简介：Mercury(Hg)isoneofthemosttoxicheavymetalstolivingorganismsanditsconspicuouseffectistheinhibitionofrootgrowth.However,littleisknownaboutthemoleculargeneticbasisforrootgrowthunderexcessHg2+stress.Tomapquantitativetraitloci(QTLs)inriceforHg2+tolerance,apopulationof120recombinantinbredlinesderivedfromacrossbetweentwojaponicacultivarsYuefuandIRAT109wasgrownin0.5mmol/LCaCl2solution.Relativerootlength(RRL),percentageoftheseminalrootlengthin+HgCl2to-HgCl2,wasusedforassessingHg2+tolerance.Inadose-responseexperiment,YuefuhadahigherRRLthanIRAT109andshowedthemostsignificantdifferenceattheHg2+concentrationof1.5μmol/L.ThreeputativeQTLsforRRLweredetectedonchromosomes1,2and5,andtotallyexplainedabout35.7%ofthephenotypicvarianceinHg2+tolerance.TheidentifiedQTLsforRRLmightbeusefulforimprovingHg2+toleranceofricebymolecularmarker-assistedselection.

简介：JohariceofAssamisaclassofricewitharoma,goodcookingqualitiesandexcellentpalatability,whicharegrownindifferentplacesofAssamwiththeiradaptabilitytolocalsituations.Atotalof143simplesequencerepeatmarkerswereusedinthisstudytorevealsufficientgeneticvariationsamongthe40Johaand14non-Joharicegenotypes.Polymorphisminformationcontentofthesemarkerswerefrom0.17to0.88,wheretheaverageof3.7alleleswereobserved.Themodel-basedpopulationassignmentanddendrogramanalysisidentifiedthreedistinctgroupsinthe54riceaccessions,whichestablishedaclearidentityofJohaaccessionsfromtheBasmatiaccessions,indicatinghighdiversityandstrongpopulationstructureinJoharice.Furthermore,atotalof29significantmarker-traitassociations(P<0.05)for10charactersweredetected.TheQTLsrelatedwithyieldandgrainqualitycanbeusedeffectivelyincropimprovementprogramsandforfurtherfinemappingandvalidationofspecificgenestodevelopgene-basedperfectmarkersinricebreedingandforminingofbetterallelesofthesegenesinJoharicecollections.

简介：Furtherimprovementofriceproductivityremainsachallenge.Breedingisperceivedasanimportantoptiontoincreasericeyield.However,thegeneticprogressofgrainyieldinmostricebreedingprogramswasslowinthelastdecades.Althoughgreatprogressinricegenomicsandmolecularbiologyhasbeenachieved,theeffectofsuchtechnologicalinnovationsonricebreedingisfarsmall.Markerassistedselection(MAS)forafewtargetquantitativetraitloci(QTLs)hassignificanteffectsinimprovingqualitativetraits,suchasdiseaseresistance.ThesuccessofMAShasthereforemotivatedbreederstoidentifyandusemajorQTLsforyieldandyieldcomponenttraits.Inthisreview,wesummarizedtherecentmethodsinQTLidentification,includingnovelstatisticalmethodsforlinkageandassociationmapping,specialpopulationtypes,andwhole-genomesequencing.Wereviewedthesuccessfulapplicationofmarker-assistedgeneintrogressionandgenepyramidingtoimprovegrainyieldanddiscussedthedesignofefficientMASschemestofurtherincreasethesuccessrateofbreedingprograms.Theuseofwell-characterizedmajorQTLsthroughintrogressionandgenepyramidingisproveneffectiveinimprovinggrainyield,particularlyyieldunderabioticstress.MajorQTLsthatarestableacrossgeneticbackgroundandgrowingenvironmentsareoftenfoundinlessadaptedgermplasms,suchaslandracesandwildrelatives.AdvancedbackcrossQTLanalysisandintrogressionlines,whichintegrateQTLdiscoveryandutilization,areimportantmethodsforexploitingmajorQTLscontainedinsuchgermplasms.NextgenerationsequencingsubstantiallyincreasesmappingresolutionandacceleratestheidentificationofcasualgenesunderlyingmajorQTLs.Practicalguidelinesderivedfromtheoreticalandempiricalstudiesaregiventoguidethedesignofefficientmarker-assistedgeneintrogressionandpyramidingschemes.

简介：Seeddormancycontributesresistancetopre-harvestsprouting.Effectsonrespectivequantitativetraitloci(QTLs)fordormancyshouldbeassessedbyusingfreshseedsbeforegerminabilityalteredthroughstorage.WeinvestigatedQTLsrelatedtoseeddormancyusingbackcrossinbredlinesderivedfromacrossbetweenNipponbareandKasalath.FourputativeQTLsforseeddormancyweredetectedimmediatelyafterharvestusingcompositeintervalmapping.TheseputativeQTLsweremappednearC1488onchromosome3(qSD-3.1),R2171onchromosome6(qSD-6.1),R1245onchromosome7(qSD-7.1)andC488onchromosome10(qSD-10.1).KasalathallelespromoteddormancyforqSD-3.1,qSD-6.1andqSD-7.1,andtherespectiveproportionsofphenotypicvariationexplainedbyeachQTLwere12.9%,9.3%and8.1%.Weevaluatedtheseeddormancyharvestedatdifferentripeningstagesduringseeddevelopmentusingchromosomesegmentsubstitutionlines(CSSLs)toconfirmgeneeffects.ThegerminationratesofCSSL27andCSSL28substitutedwiththeregionincludingqSD-6.1weresignificantlylowerthanthoseofNipponbareandotherCSSLsatthelateripeningstage.Therefore,qSD-6.1isconsideredthemosteffectivenovelQTLforpre-harvestsproutingresistanceamongtheQTLsdetectedinthisstudy.

简介：为旗帜叶角度的基因分离分析用P1，P2，F1，B1，从863B(装饰用的梨树米饭的一根维护者线)和A7444(有大旗帜叶角度的germplasm)的一个十字导出的B2和F2的六代被进行。旗帜叶角度的遗传型和显型在863B(P1)被调查，A7444(P2)和在BC1F1(863B/A7444//863B)的141植物人口。一张SSR基因连接地图被构造，为旗帜叶角度的QTL被检测。包含79信息loci的基因地图被构造，它走完441.6厘米的全部的距离，平均在二附近的loci之间的5.6厘米。结果证明特点被二主要基因加多基因控制，主要基因是更重要的。十五个标记基于单个标记回归分析与旗帜叶角度显示出高度重要的关联。为标志叶角度的二QTL(qFLA2和qFLA8)被两个检测在软件WinQTLCart2.5的合成间隔方法和合成间隔方法基于在QTL的混合线性模型联网2.0。分别地，qFLA2解释了10.50%phenotypic和13.28%变化并且在RM300和RM145的间隔位于染色体2的短手臂。分别地，qFLA8解释了9.59%phenotypic和7.64%变化并且在间隔flankingRM6215和RM8265位于染色体8的长手臂。在二QTL的积极等位基因两个都从A7444被贡献。

简介：生来的线人口从超级混合米饭Xieyou9308导出的recombinant(XieqingzaoB/Zhonghui9308)并且它的基因连接地图被用来在低、正常的氮(N)层次下面为米饭收益特点检测量的特点loci(QTL)。为在9个染色体上在27个区域散布的收益特点的52QTL的一个总数被检测，与解释phenotypic变化的4.93%26.73%的每QTL。十一QTL同时在二个层次下面被检测，并且30不同QTL在二个N层次下面被检测，从而建议在低、正常的N层次下面控制米饭生长的基因底是不同的。为圆锥花序的数字的QTL每植物，每圆锥花序小穗状花小穗数，在二个N层次下面每圆锥花序每圆锥花序，和谷物密度充满的谷物数在染色体3上在RM135RM168间隔被检测。QTL为在二个N层次下面每圆锥花序每充满的谷物的圆锥花序和数字小穗状花小穗数，以及每圆锥花序每植物和谷物密度圆锥花序数在低N水平下面，在染色体8上在RM5556RM310间隔被检测。上述描述的QTL为再循环的米饭N与以前报导的QTL分享了类似的区域。

简介：

简介：TwoclonaltrialstandsofChineseFir（Cunninghamialanceolata）wereusedinthisstudy,onewas19-year-oldstandwhichincluded38clones,andtheotherwas17-year-oldstandincluding102clones.Thestatisticalanalysesshowedthattherewereverysignificantgeneticvariationsinheight,DBH,volumeandratioofheartwood(Rhw),woodbasicdensity（ρb）oftheclonesinthetwostands.Therepeatabilityofcloneswasinmediantohighlevel,andthegeneticCVwasdifferentovertheallfivetraits.Therewereverysignificantphenotypicandgeneticcorrelationsamongheight,DBHandvolume,andnegativecorrelationsamonggrowth,Rhwandρb.Theselectionmethodexperimentindicatedthatindexselectioncouldimprovevolume,Rhwandρb,showingsyntheticallysuperiorselectioneffectscomparedtoanyindividualtraitselectionmethods.

简介：Grainyieldandheadingdatearekeyfactorsdeterminingthecommercialpotentialofaricevariety.Mappingofquantitativetraitloci(QTLs)inricehasbeenadvancedfromprimarymappingtogenecloning,andheadingdateandyieldtraitshavealwaysattractedthegreatestattention.Inthisreview,genomicdistributionofQTLsforheadingdatedetectedinpopulationsderivedfromintra-specificcrossesofAsiancultivatedrice(Oryzasativa)wassummarized,andtheirrelationshipwiththegeneticcontrolofyieldtraitswasanalyzed.TheinformationcouldbeusefulintheidentificationofQTLsforheadingdateandyieldtraitsthatarepromisingfortheimprovementofricevarieties.

简介：为phosphoenolpyruvatecarboxylase基因(ZmC4Ppc)的未经触动的Zeamays基因全身是6781bp。为这基因的PCR的产品不与差的重覆性是清楚的，结果因为它在米饭和玉米两个都对帮助标记的选择(妈)困难。为为妈选择标记，仅仅在玉米而非在米饭介绍的序列被强风识别，并且用教材首相5.0为教材设计使用了。一双特定的教材称为MRpc(向前：5AAGCAGGGAAGCGAGACG3，逆行：5GATTGCCGCCAGCAGTAG3)被用于转变米饭的选择，并且ZmC4Ppc能高度并且组成地在使用MRpc选择的转变米饭在每个测试发展阶段被表示。因此，MRpc被用于与ZmC4Ppc在米饭和一些restorer线带ZmC4Ppc基因的子孙的妈(例如FPM881)与restorer线Shuhui881源于转变ZmC4Ppc的Kitaakebackcrossed被获得。基因背景上的分析，PEPCase活动，捕捞光合的率，一般联合能力(GCA)和显示出的FPM881的特定的联合能力(SCA)超过95%到达的基因背景的那类似，PEPCase和网络光合的率比那些高控制，并且一些带ZmC4Ppc基因的子孙为谷物的GCA和SCA最好每植物让步，控制比那些每植物，和1000谷物重量圆锥花序数。这建议经由妈和它的稳定的表示的玉米ZmC4Ppc基因的介绍能增加米饭的谷物产量并且将多半为米饭提供一条小径品种的改进。

简介：在东南亚洲的农民从移植直接弄湿或当它要求更少的劳动和时间，弄干播种正在采用大米庄稼建立方法并且比较地更少的精力与移植比。与灌溉状况相对照，在rainfed低地，直接播种是一个普通惯例。早泛滥控制杂草，但是减少在直接播种的米饭的幼苗建立。厌氧的萌芽是一个重要特点抵抗早泛滥引起的损坏。能在庄稼建立帮助并且在泛滥下面改进庄稼生长的管理选择可能移开与直接播种有关的限制。调查与二近的isogenic线Swarna和Swarna-Sub1被执行。而Swarna是易受影响的，Swarna-Sub1是容忍的浸没。种子priming用完了水和2%Jamun(Syzygiumcumini)叶摘录，和它在泛滥下面改进了幼苗建立。生长的加速由于种子预告的处理发生了，它更长结果幼苗和生物资源的更大的累积。种子priming极大地赶快在Swarna-Sub1的全部的淀粉酶和白酒脱氢酶的活动比在Swarna。当植物在泛滥下面被栽培时，Swarna-Sub1超过了Swarna。杂草生物资源在与非充满的条件相比泛滥下面显著地减少了。种子priming在在非充满、早的泛滥的条件下面两个都归因参数的产量和产量上有积极效果。

简介：AbstractBackground:Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD) is an extremely lethal malignancy. Identification of the functional genes and genetic variants related to PAAD prognosis is important and challenging. Previously identified prognostic genes from several expression profile analyses were inconsistent. The regulatory genetic variants that affect PAAD prognosis were largely unknown.Methods:Firstly, a meta-analysis was performed with seven published datasets to systematically explore the candidate prognostic genes for PAAD. Next, to identify the regulatory variants for those candidate genes, expression quantitative trait loci analysis was implemented with PAAD data resources from The Cancer Genome Atlas. Then, a two-stage association study in a total of 893 PAAD patients was conducted to interrogate the regulatory variants and find the prognostic locus. Finally, a series of biochemical experiments and phenotype assays were carried out to demonstrate the biological function of variation and genes in PAAD progression process.Results:A total of 128 genes were identified associated with the PAAD prognosis in the meta-analysis. Fourteen regulatory loci in 12 of the 128 genes were discovered, among which, only rs4887783, the functional variant in the promoter of Ring Finger and WD Repeat Domain 3 (RFWD3), presented significant association with PAAD prognosis in both stages of the population study. Dual-luciferase reporter and electrophoretic mobility shift assays demonstrated that rs4887783-G allele, which predicts the worse prognosis, enhanced the binding of transcript factor REST, thus elevating RFWD3 expression. Further phenotypic assays revealed that excess expression of RFWD3 promoted tumor cell migration without affecting their proliferation rate. RFWD3 was highly expressed in PAAD and might orchestrate the genes in the DNA repair process.Conclusions:RFWD3 and its regulatory variant are novel genetic factors for PAAD prognosis.

简介：Background:Improvedunderstandingoftheprocessesshapingtheassemblyoftropicaltreecommunitiesiscrucialforgaininginsightsintotheevolutionofforestcommunitiesandbiologicaldiversity.Theclimateisthoughttobethefirstorderdeterminantofabundanceanddistributionpatternsoftreespecieswithcontrastingtraitssuchasevergreenanddeciduousleafphenology.However,therelativeroleofneutral,andniche-basedprocessesintheevolutionofthesepatternsremainpoorlyunderstood.Methods:Here,weperformanintegratedanalysisofthedataontreespeciesabundance,functionaltraitsandcommunityphylogenyfromanetworkof96forestplots,each1hainsize,distributedalongabroadenvironmentalgradientinthecentralWesternGhats,India.Then,wedeterminetherelativeimportanceofvariousprocessinassemblyandstructuringoftropicalforestcommunitieswithevergreenanddeciduousleafphenology.Results:Thedeciduousleafphenologicaltraithasrepeatedlyevolvedamongmultipledistantlyrelatedlineages.Treecommunitiesindrydeciduousforestswerephylogeneticallyclusteredandshowedalowrangeandvarianceof.functionaltraitsrelatedtolightharvesting,reproduction,andgrowthsuggestingniche-basedprocessessuchasenvironmentalfilteringplayavitalroleintheassemblyoftreecommunitiesintheseforests.Theexternalfactorssuchashuman-mediateddisturbancealsosignificantly,buttoalesserextent,influencesthespeciesandphylogeneticturnover.Conclusions:ThesefindingsrevealedthattheenvironmentalfilteringplaysasignificantroleinassemblyoftreecommunitiesinthebiologicallydiversetropicalforestsintheWesternGhatsbiodiversityhotspot.

简介：【摘要】本文以“6+1Trait”要素理论作为习作教学研究的基础出发点，立足于当下小学语文习作教学实践现状及典型的难题困境，思考构建一套贴合学情的“习作助推器”策略路径。该路径针对“要素”的理念与“学评一致”的目标，从“支架聚焦式”范式出发，联系实例对“习作助推器”设计与实施的优势及反思进行阐述，在过程性呈现中，探讨为习作教学加码、为习作学习减负的方向。