简介：Thestressintensityfactor(SIF)isacriticalparameterassociatedwiththefracturebehaviourofmaterials.Inthispaper,weselectthedisplacementfunctionaroundacracktipastheshapefunctionofthedigitalimagecorrelation(DIC),whichmakesitpossibletodirectlycalculatetheSIFbythecorrelationscheme.Moreover,weuseanon-rectangularsubset,whichcanreducetheinfluenceofplasticdeformationandcrackwidthontheDICmeasurementaccuracy.WemeasuredtheSIFofamodeIcrackinasuper-hardaluminiumalloyspecimentoverifytheperformanceoftheproposedmethod.OurexperimentalresultsshowthataDICwithaspecificshapefunctioncanbeusedtoaccuratelyandefficientlycalculatetheSIF.Furthermore,wealsopresentapracticalapplicationofourproposedmethodfordeterminingtheSIF,crackpropagationangleandcracktipdisplacement.

简介：CombinedwithTRMMproductsandTropicalCyclone(TC)besttrackdatainNorthwestPacificfrom1January2003to31December2009,atotalof118TCs,including336instantaneousTCprecipitationobservationsareestablishedastheTRMMTCdatabase,andthedatabaseisstratifiedintofourintensityclassesaccordingtothestandardofTCintensityadoptedbyChinaMeteorologicalAdministration(CMA):SevereTropicalStorm(STS),Typhoon(TY),SevereTyphoon(STY)andSuperTyphoon(SuperTY).ForeachTCsnapshot,themeanrainfalldistributioniscomputedusing10-kmannulifromtheTCcentertoa300-kmradius,thentheaxisymmetriccomponentofTCrainfallisrepresentedbytheradialdistributionoftheazimuthalmeanrainrate;themeanrainrates,raintypesoccurrenceandcontributionproportionarecomputedforeachTCintensityclass;andthemeanquadrantaldistributionofrainratesalongTCsmotionisanalyzed.Theresultshowsthat:(1)TCsmeanrainratesincreasewiththeirintensityclasses,andtheirradialdistributionsshowsingle-peakcharacteristicgradually,andfurthermore,thecharacteristicsofrainratesoccurrenceandcontributionproportionchangefromdual-peaktosingle-peakdistribution,withthepeakrainrateatabout5.0mm/h;(2)Stratiformraindominatetheraintypeintheanalysiszone,whileconvectiverainmainlyoccurredintheeye-wallregion;(3)ThevaluesofmeanrainrateineachquadrantalongTCsmotionareclosetoeachother,relatively,thevalueintheright-rearquadrantisthesmallestone.

简介：TheHongKongObservatory(HKO)provideslow-levelturbulencealertingservicefortheHongKongInternationalAirport(HKIA)throughthewindshearandturbulencewarningsystem(WTWS).IntheWTWS,turbulenceintensitiesalongtheflightpathsoftheairportareestimatedbaseduponcorrelationequationsestablishedbetweenthesurfaceanemometerdataandtheturbulencedatafromresearchaircraftbeforetheopeningoftheairport.Theresearchaircraftdataarenotavailableonday-to-daybasis.Theremotesensingmeteorologicalinstruments,suchastheDopplerlightdetectionandranging(LIDAR)andradar,maybeusedtoprovidedirectmeasurementsofturbulenceintensitiesovertherunwaycorridors.TheperformancesofLIDAR-andradar-basedturbulenceintensitydataarestudiedinthispaperbasedonactualturbulenceintensitymeasurementsmadeon423commercialjetsforatypicalcaseofterrain-inducedturbulenceinassociationwithatyphoon.Itturnsoutthat,withthetuningoftherelativeoperatingcharacteristic(ROC)curvebetweenhitrateandfalsealarmrate,theLIDAR-basedturbulenceintensitymeasurementperformsbetterthantheanemometer-basedestimationofWTWSforturbulenceintensityatmoderatelevelorabove.Ontheotherhand,theradar-basedmeasurementdoesnotperformaswellwhencomparedwithWTWS.BycombiningLIDAR-andradar-basedmeasurements,theperformanceisslightlybetterthanWTWS,mainlyasaresultofcontributionfromLIDAR-basedmeasurement.Asaresult,theLIDAR-basedturbulenceintensitymeasurementcouldbeusedtoreplaceanemometer-basedestimatefornon-rainyweatherconditions.Furtherenhancementsofradar-basedturbulenceintensitymeasurementinrainwouldbenecessary.

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简介：当它与季风旋回交往了时，台风Chan-Hom(2015)经历了一在热带西方的诺思太平洋(WNP)变弱，但是所有运作的预报没能预言这个紧张变化。最近的观察研究显示它在15-30-daytimescale上源于它和季风旋回的相互作用。在这研究，二个数字实验的结果被介绍在台风Chan-Hom(2015)的紧张变化上调查季风旋回的影响。控制实验捕获Chan-Hom(2015)的变弱的进程的主要观察特征在期间一向北方突然地上交菲律宾的海包括眼睛尺寸的增大，季风旋回的东方方面上的强壮的传送对流的开发，和相应强壮的外部流入。敏感实验建议Chan-Hom(2015)的紧张变化主要与它和季风旋回的相互作用被联系。当Chan-Hom(2015)开始向西搬到季风旋回的东方部分时，季风旋回为台风的增强提高了惯性的稳定性。与它有季风旋回的结合，季风旋回的东方方面上的强壮的传送对流的发展阻止了潮湿和团，导致eyewall的倒塌进入Chan-Hom(2015)的内部核心。因此，变弱发生在深热带的WNP区域。数字模拟在热带气旋紧张上证实在热带气旋和季风旋回之间的相互作用的重要效果。

简介：Allogeneicstemcelltransplantation(allo-SCT)isapotentialcureforpatientswithmalignantlymphomathatisbasedonthegraft-versus-lymphoma(GVL)effect.Myeloablativeconditioningallo-SCTisassociatedwithhighmortalityandmorbidity,particularlyinpatientsolderthan45years,heavilypretreatedpatients(priorhematopoieticstemcelltransplantationormorethantwolinesofconventionalchemotherapy)orpatientsaffectedbyothercomorbidities.Therefore,conventionalallo-SCTisrestrictedtoyoungerpatients(<50to55years)ingoodphysicalcondition.Overthelastdecade,allo-SCTwithreduced-intensityconditioning(RIC-allo-SCT)hasbeenincreasinglyusedtotreatpatientswithlymphoma.Thistreatmentisassociatedwithlowertoxicityandsubstantialdecreaseintheincidenceoftransplant-relatedmortality,andhasthepotentialtoleadtolong-termremissions.Therefore,patientswhoarenotsuitabletoundergoconventionalallo-SCTcanbenefitfromthepotentiallycurativeGVLeffectsofallo-SCT.AlthoughRIC-allo-SCThasimprovedthesurvivaloflymphomapatients,highpost-transplantrelapseratesordiseaseprogressionmainlyresultsintreatmentfailure.Thus,furtherimprovementisclearlyneeded.TheroleandtimingofRIC-allo-SCTinthetreatmentoflymphomaremainsunclear.Therefore,moreprospectivestudiesshouldclarifytheeffectivenessofthismethod.Inthisarticle,wereviewtherecentliteratureonRIC-allo-SCTasatreatmentformajorlymphomasubtypes.Areasthatrequirefurtherinvestigationinthecontextofclinicaltrialsarealsohighlighted.

简介：ThisstudyanalyzestheIshii700mheatcontent(HC)intheSouthChinaSea(SCS).Duringthe1978-2012period,theHCintheSCSchangeddramaticallyoninterannualtimescales.Threemainfindingsemergedfromtheanalysis.1)Thefirstspatialpatternoftheempiricalorthogonalfunction(EOF1)wasconsistentlydistributedovermostoftheSCS,whereasthatofthesecondempiricalorthogonalfunction(EOF2)showedadipolesignal.2)TheHCanomaliesintheSCSwerecloselyrelatedtotheSCSsummermonsoonintensity.WhentheHCovermostoftheSCSincreased(decreased)inpreviouswinter,theSCSsummermonsoonwasstrengthened(weakened).Therefore,theHCbehaviorintheSCSduringpreviouswintercanwellpredicttheintensityoftheSCSsummermonsoon.3)HCanomaliesintheSCSlargelyinfluencethemonsoonandWalkercirculations,inturnaffectingthewesternPacificsubtropicalhighandfinallytheSCSsummermonsoon.

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简介：Byusingthefinite-partintegralconceptsandlimittechnique,thehypersingularinte-grodifferentialequationsofthree-dimensional(3D)planarinterfacecrackwereobtained;thenthedominant-partanalysisof2Dhypersingularintegralwasfurtherusedtoinvestigatethestressfieldsnearthecrackfronttheoretically,andtheaccurateformulaewereobtainedforthesingularstressfieldsandthecomplexstressintensityfactors.Afterthat,anumericalmethodisproposedtosolvethehyper-singularintegrodifferentialequationsof3Dplanarinterfacecrack,andtheproblemofellipticalplanarcrackisthenconsideredtoshowtheapplicationofthemethod.Thenumericalresultsobtainedaresat-isfactory.

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简介：学习乍见陆地在二上被执行台风Haitang和Matsa，它在2005严重影响了浙江省。第一，二导致台风的大雨的类似和差别被比较，他们俩带了强壮的大规模降水，降雨的最大的中心位于北方方面，这被指出乍见陆地地点。在福建上乍见陆地做，Haitang是比在紧张的Matsa弱的，但是在降雨超过了它。然后与紧张，动人的速度，台风的结构，发行量和地面的焦点，二台风相关的大雨被比较并且分析。降雨的不均匀的分发是的结果表演仔细与台风的结构有关自己，潮湿交通和mesoscale地面。与南方方面相对照，北方方面更热、更湿，水蒸汽也是更丰富的。Haitang导致的更多的降雨的现象与下列原因相关。降雨增加的导致的入侵的冷空气，削弱的动态领域和更慢的运动两个都有益于降水。为最后部分，在浙江上的空气质量的冷特征也是为雨的一个有利因素。

简介：用自发在变换，数技术的极化柱子选择和巧合下面参量，极化Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen(EPR)纠缠了状态被准备。有不同的泵激光紧张的效率，对比和忠实上的试验性的研究系统地被执行。结果证明泵激光紧张清楚地影响纠缠的光子，特别对比和忠实的质量。在另一方面，纠缠的光子的泵效率是几乎不变的，也就是，纠缠的来源亮度随泵激光力量的增加线性地增加。

简介：分层的媒介正常模式理论很好在最后世纪的中间被建立了，但是很少注意对粒子速度地被给予了。对压力地和粒子速度的联合描述在Pekeris回答波导，特别垂直声学的紧张流动在这份报纸被建议。学习的结果两个都显示出那水平并且垂直声学的紧张流动因为在正常模式之间的干扰，有活跃、反应的部件。当一个声学的向量传感器适当地被放时，在低频率的垂直声学的紧张流动的反应部件声学的地能被用来看出来源指定了深度，尽管它不能搬运energy.Then，垂直声学的紧张流动的反应部件具有为向量信号处理的重要性。压力和粒子速度十字系列信号处理算法被建议区分目标。

简介：Thebesttrackdataoftropicalcyclones(TCs)providedbyRegionalSpecializedMeteorologicalCenter(RSMC)TokyofortheSouthChinaSea(SCS)from1977to2007areemployedtostudythespatiotemporalvariations(foraperiodof12hours)andtherapid(slow)intensification(RI/SI)ofTCswithdifferentintensity.Themainresultsareasfollows.(1)Overthisperiod,thetropicalstorms(TSs)andseveretropicalstorms(STSs)mostlyintensifyoraresteadywhilethetyphoons(TYs)mostlyweaken.ThestrongeraTCisinitially,themoreobservationofitsintensificationandthelessitsvariabilitywillbe;themoreobservationofitsweakeningis,thelargeritsvariabilitywillbe.(2)TheTCintensifiesthefastestat0000UTCwhileweakeningthefastestat1200UTC.(3)Intheintensifyingstate,TSs,STSs,andTYsaremainlyactiveinthenortheastern,central-eastern,andcentralSCSrespectively.TheweakeningcasesmainlydistributeoverwaterseastoffHainanIslandandVietnamandwestoffthePhilippines.SomecasesofTSsandSTSsweakenoverthecentralSCS.(4)TheRIcasesformfarthersouthincontrasttotheSIcases.TheRIcasesareobservedinregionswherethereareweakerverticalshearandeasterlycomponentsat200hPa.TheRIcasesalsohavestrongermid-andlower-levelwarm-corestructureandsmallerradiiof15.4m/swinds.TheSIcaseshaveslightlyhigherSST.

简介：土壤质量是在城市的公园的管理的一颗主要担心。在这研究，在0–3的土壤，3–13，和13–23厘米，深度从六个城市的公园被取样，在重建紧张不同(主要，变化在自然森林的变换期间转变为公共用地)在珍珠河三角洲，中国将决定重建紧张怎么在潮湿的副热带的环境在城市的公园的土壤影响了使发酸和重金属层次的程度。高重建紧张(HRI)在三个另外的公园里在三个公园和低重建紧张(LRI)里被练习。LRI土壤是强烈到极其酸(与低可交换的Ca，Mg，和K集中)当HRI土壤是更不酸的时。重金属与特定的管理惯例有关并且公园变老，但是没在LRI和HRI公园之间或在土壤深度之中显著地不同的土壤的全部、可引出的集中。土壤pH是显著地与土壤有关可交换的阳离子集中和基础浸透但是弱相关或无关玷污重金属层次。我们的结果建议那高紧张然而并非低紧张重建显著地在潮湿的副热带的环境在城市的公园里减少土壤使发酸的程度。

简介：Experimentsarereportedontheeffectsofflowintensity,obstaclealignmentandcross-sectiongeometryontheequilibriumscourdeptharoundabutments.Theeffectofflowintensitywasstudiedforclearwaterflowconditions,theobstaclealignmentwasstudiedforawiderangeofanglesoftheobstaclewiththeflowdirection,andtestsonthecross-sectiongeometryapplyonlytothecasewheretheabutmentextendsintothemainchannelofacompoundcross-section(two-stagechannel).Thechannelbankandfloodplainwerebuiltupwithsand.Thehypothesisofzeroscourforflowvelocitiessmallerthanapproximately50%ofthethresholdvelocityforthebeginningofmotionintheapproachingflowcannotberejected;maximumscouroccursforobstaclesprotrudingatrightanglefromthecross-sectionwalls,thereductionbeingsmallwhenobstaclespointupstream;comparedwithrigidbanks,thescourdepthseemstobesignificantlyreducedwhenchannelbankandfloodplainareconstitutedofalluvialmaterial.

简介：Four-wavemixing,aswellasitsinducedintensitynoise,isharmfultowavelengthdivisionmultiplexingsystems.Theefficiencyandtherelativeintensitynoiseoffour-wavemixingarenumericallysimulatedforthetwo-waveandthethree-wavefibertransmissions.Itisfoundthattheefficiencydecreaseswiththeincreaseofboththefrequencyspacingandthefiberlength,whichcanbeexplainedusingthequasi-phase-matchingcondition.Furthermore,therelativeintensitynoisedecreaseswiththeincreaseoffrequencyspacing,whileitincreaseswiththeincreaseoffiberlength,whichisduetotheconsiderablepowerlossofthepumplight.Thisinvestigationpresentsagoodreferenceforthepracticalapplicationofwavelengthdivisionmultiplexingsystems.

简介：Thepost-earthquakerapidaccurateassessmentofmacroinfluenceofseismicgroundmotionisofsignificanceforearthquakeemergencyrelief,post-earthquakereconstructionandscientificresearch.TheseismicintensitydistributionmapreleasedbytheLushanearthquakefieldteamoftheChinaEarthquakeAdministration(CEA)fivedaysafterthestrongearthquake(M7.0)occurredinLushanCountyofSichuanYa’anCityat8:02onApril20,2013providesascientificbasisforemergencyrelief,economiclossassessmentandpost-earthquakereconstruction.Inthispaper,themeansforblindestimationofmacroscopicintensity,fieldestimationofmacrointensity,andreviewofintensity,aswellascorrespondingproblemsarediscussedindetail,andtheintensitydistributioncharacteristicsoftheLushan'4.20'M7.0earthquakeanditsinfluentialfactorsareanalyzed,providingareferenceforfutureseismicintensityassessments.

简介：一根双横梁在红外线附近的分光计被开发在紧张补偿水吸收和仪器的飘移。分光计可以被用于单个、双的横梁大小，并且二个操作模式被比较。结果证明双横梁技术在单个横梁测量消除仪器的飘移，因此，系统的稳定性增加超过20%。水吸收上的双横梁系统的赔偿被胖内容的测量在牛奶验证。结果证明光谱数据比传统的单个横梁模式基于两倍横梁模式得到更好的刻度模型和更低的预言错误。CLC数字TH744.1-TN219-O433.1这个工作被中国(号码2004BA706B12)和天津(No.023800411)的自然科学关键基础的第10五个年计划支持。