简介：AerobicricetechnologyisstillnewinMalaysia,andinformationregardingMARDIAerob1(MA1),thefirstlocalaerobicricevariety,isstilllacking.Therefore,comparativestudieswerecarriedouttodeterminethephysiologicalperformanceofaerobicricevarietyMA1andlowlandricevarietyMR253underwaterstressgivenatthepanicleinitiation,floweringandripeningstages.Thisexperimentwasarrangedinarandomizedcompleteblockdesign.Stomatalconductance(gs),chlorophyllafluorescence(Fv/Fm),leafrelativewatercontent(leafRWC),andsoilmoisturecontent(SMC)aswellasyieldcomponentparameterssuchaspaniclenumber,grainyieldand100-grainweightweremeasured.ResultsrevealedthatgsandleafRWCforbothvarietiesdecreasedwithdepletionofSMC.ThecorrelationstudybetweenthephysiologicalparametersandSMCindicatedthatFv/Fmwasnotaffectedbywaterstress,regardlessofvarieties.Theyieldcomponents(paniclenumber,grainyieldand100-grainweight)forbothvarietiesgreatlydecreasedwhenwaterstresswasimposedatthepanicleinitiationstage.Thisstudyshowedthatthepanicleinitiationperiodwasthemostsensitivestagetowaterstressthatcontributedtoasubstantialreductioninyieldforbothvarieties.Undertheaerobiccondition(control),MR253producedhigherpaniclenumber,100-grainweightandyieldthanMA1.AlthoughMR253isbredforlowland,itiswelladaptedtoaerobiccondition.

简介：Severalbacterialstrainswereisolatedfromdifferentrhizospheres.Amongthese,strainPDY7exhibitedstrongantibacterialactivityagainstthericebacterialblight(BB)pathogenXanthomonasoryzaepv.oryzae(Xoo)bythelaboratorydualplateassays.TheantibacterialpropertyofthestrainPDY7wasfurtherinvestigatedfortheproductionof2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol(DAPG),whichamplifiedacharacteristicof629-bpDNAfragmentbyPCR-basedscreeningmethodusingphlDprimers.TheapplicationofphlDpositivestrainswascarefullyevaluatedfordiseasecontrolandgrowthpromotionofriceplantsunderfieldconditions.TheselectedstrainPDY7suppressedthericeBBby58.83%and51.88%underglasshouseandfieldconditions,respectively.Inaddition,thestrainPDY7showedsignificanttwo-foldincreaseinrootlength(18.08cm),shootlength(29.81cm),andgrainyield(96.07g).StrainPDY7promotedthegrowthofriceplantsbyproductionofindole-3-aceticacid(IAA),whichwasdeterminedbyhighperformanceliquidchromatography(HPLC)analysis.OurfindingssuggestthatPDY7belongstotheP.fluorescensgroupandcanserveaspotentialbiocontrolofBBaswellasbiofertilizeragentforgrowthpromotionofrice.

简介：在vitro和在米饭的雌蕊的花粉试管的生长的花粉谷物的萌芽与一台显微镜被观察。耻辱在授粉以后在不同时间点被移开在种子背景率上学习它的效果。开始在授粉和花粉试管以后在2min发芽的米饭花粉谷物在510min渗透了耻辱进风格，以后，花粉试管的结束到达了的30min卵巢的底部，和一些仅仅花粉试管在授粉以后在40min到达了胚胎囊。同时，callose的小数量在花粉试管开始了到沉积物，很多callose在授粉以后在50min被观察，而花粉谷物开始缩小了。在米饭耻辱，风格和卵巢的花粉试管的成长的率分别地是1500，5000，和5400m/h。当耻辱在授粉以后在大约1015min被移开时，种子背景率是相当低的，当它在授粉以后在20min搬迁了到50min时，逐渐地增加了，并且超过60%，它什么时候在授粉以后并且最后在50min搬迁了，趋于稳定。

简介：Brassinosteroid（BR）andgibberellin（GA）aretwopredominantplanthormonesthatregulateplantcellelongation.Mutantsdisruptthebiosynthesisofthesehormonesanddisplaydifferentdegreesofdwarfphenotypesinrice.Althoughtheroleofeachplanthormoneinpromotingthelongitudinalgrowthofplantshasbeenextensivelystudiedusinggeneticmethods,theirrelationshipisstillpoorlyunderstood.Inthisstudy,weusedtwospecificinhibitorstargetingBRandGAbiosynthesistoinvestigatetherolesofBRandGAingrowthofriceseedlings.Yucaizol,aspecificinhibitorofBRbiosynthesis,andTrinexapac-ethyl,acommerciallyavailableinhibitorofGAbiosynthesis,wereused.TheeffectofYucaizolonriceseedlingsindicatedthatYucaizolsignificantlyretardedstemelongation.TheIC50valuewasfoundtobeapproximately0.8μmol/L.Yucaizolalsoinducedsmallleafanglephenocopyinriceseedlings,similarlytoBR-deficientrice,whileTrinexapac-ethyldidnot.WhenYucaizolcombinedwithTrinexapac-ethylwasappliedtothericeplants,themixtureofthesetwoinhibitorsretardedstemelongationofriceatlowerdoses.OurresultssuggestthattheuseofaBRbiosynthesisinhibitorcombinedwithaGAbiosynthesisinhibitormaybeusefulinthedevelopmentofnewtechnologiesforcontrollingriceplantheight.

简介：十四个米饭变化的长叶的率在营养生长阶段在一个播种时间实验，和快速的长叶遗传型被测量在indica变化Yanhui559被发现。Yanhui559的主要灰煤杆上的叶数字总是是多于Lemont的4-5叶子，并且Yanhui559的长叶的率基于从播种到出发的类似的生长持续时间比Lemont的显著地高。而且，长叶的率的差别在营养生长阶段是重要的，然而并非在圆锥花序开始阶段特殊。在Yanhui559和Lemont的二张回交人口的长叶的率的Gerietic分析证明那个学生和数量基因控制了快速的长叶特性的表示。每植物在backcrossing人口，更早展出到ering为止的快速的长叶遗传型和更多的tiller与类似的生长持续时间基于一些植物的调查的结果，并且它然后每圆锥花序每谷物的植物和数字包括圆锥花序的棕土的产量构成因素比慢长叶遗传型的那些优异。在繁殖的快速的长叶遗传型的进一步的研究和申请可行性被讨论。

简介：Potexperimentswereconductedin2002and2003toinvestigatetheeffectsofsoilcopper(Cu)concentrationongrowth,developmentandyieldformationofricebyusingthejaponicacultivarWuxiangjing14andhybridricecombinationShanyou63.Theplantheight,leafnumber,elongatedinternodenumberandheadingdateofriceplantswerenotaffectedatsoilCulevelsbelow200mg/kg,butaffectedsignificantlyatabove400mg/kg.TheinhibitoryeffectsonricegrowthanddevelopmentwereincreasedwiththeincrementofsoilCulevels.ThegrainyieldsdecreasedsignificantlywithraisingsoilCulevels.ThemainreasonsforthegrainyieldreductionsunderlowersoilCulevels(100,200mg/kg)weremainlyduetothedecreaseofnumberofspikeletsperpanicle,however,underhighersoilCulevels(morethan400mg/kg),bothpaniclenumberandnumberofspikeletsperpaniclecontributedtotheyieldloss.ThedecreasesofpaniclenumberbyCustressweremainlyattributedtoslowrecoveryfromtransplanting,delayedtilleringandreducedmaximumtillernumbers.ThereductionofnumberofspikeletsperpanicleundersoilGustressresultedfromthedecreasesofbothshootdryweight(SDW)attheheadingdateandtheratioofspikeletstoSDW.TotalbiomassatmaturitydecreasedsignificantlywiththeincreaseofsoilCulevels,whileeconomiccoefficientshowednon-significantdecreaseexceptundersoilCulevelsabove800mg/kg.

简介：Plantassociatedbacteriaarepromisingalternativestochemicalfertilizersforplantgrowthandyieldimprovementinaneco-friendlymanner.Inthisstudy,riceassociatedbacteriawereisolatedandassessedformineralphosphatesolubilizationandindole-3-aceticacid(IAA)productionactivityinvitro.Sixpromisingstrains,whichweretentativelyidentifiedasphylotaxonPseudochrobactrumsp.(BRRh-1),Burkholderiasp.(BRRh-2),Burkholderiasp.(BRRh-3),Burkholderiasp.(BRRh-4),Pseudomonasaeruginosa(BRRh-5andBRRh-6)basedontheir16SrRNAgenephylogeny,exhibitedsignificantphosphatesolubilizingactivityinNationalBotanicalResearchInstitutephosphategrowthmedium,andBRRh-4displayedthehighestphosphatesolubilizingactivity,followedbyBRRh-5.ThepHoftheculturebrothdeclined,resultinginincreaseofgrowthrateofbacteriaatpH7,whichmightbeduetoorganicacidsecretionbythestrains.InpresenceofL-tryptophan,fiveisolatessynthesizedIAAandthemaximumIAAwasproducedbyBRRh-2,followedbyBRRh-1.ApplicationoftwomostefficientphosphatesolubilizingisolatesBRRh-4andBRRh-5byrootdipping(colonization)ofseedlingandsprayingatthefloweringstagesignificantlyenhancedthegrowthandgrainyieldofricevarietyBRRIdhan-29.Interestingly,applicationofbothstrainswith50%ofrecommendednitrogen,phosphorusandpotassiumfertilizersproducedequivalentorhighergrainyieldofricecomparedtothecontrolgrownwithfullrecommendedfertilizerdoses,whichsuggeststhatthesestrainsmayhavethepotentialtobeusedasbioinoculantsforsustainablericeproduction.

简介：Applicationofsilicon(Si)couldgreatlyboostriceyieldandmitigateabioticstress,especiallydrought.Afieldexperimentwasconductedduring2015attheresearchfarmofHongDucUniversity,ThanhHoaCity,Vietnam,toevaluatetheeffectsoffivedifferentcombineddosesofstandardfertilizerpracticeandSifertilizerongrowth,yieldandyieldcomponents,aswellasnutrientuptakeofrice.Thetreatmentsconsistedoftherecommendeddoseoffertilizer(RDF,110kg/hm2N+90kg/hm2P2O5+80kg/hm2K2O)asthecontrol,RDF+100kg/hm2SiO2,RDF+200kg/hm2SiO2,RDF+300kg/hm2SiO2andRDF+400kg/hm2SiO2.Theresultsshowedthatthegrowth,grainandstrawyieldsaswellasyieldcomponents(numberofgrainsperpanicle,seed-settingrateand1000-grainweight)weresignificantlyaffectedbySiapplication.Thehighestgrainyieldof3705kg/hm2wasobtainedwiththehighestlevelofSifertilizerincombinationwithRDF(RDF+400kg/hm2SiO2),however,itwasstatisticallyatparwiththeyieldsobtainedwithRDF+300kg/hm2SiO2(3664kg/hm2)andRDF+200kg/hm2SiO2(3621kg/hm2).TheoptimumdoseofSifertilizerwithmaximizedgrainyield(3716kg/hm2)was329kg/hm2SiO2.Thenutrient(Si,N,PandK)uptakesofricewerealsosignificantlyenhancedbySiapplication.Siapplicationatthelevelof329kg/hm2alongwithRDFwouldhelpinthesustainableproductionofriceinthetropicalzoneofVietnam.

简介：Tworicevarieties,Xiushui110withhighcadmium(Cd)toleranceandXiushui11withlowCdtolerancewereusedtostudytheeffectsofCdstressonseedgermination,seedlinggrowthandamylaseactivities.Thelowcadmiumconcentrationhadlittleeffectonseedgerminationrate.However,cadmiumstresscouldsignificantlyinhibitplumuleandradiclegrowth,especiallyforradiclegrowth.Germinationindex,vigourindex,radiclelengthandamylaseactivitiesofXiushui11decreasedmoresignificantlywiththeincreasingcadmiumlevelcomparedwithXiushui110.ThecadmiumcontentinseedlingsofXiushui11washigherthanthatinXiushui110whenthecadmiumconcentrationexceeded5μmol/L,whichcausedlowermitoticindexinroottipsandamylaseactivities,andmoreseriouscadmiumtoxicityinXiushui11.

简介：ThetransgenicriceKMD1,expressingasyntheticCry1AbgenefromBacillusthuringiensis,showedeffectiveresistancetoSignificantdeclineswererevealedinfoodconsumptionandgrowthoftheolderRLFnymphsfedonthecut-leavesoftransgenicKMD1plants.TheincreaserateoffoodconsumptionbylarvaefedonKMD1wasdrasticallylowerthanthoseonXiushui11.FoodconsumptionwasvariedwithdifferentinstarswhenthelarvaefedontheBtrice.Thoseoffourth-andfifth-instarlarvaeweredifferentcomparedtothethird-instar,lowerthanthoseonthenon-transgenicricebutstillincreasedalittlewhenthefeedingtimeprolonged.ItisindicatedthatyoungerRLFlarvaearemoresensitivetoBtricethanolderones.Also,about81%,78%and68%ofthethird-,fourth-andfifth-instarRLFlarvaediedwithin72hoursbioassayperiodonKMD1leaves,respectively.TheseresultsdemonstratedthatBt-transgeneinKMD1riceconferssubstantialprotectionagainstinfestationswitholderRLFlarvae.

简介：Inthisstudy,effectsoftemperature,lightandtheirinteractionsonallelopathiceffectsandthefunctionaltraitsspecificleafarea(SLA)andstemmassfraction(SMF)ofdifferentallelopathicpotentialriceaccessionsatdifferentgrowthstageswereanalyzed.Themainresultswereasfollows:Allelopathicresponsestotemperatureandlightvariedwithdifferentallelopathicpotentialriceaccessionsatdifferentgrowthstages.Withtheriseoftemperatureandtheextensionofphotoperiod,allelopathiceffectincreasedfirstlyandthendecreasedat2–3leafstage,butincreasedconstantlyatthe4–5and7–8leafstagesinstrongallelopathicriceaccessions[O.longistaminata,F1(O.longistaminata×RD23),F2(RL159andRL169)].Temperaturehadsignificantimpactonallelopathiceffectwithoutconsideringlightfactors,butlightshowedlittleeffectonriceallelopathyatthesametemperatureconditions.Thegreatestallelopathiceffectwasattainedwithmoderatetemperatureandlongphotoperiodat2–3leafstageinstrongallelopathicriceaccessions,butallthericeaccessionsshowedweakallelopathiceffectsatthelowtemperaturecondition(15oC/10oC),andtheinfluenceofdifferentfactorsonallelopathyfollowedageneraltrendastemperature>leafstage>light,indicatingthatamongthemultiplefactorsimpactingriceallelopathy,temperaturewasthemainfactor.AllelopathiccharacteristicsofF1andF2tovarioustemperatureandlightweresimilartoO.longistaminata,showingthatallelopathicgenesfromwildricecanbeexpressedinitsdescendants.TemperatureandlightalsohadsignificanteffectsonSLAandSMF,andriceallelopathywascloselycorrelativetoSLAinstrongallelopathicriceaccessionsatthe4–5and7–8leafstages,buttherewasnocorrelationbetweenriceallelopathyandSMFatdifferentgrowthstages.TheseresultssuggestedthatriceadjusttherelationshipbetweenallelopathyandSLAandadapttothevariedenvironments,andthathightemperatureandlon

简介：瑞斯鞘老家疾病(ShB)，由Rhizoctoniasolani引起了，产生重要谷物收益损失。现在的学习评估了积分的功效?，杆菌subtilis紧张MBI600的商业液体明确的表达，对米饭ShB并且为植物生长提升。在温室研究，积分的四木头集中(从2.2??????????????？？

简介：AsoilpotcultureexperimentwithfoursuppliedPlevels(i.e.P30,P50,P100,P200,representingsupplementalP30,50,100,200mg/kg,respectively)wasconductedtoinvestigateuptakeanduseabilitytoPandZninthericegenotypeswithdifferentP-efficiency,ofwhichricegenotypes508,99011,580,99112werelow-Ptolerantand99056,99012werelow-Psensitive.Low-Ptolerantrice580and99011absorbedmorePthantheothers,andricegenotype580hadstrongeruptakeabilityespeciallyatlow-PlevelsuchasP50andP30.508couldabsorbconsiderableP,andhadthelowestPpercentageofshoot,indicatingithadgoodperformanceinP-useefficiency.ThesethreericegenotypeshadlargerbiomassandlessresponsetochangedPlevelthanricegenotype99112,99056and99012.Ricegenotype99112showedLow-Ptolerancemainlybysacrificingbiomasstomaintainhighrelativegrainyield.TheleastamountofPabsorbedby99056showedithadthelowestPuptakeefficiency,andthehighestPpercentageinshootof99012meantithadthelowestPuseefficiency.Sotheytwoshowedlow-Psensitivity.ZncontentsinshootunderP200,P100andP50weresimilar,butP30increasedZncontentinshootsignificantly.TheZncontentsinshootof99112,99056and99012werehigherthanthoseof508,99011and580,especiallyattilleringstageandbootingstage.AsfortotalZncontentinshoot,Low-Ptolerantricegenotype580hadthelargestamountandfollowedby99011and508,low-Ptolerantricegenotype99012hadthesmallestamountatthethreesamplingstageandfollowedby99056.Furthermore,P/Zninshootof99012wasthehighest,andthatof99056wasthesmallestatthesamePlevel.

简介：Soilamendmentwithflyash（FA）andcombinedsupplementationwithN2-fixingcyanobacteriamassesasbiofertilizerweredoneinfieldexperimentswithrice.AmendmentswithFAlevels,0,0.5,1.0,2.0,4.0,8.0and10.0kg/m2,causedincreaseingrowthandyieldofriceupto8.0kg/m2,monitoredwithseveralparameters.PigmentcontentsandenzymeactivitiesofleaveswereenhancedbyFA,withthemaximumlevelofFAat10.0kg/m2.ProteincontentofriceseedswasthehighestinplantsgrownatFAlevel4.0kg/m2.Basicsoilproperties,pHvalue,percentageofsilt,percentageofclay,water-holdingcapacity,electricalconductivity,cationexchangecapacity,andorganiccarboncontentincreasedduetotheFAamendment.ParallelsupplementationofFAamendedplotswith1.0kg/m2N2-fixingcyanobacteriamasscausedfurthersignificantincrementsofthemostsoilproperties,andricegrowthandyieldparameters.1000-grainweightofriceplantsgrownatFAlevel4.0kg/m2alongwithcyanobacteriasupplementationwasthemaximum.CyanobacteriasupplementationcausedincreaseofimportantbasicpropertiesofsoilincludingthetotalN-content.Estimationsofelementalcontentinsoilsandplantparts（rootandseed）weredonebytheatomicabsorptionspectrophotometry.AccumulationsofK,P,Feandseveralplantmicronutrients（Mn,Ni,Co,ZnandCu）andtoxicelements（Pb,CrandCd）increasedinsoilsandplantpartsasafunctionoftheFAgradation,butNacontentremainedalmostunchangedinsoilsandseeds.Supplementationofcyanobacteriahadamelioratingeffectontoxicmetalcontentsofsoilsandplantparts.TheFAlevel4.0kg/m2,with1.0kg/m2cyanobacteriamasssupplementation,couldbetakenideal,sincetherewouldberechargingofthesoilwithessentialmicronutrientsaswellastoxicchemicalsincomparativelesserproportions,andcyanobacteriamasswouldcauselesseningtoxicmetalloadswithusualN2-fixation.

简介：Tocomparetheeffectsofslow-releasenitrogenfertilizeratsixdifferentlevelsontheflagleafchlorophyllfluorescencecharacteristicsofsuperhybridrice,afieldfertilizationexperimentwasconductedwithsuperhybridriceYLiangyou1asatestmaterial.Thephotosyntheticelectrontransportrate(ETR),effectivequantumyield(EQY),photochemicalquenchingcoefficient(qP),andnon-photochemicalquenchingcoefficient(NPQ)offlagleavesweremeasuredattheinitialheading,fullheading,10dafterfullheadingand20dafterfullheadingstages.ResultsshowedthatthevaluesofETR,EQYandqPincreasedwithricedevelopmentfrominitialheadingto20dafterfullheading,whereastheNPQdecreased.Duringthemeasuredstages,ETR,EQYandqPincreasedinitiallyandthendecreasedasnitrogenapplicationamountincreased,buttheypeakedatdifferentnitrogenfertilizerlevels.ThemaximumETRandEQYvaluesappearedatthetreatmentof135kg/hm2N.Inconclusion,theoptimumnitrogenamountforchlorophyllfluorescencecharacteristicsofsuperhybridricewas135180kg/hm2.

简介：RicecropgrowthandyieldinthenorthIranareaffectedbycropdurationandphenology.ThepurposeofthisstudywastocalibrateandvalidatetheORYZA2000modelunderpotentialproductionbasedonexperimentaldataforsimulatingandquantifyingthephenologicaldevelopment,cropdurationandyieldpredictionofricecropinfluencedbydifferentseedlingages.InordertocalibrateandvalidatethecropparametersofORYZA2000model,atwo-yearfieldexperimentwasconductedunderpotentialgrowthconditio...

简介：Toprovidegeneticinformationandmaterialsforbreedinghybridjaponicaricewithwideadaptabilityandstrongcompetitiveadvantageofyield,eliteallelesandtheircarriervarietiesofgrowthduration(GD)andproductivepaniclenumberperplant(PN)weredetected.Anaturalpopulationcomposedof94japonicavarietieswasphenotypedfortheGD,PNandplantheight(PH)intwoenvironments.TheconditionalphenotypicdataweretransferredbythelinearmodelmethodinsoftwareQGAStation1.0,andassociationmappingbasedontheunconditionalandconditionalphenotypevaluesofGDandPNwasanalyzedbyusinggenerallinearmodelinsoftwareTASSEL.Atotalof34simplesequencerepeat(SSR)markerlociassociatedwithGDandPNweredetectedinthetwoenvironments.Amongthem,15wereassociatedwithGD,and19wereassociatedwithPN.FoureliteallelesofRM8095-120bp,RM7102-176bp,RM72-170bpandRM72-178bpwereassociatedwithGD,andtheircarriervarietieswereHongmangshajing,Nipponbare,HongmangshajingandNannongjing62401,respectively.TheseeliteallelesfromthecarriervarietiescanshortenGDby2.039.93dwhentheywereintroducedintoimprovedmaterials.RM72-182bpassociatedwithPNwasaneliteallele,anditscarriervarietywasXiaoqingzhong.ItcanincreasePNbythreewhenintroducedintoimprovedmaterials.Moreover,theseeliteallelescanbeusedtoimprovetargettraitswithoutinfluencinganothertwotraits.

简介：Nitrogen(N)useefficiencyisusuallylessthan50%,anditremainsamajorprobleminricecultivation.Controlledreleasefertilizer(CRF)technologyisoneofthewell-knowneffortstoovercomethisproblem.TheefficiencyofCRF,however,isverymuchdependentonthetimingofnutrientrelease.ThisstudywasconductedtodeterminetheprecisetimeofNuptakebyriceasaguidelinetodevelopefficientCRF.FertilizerNuptakebyriceatdifferentgrowthstageswasinvestigatedbyusing15Nisotopictechnique.Ricewasplantedinpots,with15NureaasNsourceattherateof120kg/hm2.Potassiumandphosphoruswereappliedatthesamerateof50kg/hm2.Standardagronomicpracticeswereemployedthroughoutthegrowingperiods.Riceplantswereharvestedeverytwoweeksuntilmaturationatthe14thweekandanalyzedfortotalNand15Ncontent.Nitrogenderivedfromfertilizerwascalculated.TotalNuptakeinplantsconsistentlyincreaseduntilthe11thweek.Afterthat,itstartedtoplateauandfinallydeclined.Moreover,Nutilizationbyriceplantspeakedat50%,whichoccurredduringthe11thweekaftertransplanting.Nderivedfromfertilizerinriceplantswereintherangeof18.7%to40.0%inallplanttissues.TheremainingNwasderivedfromsoil.Basedonthisstudy,NreleasefromCRFshouldcompletebythe11thweekafterplantingtoensurethemaximumfertilizerNuptakebyriceplants.EfficientCRFshouldcontributetohigherNderivedfromfertilizerwhichalsoresultedinahighertotalNuptakebyriceplants,increasingthepotentialofricetoproducehigheryieldwhileatthesametimeofreducingloss.