简介:γ-Aminobutyricacid(GABA)isamajorneurotransmitterandplaysimportantrolesinboththedevelopingandmaturecentralnervoussystem(CNS).OnewaythatGABAcanactisbybindingtofast,ionotropicGABAAreceptorsinneurons.ThebindingofGABAtoGABAAreceptorscausesaconformationalchangethatopensionchannels,
简介:Neurotrophicfactorscompriseessentialsecretedproteinsthathaveseveralfunctionsinneuralandnon-neuraltissues,mediatingthedevelopment,survivalandmaintenanceofperipheralandcentralnervoussystem.Therefore,neurotrophicfactorissuehasbeenextensivelyinvestigatedintothecontextofneurodegenerativediseases.Alzheimer'sdiseaseandParkinson'sdiseaseshowchangesintheregulationofspecificneurotrophicfactorsandtheirreceptors,whichappeartobecriticalforneuronaldegeneration.Indeed,neurotrophicfactorspreventcelldeathindegenerativeprocessesandcanenhancethegrowthandfunctionofaffectedneuronsinthesedisorders.Basedonrecentreports,thisreviewdiscussesthemainfindingsrelatedtotheneurotrophicfactorsupport–mainlybrain-derivedneurotrophicfactorandglialcellline-derivedneurotrophicfactor–inthesurvival,proliferationandmaturationofaffectedneuronsinAlzheimer'sdiseaseandParkinson'sdiseaseaswellastheirputativeapplicationasnewtherapeuticapproachforthesediseasesmanagement.
简介:Familialdysautonomia(FD)isararechildrenneurodegenerativediseasecausedduetoapointmutationintheIKBKAPgenethatresultsindecreasedIKKcomplex-associatedprotein(IKAP)proteinproduction.Thediseaseaffectsmostlythedorsalrootganglion(DRG)andthesympatheticganglion.Recently,wefoundthatthemolecularmechanismsunderlyingneurodegenerationinFDpatientsaredefectsinaxonaltransportofnervegrowthfactorsandmicrotubulestabilityintheDRG.Neuronsarehighlypolarizedcellswithverylongaxons.Inordertosurviveandmaintainproperfunction,neuronsdependontransportofproteinsandothercellularcomponentsfromtheneuronalbodyalongtheaxons.WefurtherdemonstratedthatIKAPisnecessaryforaxonmaintenanceandshowedthatphosphatidylserineactsasanHDAC6inhibitortorescueneuronalfunctioninFDcells.Inthisreview,wewillhighlightourlatestresearchfindings.
简介:Recentstudieshaveshownthattheglycation-associateddamageisnotlimitedtopatientswithdiabetes.Becauseoftheirassociationwithoxidativestress,advancedglycationend-products(AGEs)havealsobeenimplicatedinmanyneurodegenerativediseases,suchasHuntingtondisease,amyotrophiclateralsclerosis,andAlzheimerdisease(Yanetal.,
简介:BACKGROUND:Intracerebralhemorrhage(ICH)andcoronaryheartdisease(CHD)havethesamepathologicalbase,atherosclerosis,andthesimilarriskfactors,suchassmoking,drinking,hypertension,hyperlipemia,diabetesmellitus,etc;butthedistributionsoftwodiseasesareverydifferentinthepopulations.Thismayberelatedtotheexposureofriskfactorsanddifferenteffectsofriskfactorsontwodiseases.OBJECTIVE:ToanalyzethedistributiondifferenceofriskfactorsforICHandCHDinthepopulationsofTongliaocityofNeiMonggolAutonomousRegion.DESIGN:Retrospectiveanalysis.SETTING:SchoolofRadiationMedicineandPublicHealth,SoochowUniversity;TongliaoHospital,NeiMonggolAutonomousRegion.PARTICIPANTS:Randomsamplingwasusedtoselect6hospitalsfrom10hospitalsaffiliatedtoTongliaoCityofNeiMonggolAutonomousRegion.Totally1672medicalrecordsofpatientswithICHand2195medicalrecordsofpatientswithCHDadmittedtoDepartmentofNeurologyandDepartmentofCardiovascularInternalMedicineofabove-mentioned6hospitalsbetweenJanuary2003andDecember2005werecollectedaccordingtotheinvestigationneed.METHODS:Thesubjects,whosemedicalrecordswereinvolved,wereperformedretrospectiveanalysiswithpre-preparedquestionnaire'StrokeandCoronaryHeartDiseaseEpidemiologicQuestionnaire'.Themaincontentsincluded:①Socialdemographycondition:Thedistributionsofgender,age,nationality,etc.②Previoushistoryofdisease:hypertension,diabetesmellitus,etc.③Relatedriskfactors:systolicbloodpressure,diastolicbloodpressure,totalcholesterol,triglyceride,high-densitylipoproteincholesterol,low-densitylipoproteincholesterol,smoking,drinkingandglucose(GLU).ThedatabaseofEpidatawastransformedtoSPSSdatabase.Single-andmultiple-factornon-conditionalLogisticregressionanalysiswereperformedonthedata,andORvalueand95%CIwerecalculated.Thedistributiondifferencesofriskfactorsfortwodiseaseswerecompared