简介：Asimplethree-dimensionaltidalmodelisusedtoexaminetheM2tidalcurrentdistributioninanortheasternpartoftheEastChinaSea,especiallytheverticalvariationofthecurrentintheregion.ComputedM2currentiscomparedwithobservationsavailableandfoundtobeingoodagreement.Mainfeaturesofthecalculatingmethodinthisstudyare:(1)Verticalvariationofthetidalcurrentistakenasafunetionofthedepth-meanvelocity:(2)themethodisapplicabletoavarietyoftheverticaleddyviscosities;(3)ithasafineverticalresolution,especiallyneartheseabootom.So,thismethodnotonlyenablesustogetasteadystatesolutioneasilybutalsodepictseffectsofthefrictionontheverticalvariationofthecurrentmuchbetter.

简介：Althoughtheannualglobalsea-airCO2fluxhasbeenestimatedextensivelywithvariouswind-dependent-kparameterizations,uncertaintystillexistsintheestimates.Thesea-state-dependent-kparameterizationisexpectedtoimprovetheuncertaintyexistingintheseestimates.Inthepresentstudy,theannualglobalsea-airCO2fluxisestimatedwiththesea-state-dependent-kparameterizationproposedbyWoolf(2005),usingNOAA/NCEPreanalysiswindspeedandhindcastwavedatafrom1998to2006,andanewestimate,-2.18GtCyear-1,isobtained,whichiscomparablewithpreviousestimateswithbiochemicalmethods.Itisinterestingtonotethattheaveragedvalueofpreviousestimateswithvariouswind-dependent-kparameterizationsisalmostidenticaltothatofpreviousestimateswithbiochemicalmethodsbyvariousauthors,andthatthenewestimateisquiteconsistentwiththeseaveragedestimates.

简介：Thetyphoon,asamaturetropicalcyclonethatdevelopsinthewesternpartoftheNorthPacificOceanwithhighwindspeedandheavyrainfall,isoneofthemostlethalandcostlyofnaturaldisastersforthedenselypopulatedcountriesofEastAsia.Itcanbeeasilydetectedbyspace-bornesensorsoperatedatmicrowave,visibleorinfraredbands(Liuetal.,2014).SyntheticApertureRadar(SAR)is

简介：景观地图landscapemap表示地表多种自然地理要素的空间分布和规律的综合地图.环境地图environmentalmap反映自然环境、人类活动对自然环境的影响和环境对人类的危害及环境治理等内容的地图.

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简介：利用涌浪影响下短时段内的冲流带滩面高频高程数据和碎波带波流资料，在奇异谱分析（SSA）的基础上，以比研究了不同形态滩面的冲淤变化趋势、趋势分布形状、冲淤变化周期和冲淤变化强度，以及同一条剖面不同桩点间各因素间的变化关系：用交叉谱方法探索了每分钟滩面高频冲淤变化与碎波带长重力波间的作用关系。分析结果表明，滩角韵律地形引起的冲流分流作用促进了滩脊向滩谷的泥沙转运，冲流带滩面存在明显的长重力波频段的周期性冲淤振动，滩面冲淤振动强度由滩面下部向上部递减，碎波带长重力波对滩面高频冲淤变化起重要作用。

简介：TheeffectsofBacillussubtilis2-1fromtheintestineofhealthyseacucumberonthegrowth,digestiveenzymeactivitiesandintestinalmicrobiotaofjuvenileseacucumber(Apostichopusjaponicus)weredeterminedinthepresentstudy.SeacucumberwasfedwithSargassumthunbergiipowdersupplementedwithB.subtilis2-1atdifferentconcentrationsvaryingamong0(control),105,107,and109CFUg-1for8weeks.ResultsshowedthatthegrowthperformanceandintestinalamylaseandtrypsinactivitiesweresignificantlyincreasedbydietaryB.subtilis2-1at109CFUg?1(P<0.05).However,dietaryB.subtilis2-1hadnosignificantinfluenceonthelipaseactivityinseacucumber(P>0.05).Thepolymerasechainreactiondenaturinggradientgelelectrophoresisand16SrRNAgenesequencinganalysisindicatedthatdietaryB.subtilis2-1at105and107CFUg-1inhibitedmostoftheProteobacteriaincludingthoseingenusVibrio.DietaryB.subtilis2-1at109CFUg-1notonlydecreasedtheabundanceandspeciesofgenusVibrio,butalsoincreasedtheintensityofgeneraPsychrobacterandBacillus.AspecificdosageofdietaryB.subtilis2-1couldincreasethegrowthandmodulatetheintestinalmicrobiotaofseacucumber;thusitmightbeanovelprobioticforkeepingthehealthofseacucumber.

简介：Newsatellite-derivedlatentandsensibleheatfluxesareperformedbyusingWindSatwindspeed,WindSatseasurfacetemperature,theEuropeanCentreforMedium-rangeWeatherForecasting(ECMWF)airhumidity,andECMWFairtemperaturefrom2004to2014.The55mooredbuoysareusedtovalidatethembyusingthe30minand25kmcollocationwindow.Furthermore,theobjectivelyanalyzedair-seaheatfluxes(OAFlux)productsandtheNationalCentersforEnvironmentalPrediction-NationalCenterforAtmosphericResearchreanalysis2(NCEP2)productsarealsousedforglobalcomparisons.ThemeanbiasesofsensibleandlatentheatfluxesbetweenWindSatfluxresultsandbuoyfluxdataare–0.39and–8.09W/m~2,respectively.Inaddition,therootmean-square(RMS)errorsofthesensibleandlatentheatfluxesbetweenthemare5.53and24.69W/m~2,respectively.TheRMSerrorsofsensibleandlatentheatfluxesareobservedtograduallyincreasewithanincreasingbuoywindspeed.Thedifferenceshowsdifferentcharacteristicswithanincreasingseasurfacetemperature,airhumidity,andairtemperature.ThezonalaveragelatentfluxeshavesomehighregionswhicharemainlylocatedinthetradewindzoneswherestrongwindscarrydryairinJanuary,andthemaximumvaluecentersarefoundintheeasternwatersofJapanandontheUSeastcoast.Overall,theseasonalvariabilityispronouncedintheIndianOcean,thePacificOcean,andtheAtlanticOcean.Thethreesensibleandlatentheatfluxeshavesimilarlatitudinaldependencies;however,somedifferencesarefoundinsomelocalregions.

简介：Intertidalmarinemacroalgaeexperienceperiodicalexposuresduringlowtideduetotheirzonationaldistribution.ThedurationofsuchemersionleadstodifferentexposuresoftheplantstolightandaerialCO2,whichthenaffectthephysiologyofthemtodifferentextents.TheecophysiologicalresponsestolightandCO2wereinvestigatedduringemersionintworedalgaeGloiopeltisfurcataandGigartinaintermedia,andtwobrownalgaePetaloniafasciaandSargassumhemiphyllum,growingalongtheShantoucoastofChina.Thelight-saturatednetphotosynthesisinG.furcataandP.fasciashowedanincreasefollowedbyslightlydesiccation,whereasthatinG.intermediaandS.hemiphyllumexhibitedacontinuousdecreasewithwaterloss.Inaddition,theupper-zonatedG.furcataandP.fascia,exhibitedhigherphotosynthetictolerancetodesiccationandrequiredhigherlightleveltosaturatetheirphotosynthesisthanthelower-zonatedG.intermediaandS.hemiphyllum.Desiccationhadlesseffectondarkrespirationinthesefouralgaecomparedwithphotosynthesis.Thelight-saturatednetphotosynthesisincreasedwithincreasedCO2concentrations,beingsaturatedatCO2concentrationshigherthanthepresentatmosphericlevelinG.furcata,G.intermediaandS.hemiphyllumduringemersion.ItwasevidentthattherelativeenhancementofphotosynthesisbyelevatedCO2inthosethreealgaeincreased,thoughtheabsolutevaluesofphotosyntheticenhancementowingtoCO2increasewerereducedwhenthedesiccationstatusesbecamemoresevere.However,inthecaseofdesiccatedP.fascia(waterlossbeinggreaterthan20%),lightsaturatednetphotosynthesiswassaturatedwithcurrentambientatmosphericCO2level.ItisproposedthatincreasingatmosphericCO2willenhancethedailyphotosyntheticproductioninintertidalmacroalgaebyvariedextentsthatwererelatedtothespeciesandzonation.

简介：《海洋环境保护法》第89条第2款本身并非关于诉讼的直接规定,该款规定的内容也不符合民事公益诉讼的内涵特征,将该款解释为关于海洋环境民事公益诉讼的规定不利于我国立法内部的横向协调。我国司法实践总体上也不认可《海洋环境保护法》第89条第2款规定的内容属于海洋环境民事公益诉讼。《海洋环境保护法》第89条第2款应是关于损害赔偿请求权的特别规定,不是我国海洋环境民事公益诉讼的法律依据,相应的法律依据应是《环境保护法》第58条、《民事诉讼法》第55条以及相关司法解释。