏抗性标记基因、复制原点等细菌序列,增强了在临床上的安全性。体内、外研究表明,微环DNA提高了转基因表达效率。我们就重组酶系统及微环DNA的生产、纯化和转染效率等方面的研究进行了综述

简介：The2004SoutheastAsiaTsunamikillednearly5,400peopleinSouthernThailand,includingforeigntouristsandlocalresidents.TorecoverDNAevidenceasmuchaspossiblefromtheseriouslydecomposedbodies,weexploredproceduresofsamplepreparationfrombothboneandtoothsamplesaswellasbothmitochondrialandnuclearmarkers.DespitehavingfailedtorecoverenoughDNAfornuclearmarkertyping,wesucceededinobtainingfullyinformativeresultsformitochondrialmarkers(HV1andHV2)from258toothsampleswithasuccessrateof51%(258/507).UsinganorganicDNAextractionmethodcoupledwithanultrafiltrationstep,weobtained16STR(including13CODISloci,onesexdiscriminationlocus,andtwoIdentifilerloci)profilesfor834sampleswithasuccessrateof79%(834/1,062).Inaddition,bycomparingtheallelicfrequenciesbetweenthetypedsamplesasagroupandotherindexpopulations,weconcludethattheThaitsunamivictimsareacombinedgroupofseveralpopulations.Ourresultsprovidevaluableevidenceandprotocolsforthefutureforensicpractice.

简介：Heterogeneousnuclearribonucleoproteins(hnRNPs)arespliceosomalmacromolecularassemblagesandthusactivelyparticipateinpre-mRNAmetabolism.Theyarecomposedofevolutionarilyconservedandtandemlyrepeatedmotifs,wherebothRNA-bindingandprotein-proteinrecognitionoccurtoachievecellularactivities.Byyetunknownmechanisms,theseribonucleoprotein(RNP)particlesaretargetedbyautoantibodiesandhenceplaysignificantroleinavarietyofhumansystemicautoimmunediseases.Thisfeaturemakesthemimportantprognosticmarkersintermsofmolecularepidemiologyandpathogenesisofautoimmunity.SinceRNPdomainisoneofthemostconservedandwidespreadscaffolds,evolutionalysesoftheseRNA-bindingdomainscanprovidefurthercluesondisease-specificepitopeformation.ThestudypresentedhereinrepresentsasequencecomparisonofRNA-recognitionregionsofrecentlyclonedandcharacterizedhumanhnRNPA3withthoseofotherrelevanthnRNPA/B-typeproteins.Theirimplicationsinhumanautoimmunityareparticularlyemphasized.

简介：在不到10年里自从它的开始，RNA干扰(RNAi)在生物医学的科学上有非凡的影响。RNAi被表明了到影响众多生物并且疾病小径。RNAi技术的开发和采纳是丰富的从基本loss-of-function工具，到药品的目标确认的染色体宽的屏蔽图书馆和治疗学的开发。然而，RNAiis的分子的机制理解远非完全。这简短评论的目的是在阐明加亮关键成就导致RNA的silencing建筑群并且到的生化学机制为这块地构画出主要挑战。

简介：Eelfamilyisahugeone,inwhichmanykindsofeelsespeciallysomemigratoryeels,bearstrongresemblancetoeachother,andarethereforedifficulttobeidentified.Inthisstudy29randomprimerswereusedtomakeRAPDanalysisforJapaneseseel(Anguillajaponica),Europeaneel(Anguillaanguilla)andPikeeel(Muraenesoxcinereus).Andtotally299fragmentswerecounted.Sharedorspecificfragmentswerecountedandgeneticsimilarityorgeneticdistancewerecalculated.ThegeneticsimilaritybetweenJapaneseeelandPikeeelis0.68andthegeneticdistancebetweenthemis0.32;thosebetweenEuropeaneelandPikeeelare0.72and0.28respectively,andbetweenJapaneseeelandEuropeaneelare0.74and0.25respectively.Themethodhasbeenshowntobesuitabletomolecularidentificationofeels.Itprovidesanalternativeapproachtodeterminetherelationshipbetweenspecies.

简介：DNA聚合酶III是为DNA的复制负责的五eubacterialDNA聚合酶之一双。在DNA聚合酶III核心酶的十个子单元之中，高山哈子单元两个都为polymerizing催化反应DNA海滨。在这研究，我们提取了高山的genomic序列哈从159的子单元定序eubacterial染色体，并且执行了基于顺序的种系发生、结构的分析。我们发现所有eubacterial染色体有至少一座高山哈子单元，哪个形式homodimers或heterodimers。种系发生并且领域高山的结构的分析以及拷贝数字变化哈在每个细菌的子单元显示高山的分类哈子单元进四个基本的组：polC，dnaE1，dnaE2，和dnaE3。这个分类具有在染色体作文分析的本质。我们也巩固了命名惯例在基因注解避免进一步的混乱。

简介：在源于mitochondrial机能障碍的氧化phosphorylation的改变长被假设了涉及tumorigenesis。线粒体最近被显示了在调整规划房间死亡和房间增长起一个重要作用。而且，mitochondrialDNA(mtDNA)变化在各种各样的癌症房间被发现了。然而，在tumorigenesis的这些mtDNA变化的角色仍然保持大部分未知。这评论集中于基本mitochondrial遗传，mtDNA变化和与癌症联系的结果的mitochondrial机能障碍。潜在的分子的机制，调停从mtDNA变化的致病和到tumorigenesis的mitochondrial机能障碍也被讨论。

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简介：将个体DNA提取出来后,按一定方式进行混合,构成混合DNA样品池。这种混合DNA样品可用于病因未明的遗传性及遗传易感性疾病的研究。在研究常染色体隐性遗传性耳聋致病基因时,发现与染色体9q的D9S922和D9S301位点有相关性。此方法比通常的连锁分析法省时省力。在肿瘤相关基因或责任基因的研究、法医学的个体认定、基因突变的检测等方面均显示出实用性,值得推广

简介：生物安全研究的范畴涉及任何由生物威胁所造成的风险。随着害虫优先考虑级别的不断变化，以及国家和部门间相互协作的不断加强，对DNA分子鉴定技术的标准化提出了更迫切的要求，而DNA条形码的出现为此类问题的解决提供了很好的机遇。我们以前人对毒蛾和果蝇的研究为例，比较了DNA条形码技术与PCR-RFLP等传统方法的鉴定效果，在此基础上提出了建立一个可对不同入侵种进行快速和准确鉴定的条形码技术平台的构想。

简介：目的：拼接DNA片段并克隆。方法：用T4DNA连接酶将DNA片段以平末端随机连接,随后用限制性内切酶切割,琼脂糖电泳分离酶切产物,挑选特定片段纯化回收,与线性化的载体质粒连接,转化大肠杆菌感受态细胞。结果：通过以上步骤,成功拼接了不同DNA片段,构建了含有目的拼接片段的重组质粒。结论：该方法简便、易行、可靠,可作为拼接、克隆DNA的备选方案,在分子生物学研究和基因工程中应用。

简介：Humanpolymorphonuclearleukocytes(PMN)havebeenreportedtocompletelylackofDNA-dependentproteinkinase(DNA-PK)whichiscomposedofKuproteinandthecatalyticsubunitDNA-PKcs,neededfornonhomologousend-joining(NHEJ)ofDNAdouble-strandbreaks.PromyelocyticHL-60cellsexpressavariantformofKuresultinginenhancedradiationsensitivity.ThisraisesthequestioniflowefficiencyofNHEJ,instrumentalforthecellularrepairofoxidativedamage,isanormalcharacteristicofmyeloiddifferentiation.HereweconfirmedthecompletelackofDNAPKinPMNproteinextracts,andtheexpressionofthetruncatedKu86variantforminHL-60.However,thisdegradationofDNA-PKwasshowntobeduetoaDNA-PK-degradingproteaseinPMNandHL-60.Inaddition,byusingaprotease-resistantwholecellassay,bothKu86andDNA-PKcscouldbedemonstratedinPMN,suggestingthepreviouslyreportedabsenceinPMNofDNA-PKtobeanartefact.ThelevelsofKu86andDNA-PKcsweremuchreducedinPMN,ascomparedwiththatofthelymphocytes,whereasHL-60displayedamarkedlyelevatedDNA-PKconcentration.Inconclusion,ourfindingsprovideevidenceofreduced,notdepletedexpressionofDNA-PKduringthematurestagesofmyeloiddifferentiation.

简介：本文介绍了阳离子脂质体、聚合胺、减毒侵袭性细菌、Cochleates等可介导疫苗DNA转染的载体，并对肌肉注射、基因枪导入、皮内皮下注射及粘膜接种等可用以DNA疫苗接种的几种免疫途径作一简述。