简介:拟建立抗HIV-p24蛋白的单克隆抗体细胞株及双抗体夹心法,用于检测艾滋病病人血清中的p24抗原.用纯化的基因工程表达的HIV-p24蛋白免疫BALB/c小鼠.取免疫小鼠的脾细胞和小鼠骨髓瘤Sp2/0细胞融合,有限稀释法克隆细胞,ELISA筛选特异性抗体.结果克隆筛选出12株细胞,初步建立了检测HIV-p24抗原的双抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附试验.本方法为监控艾滋病病毒感染的窗口期和艾滋病病人临床治疗效果提供了检测手段.
简介:目的对北京地区HIV和非HIV人群抗耶氏肺孢子菌(Pneumocystisjirovecii,Pj)主要表面糖蛋白(Majorsur-faceglycoprotein,Msg)IgG、IgM抗体滴度水平进行调查,探索其在流行病学调查中的价值.方法利用重组Msg融合蛋白作为抗原建立酶联免疫吸附试验(Enzyme-linkedimmunosorbentassay,ELISA),用阴性标准血清等比例稀释样本血清建立相对定量抗体检测方法,对176例HIV感染者和226例非HIV人群血清样本进行抗PjMsgIgG和IgM抗体定量水平调查,所有入选患者临床均不诊断肺孢子菌肺炎(Pneumocystispneumonia,PCP).结果抗PjMsgIgG抗体在非HIV人群中阳性率为42.5%(113/266),113例阳性标本中1∶100、1∶200、1∶400和1∶800滴度分别为77例(68.1%)、15例(13.3%)、6例(5.3%)和15例(13.3%);抗PjMsgIgG抗体在HIV感染者中阳性率为24.4%(43/176),43例阳性标本中1∶100、1∶200、1∶400和1∶800滴度分别为28例(65.1%)、10例(23.3%)、3例(7.0%)和2例(4.7%),与非HIV组相比差异无统计学意义(χ2=4.254,P=0.235).抗PjMsgIgM抗体在非HIV人群中阳性率为41.7%(111/266),111例阳性标本中1∶100、1∶200、1∶400和1∶800滴度分别为57例(51.4%)、21例(18.9%)、19例(7.1%)和14例(12.6%);抗PjMsgIgM抗体在HIV感染者中阳性率为12.5%(22/176),22例阳性标本中1∶100、1∶200、1∶400和1∶800滴度分别为10例(45.5%)、2例(9.1%)、4例(18.2%)和6例(27.3%),与非HIV组相比差异无统计学意义(χ2=3.788,P=0.285).结论非PCP人群中抗PjMsgIgG抗体定量水�
简介:克隆河南人免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)感染者HIV-1B型株tat基因完整编码框序列,并分析比较其编码产物的序列结构特点.使用重叠PCR技术,从河南省1名HIV-1感染者外周血标本中扩增出tat基因第一和第二外显子并重组为完整的tat基因序列.获得的HIV-1B病毒株tat基因,第一外显子为263bp,第二外显子为214bp.将该基因编码产物与其他HIV-1株Tat蛋白经DNA软件编辑并翻译成蛋白质,使用ClustalX1.81进行多序列对比分析发现,第一外显子编码产物的3个保守区域的氨基酸组成大致相同,只有少数氨基酸存在差异.由于Tat蛋白不同病毒株间有高度保守的Cys富集区、核心区和碱性氨基酸富集区,tat基因的克隆为研究其功能并以其为靶点设计和筛选抗艾滋病的药物奠定了基础.
简介:FewerthanonemillionHIVinfectedindividualsarecurrentlyreceivinganti-retroviraltherapy.ThelimitationsofsuchtreatmenthaveunderscoredtheneedtodevelopmoreeffectivestrategiestocontrolthespreadandpathogenesisofHIV.Typically,naturallyoccurringprotectiveimmuneresponsesprovidetheparadigmforsuchdevelopment.ItisnowclearhoweverthatHIVcanutilisethemillieuofanactivatedimmunesystemtoitsownreplicativeadvantage.Mobilisationoftheimmuneresponse,intendedtothwartofHIVcontributestolackofimmunecontrolandthedevelopmentofprogressivediseaseinthemajorityofinfected,untreatedindividuals.FurtherdelineationoftheintimateinteractionsbetweentheHIVandtheimmunesystemwillbecriticalandrecentadvancesinthisdirectionarediscussed.
简介:ProteomicshasbeenwidelyusedinthelastfewyearstolookfornewbiomarkersanddecipherthemechanismofHIV-hostinteraction.Herein,wereviewtherecentdevelopmentsofHIV/AIDSproteomicresearch,includingthesamplesusedinHIV/AIDSrelatedresearch,thetechnologiesusedforproteomicstudy,thediagnosisbiomarkersofHIV-associateddiseaseespeciallyHIV-associatedneurocognitiveimpairment,themechanismsofHIV-hostinteraction,HIV-associateddementia,substanceabuse,andsoon.Intheendofthisreview,wealsogivesomeprospectsaboutthelimitationandfutureimprovementofHIV/AIDSproteomicresearch.
简介:SmallinterferingRNA(siRNA)andmicroRNA(miRNA)aresmallRNAsof18-25nucleotides(nt)inlengththatplayimportantrolesinregulatinggeneexpression.TheyareincorporatedintoanRNA-inducedsilencingcomplex(RISC)andserveasguidesforsilencingtheircorrespondingtargetmRNAsbasedoncomplementarybase-pairing.ThepromiseofgenesilencinghasledmanyresearcherstoconsidersiRNAasananti-viraltool.However,inlong-termsettings,manyvirusesappeartoescapefromthistherapeuticalstrategy.Anexampleofthismaybeseeninthecaseofhumanimmunodeficiencyvirustype-1(HIV-1)whichisabletoevadeRNAsilencingbyeithermutatingthesiRNAtargetedsequenceorbyencodingforapartialsuppressorofRNAi(RNAinterference).Ontheotherhand,becausemiRNAtargetingdoesnotrequireabsolutecomplementarityofbase-pairing,mutationalescapebyvirusesfrommiRNAspecifiedsilencingmaybemoredifficulttoachieve.Inthisreview,wediscussstratagemsusedbyvariousvirusestoavoidthecells'antiviralsi/mi-RNAdefensesandnotionsofhowvirusesmightcontrolandregulatehostcellgenesbyencodingviralmiRNAs(vmiRNAs).
简介:Comparedwithhighinfectionareasoftheworld,thetotalHIVinfectionrateinChinaisrelativelylow.Nonetheless,becauseofChina'svastterritoryandlargepopulation,thepotentialinfectionriskmustbetakenseriously.Inthenextfewyears,needlesharingamonginjectiondruguserswillremainthemostcommonrouteoftransmissionfortheHIV/AIDSepidemicinChina.Unprotectedsexisgraduallybecomingamajorrouteoftransmission.ChinabegantoimplementHAARTin1999accordingtointernationalstandards.Priorto2003,therewereonlyabout150HIV/AIDSpatientsweretreatedwithHAARTinsomeclinicaltrialsandabout100HIV/AIDSpatientsweretreatedbyprivatesources.ResultsofthosetreatmentsarethescientificbasisfordevelopmentofthetherapeuticstrategiesinChina.InMarchof2003,theChinesegovernmentinitiatedChinaCARESprogram.InNovemberof2003,theChineseMinistryofHealthannouncedanationalpolicyoffreeARVtreatmenttoallHIV+ChinesecitizenswhowereinpovertyandrequiredARVtherapy.Therearetotalof19,456HIV/AIDSpatientsreceivedfreeARVdrugstodatein159regionsand441towns.Currentchallengesarehowtofollow-upandevaluatethosepatientsintheclinicalsettings.Thelongerthetherapyispostponed,themoresideeffectsandthehigherprobabilityofdrugresistancearegoingtooccur.Itremainsunclear,therefore,whenHAARTregimenshouldbestartedintheHIV/AIDSpopulationinChina.
简介:<正>Manyvirusesestablishlife-longinfectionsintheirnaturalhostwithfewifanyclinicalmanifestations.Therelationshipbetweenvirusandhostisadynamicprocessinwhichthevirushasevolvedthemeanstocoexistbyreducingitsvisibility,whilethehostimmunesystemattemptstosuppressandeliminateinfectionwithoutdamagetoitself.Wearenowbeginningtounderstandthatvirusescanemployavarietyofstrategiestoevadehostimmuneresponses.TheseincludeescapefromTcellrecognition,resistanceto
简介:Chinesenongovernmentalorganizations(NGOs)haveplayedasignificantroleinthebattleagainstAIDSinthePeople'sRepublicofChina.Thisarticleprovidesabriefoverviewofthestructureoftheseorganizations,aswellasananalysisoftheirprincipleaccomplishments.OfgreatsignificanceinthisanalysisisthefactthatChineseNGOshaveeffectivelydealtwithmanysensitivehealtheducationareasthatgovernmentauthoritieshavefeltreluctanttohandledirectly.Assuch,theyhaveprovidedanindispensablecomponentintheHIV/AIDSpreventionandcontrolcalculusonthemainland.
简介:Internationalnon-governmentalorganizationswereamongthefirstinternationalactorsthatrespondedtotheemergenceofAIDScrisisinChina.Since1994,thenumberofinternationalnon-governmentalorganizationsandcharitablefoundationsworkinginAIDSrelatedissueareasinChinahasgrownsteadilyandsubstantially.Despitetheirorganizationaldifferences,mostofthesenon-governmentalactorspresentthecharacteristicsofindependentmission,localizedpracticeanddiverseworkingfocus.Eventhoughtheyareconstrainedbyfinancialandotherfactorscomparedwithmultilateralandbilateralofficialassistanceagencies,theyhavestillplayedauniqueroleinfightingagainstAIDSinChinaastechnicalexperts,publiceducators,andcivilsocietysupporters.