简介：Moreaccurateestimationofcropevapotranspiration(ETc)inaregionalscalehasalwaysbeenoneofthemostimportantchallenges.TemporalandspatialmonitoringofETcusingsatelliteimagescanhelptoenhanceaccuracyofestimations.Inthisstudy,the(ETc)ricemapswereproducedbyusingstatistical/experimentalmethodsbasedoncropcoefficient(Kc)mapsderivedfromvegetationindex(VI).Kcwasestimatedusingfourmethods,includinglinearrelationshipbetweenKcandVI(Kc-VI),calibratedmodelofKc-VI,linearrelationshipbetweenKcb(thebasalcropcoefficient)andVI(Kcb-VI),andcalibratedmodelofKcb-VI.TheresultsshowedthatcalibratedmodelofKc-VIhadabetterperformancecomparedtotheothermethods,withnormalizedrootmeansquareerrors(NRMSE),meanabsoluteerrorandrootmeansquareerrorbeing5.7%,0.05mm/dand0.06mm/d,respectively.(ETc)ricemapswereproducedbyusingcalibratedmodelofKc-VIandreferenceevapotranspiration(ET0)fromFAOPenman-Monteithmethod.TheNRMSEwas21.3%forusingFAOPenman-Monteithmethod.Therefore,calibratedKc-VImodelincombiningwithET0basedontheLandsat7ETM+imagescouldbeprovidedagoodestimationof(ETc)riceinregionalscale,andcanbeappliedtoestimatewaterrequirementduetothefreeandfacilitateaccess.

简介：雪深度(SD)是为对全球气候变化和陆地表面过程的研究的一个关键参数。一个方法被开发获得每日的SD图象在一更高4km有从在situ观察和扫描辐射计曙光女神(AMSR-E)的先进微波的被动微波遥感的SD大小和交互Multisensor的雪盖子大小的空间分辨率和更高的精确下雪并且冰印射系统(IMS)。在25km的AMSR-ESD空间分辨率从雪密度和用SD从在situ观察和IMS雪盖子相等然后改正的雪水的AMSR-E产品被检索。改正的AMSR-ESD图象然后被重新取样充当在situ观察到虚拟与结合在situ观察真实在4km插入内推用Cressman的空间分辨率SD方法。最后，为中国的几个区域的每日的SD数据产生证明方法很好与一个更低的数字举起模型(DEM)一起在区域被适合到更高空间的分辨率SD数据的产生然而并非井因此在高高度并且与波动的地面适合到区域，例如西藏的高原。为在北Xinjiang的在2003和2010之间的1月的更长的时间时期SD数据产生的分析也表明了方法的可行性。

简介：Basedonthecasestudiesandstatisticalanalysisofearthquake-relatedionosphericdisturbancesmainlyfromDEMETERsatellite,ground-basedGPSandionosoundingdata,thispapersummarizesthestatisticalcharacteristicsofearthquake-relatedionosphericdisturbances,includingelectromagneticemissions,plasmaperturbationsandvariationofenergeticparticleflux.AccordingtothemainresultsdonebyChinesescientists,fusingwiththeexistedstudyfromglobalresearches,seismo-ionosphericdisturbancesusuallyoccurredafewdaysorhoursbeforeearthquakeoccurrence.Parallelingtothesecasestudies,lithosphere-atmosphere-ionosphere(LAI)couplingmechanismsarecheckedandoptimized.Athermo-electricmodelwasproposedtoexplaintheseismo-electromagneticeffectsbeforeearthquakes.Apropagationmodelwasputforwardtoexplaintheelectromagneticwavesintotheionosphere.Accordingtotherequirementofearthquakepredictionresearch,Chinaseismo-electromagneticsatellite,thefirstspace-basedplatformofChineseearthquakestereoscopicobservationsystem,isproposedandplannedtolaunchatabouttheendof2014.ItfocusesoncheckingtheLAImodelanddistinguishingearthquake-relatedionosphericdisturbance.ThepreliminarydesignforthesatellitewilladoptCAST-2000platformwitheightpayloadsonboard.Itisbelievedthatthesatellitewillworktogetherwiththegroundmonitoringnetworktoimprovethecapabilitytocaptureseismo-electromagneticinformation,whichisbeneficialforearthquakemonitoringandpredictionresearches.

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简介：Inthisstudy,about220satelliteimagesbetween2000and2012wereobtainedfromFY-series,MODIS,CBERS,HJ-1AandHJ-1BtoestimatetheimpactofduststormsontheSouthYellowSea(SYS),whichserveasanimportantsourceofparticlesthere.Theanalyzingresultsfromtheimagessupportatotaloccurrenceof88duststorms(includingthelocally-generateddustyweather)thataffectedtheSYSduring2000–2012.Theannualoccurrencewasabout4–10times(10timesin2000and2004;fourtimesin2009and2012),predominantlyinMarch(29%),April(33%)andMay(22%).Bymappingthedistributionoftheirfrequency,theduststormsinfluencingtheSYSwerefoundprimarilymovingfromthenorthwest(39times,44.3%)andwest(37times,42%)tothestudyregionwithonly11duststorms(12.5%)comingfromthenorthand1duststorm(1%)fromthesouthwest.Weestimatedthatanannualamountof0.5–3.5milliontonsofsedimentparticleswasbroughttotheSYSbytheduststormsduring2000–2012.

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简介：ThispaperpresentsapreliminaryresultontheretrievalofatmosphericozoneprofilesusinganimprovedregressiontechniqueandutilizingthedatafromtheAtmosphericInfraRedSounder(AIRS),ahyper-spectralinstrumentexpectedtobeflownontheEOS-AQUAplatformin2002.SimulatedAIRSspectrawereusedtostudythesensitivityofAIRSradianceonthetroposphericandstratosphericozonechanges,andtostudytheimpactofvariouschannelcombinationsontheozoneprofileretrieval.SensitivitystudyresultsindicatethattheAIRShighresolutionspectralchannelsbetweenthewavenumber650-800cm-1provideveryusefulinformationtoaccuratelyretrievetroposphericandstratosphericozoneprofiles.EigenvectordecompositionofAIRSspectraindicatethatnomorethan100eigenvectorsareneededtoretrieveveryaccurateozoneprofiles.TheaccuracyoftheretrievedatmosphericozoneprofilefromthepresenttechniqueandutilizingtheAIRSdatawascomparedwiththeaccuracyobtainedfromcurrentAdvancedTIROSOperationalVerticalSounder(ATOVS)dataaboardNationalOceanicandAtmosphericAdministration(NOAA)satellites.Asexpected,acomparisonofretrievalresultsconfirmsthattheozoneprofileretrievedwiththeAIRSdataissuperiortothatofATOVS.

简介：在现在的文章，我们介绍产品每天由海洋科技(KIOST)的朝鲜研究所产生了的高分辨率海表面温度(SST)。SST产品包括1km分辨率的八小时、每日的平均SST数据由数据的四个集合组成，并且基于四红外线(红外)卫星SST数据由先进很高的分辨率辐射计(AVHRR)获得了，中等分辨率成像分光辐射函数(MODIS)，多功能的运输Satellites-2(MTSAT-2)成像器和气象学的成像器，扫描辐射计2的先进微波(AMSR2)获得的二微波辐射计SST，和WindSAT与(MI)在原处温度这些输入卫星并且在原处，SST数据被使用最佳的插值(OI)合并算法。卫星并且在原处的root-mean-square-errors(RMSE)数据在OI算法被用作weighting价值。作为一个飞行员产品，四个SST数据集合每天从1月被产生到2013年12月。在在系在的浮标测量的SST和每天吝啬的KIOSTSST之间的比较，估计的RMSE是0.71yconcentr睰?睰吗？？

简介：在在几个典型天气条件下面的北京和Xianghe上的喷雾器光性质(晴朗天空，轻薄雾，重污染和灰尘暴风雨)从新辟的低地(地球的反射的极化和Directionality)被导出/PARASOL(为大气的科学的反射的极化和Anisotropy从一架激光雷达结合了观察)用在这求婚了的一个更可靠的检索算法的多方向性的、多光谱的极化的信号糊。结果与新辟的低地/阳伞组和基于地面的AERONET(喷雾器机器的网络)的运作的检索算法的那些相比/PHOTONS(PHOtométrie倒leTraitementOpérationaldeNormalisationSatellitaire)大小。光参数从改进算法导出的喷雾器与AERONET/PHOTONS测量同意很好，这被显示出。喷雾器的检索精确性光厚度(AOT)和有效半径分别地是0.06和0.05μm，它接近或比要求的精确性好(0.04为为有效半径的AOT和0.1μm)为估计直接强迫的喷雾器。

简介：Remote-sensingdataforprotectedareasinnorthernTogo,obtainedinthreedifferentyears(2007,2000,and1987),wereusedtoassessandmapchangesinlandcoverandlanduseforthisdroughtpronezone.Thenormalizeddifferencevegetationindex(NDVI)wasappliedtotheimagestomapchangesinvegetation.Anunsupervisedclassification,followedbyclassesrecoding,filtering,identifications,areacomputingandpost-classificationprocesswereappliedtothecompositeofthethreeyearsofNDVIimages.Maximumlikelihoodclassificationwasappliedtothe2007image(ETM+2007)usingasupervisedclassificationprocess.Sevenvegetationclassesweredefinedfromtrainingdatasets.Thesevenclassesincludedthefollowingbiomes:riparianforest,dryforest,floodedvegetation,woodedsavanna,fallows,parkland,andwater.Fortheseclasses,theoverallaccuracyandtheoverallkappastatisticfortheclassifiedmapwere72.5%and0.67,respectively.Dataanalysesindicatedagreatchangeinlandresources;especiallybetween1987and2000probablyduetotheimpactofdemocratizationprocesssocial,economic,andpoliticaldisorderfrom1990.Wide-scalelossofvegetationoccurredduringthisperiod.However,areasofvegetationclearingandregrowthweremorevisiblebetween2000and2007.Themainsourceofconfusioninthecontingencymatrixwasduetoheterogeneitywithincertainclasses.Itcouldalsobeduetospectralhomogeneityamongtheclasses.Thisresearchprovidesabaselineforfutureecologicallandscaperesearchandforthenextmanagementprograminthearea.

简介：Aschemeisproposedtoelevatethelimitationofthegroundapplicationsystemofmono-satellite-sensorundertherequirementofremotesensingsatellitegroundapplicationsystem.Intheresource-sharing,forinstancecaculatingresource,asimplephototypeofcaculating-resourceisproposedthroughanalyzingresourceassignment,applicationassignment,bodystructure,andsoon.Inordertoimprovetheabilityofassignment,realizethefavorableutility,management,andmaintenance,thephototypeisimprovedbyusingdatagridcalculationaccordingtotherequirementandcharacterofactualapplication.Thephototypecanbetakenasthefoundationofcalculationframeofremotesensinggroundapplicationsystemofmulti-satelliteandmulti-sensor.

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简介：TheseasonalvariabilityofcloudopticaldepthovernorthwesternChinaderivedfromCloudsandtheEarth'sRadiantEnergySystem(CERES)SingleScannerFootprint(SSF)AquaModerateResolutionImagingSpectroradiometer(MODIS)Edition1BdatafromJuly2002toJune2004ispresented.TheregionsofinterestarethosewithAsiamonsooninfluence,theTianshanandQilianMountains,andtheTaklimakanDesert.TheresultsshowthattheinstantaneousmeasurementspresentedherearemuchhigherthanthepreviousresultsderivedfromInternationalSatelliteCloudClimatologyProject(ISCCP)D2monthlymeandata.Generallythemeasurementsofcloudopticaldeptharethehighestinsummerandthelowestinwinter,however,TaklimakanDeserthasthelowestmeasurementsinautumn.TheregionalvariationisquitesignificantovernorthwesternChina.

简介：中等范围的天气的欧洲中心从微波手足更健全的、高分辨率动力学手足预报重新分析过渡期间(时代过渡期间)气象学和大小更健全，并且在观察系统气味卫星的地球上监视仪器的臭氧被使用分析截止的动态、化学的特征低(关口)在在七月初2007的东北中国上的事件。结果在100300hPa显示出上层的温暖核心的气旋的极的同温层的起源，与塑造漏斗的对流顶层侵入进联系了就在COL中心上面中间对流层。列臭氧和臭氧侧面上的同温层的侵入的影响用卫星大小被调查。当COL的紧张在2007年7月10日达到顶点时，全部的列臭氧(TCO)增加到达了最大值(4070杜)。这能动态地被归因于两个对流顶层(75%)的降下并且向下越过对流顶层(25%)同温层的臭氧搬运。tropospheric臭氧侧面的分析在关口中心前在上层的前面区域附近越过对流顶层为充满臭氧的同温层的空气的不可逆的搬运/混合提供了证据。这臭氧侵入由上面的tropospheric风经历了下游的运输，导致由在从向经由南朝鲜的北日本海的华东延长的宽广区域上的1216杜的TCO的另外的增加。气象学的分析也在中间和更低的对流层在气旋的发展前显示出同温层的侵入的领先。

简介：当microsatellite技术发展，精确内部卫星的测量在分布式的卫星系统显示出它的意义。在这封信，一种新奇技术为测量内部卫星的距离被建议，它采用optoelectronic回声并且有功能自我引用。回声洞有高度光谱纯净和高摆动频率。由利用积聚的扩大原则把距离的测量变换成频率的，高精确性被完成。在实验，这个测量计划有在1和6km之间的一个大测量范围(能潜在地更大)，并且精确性比1.5m好。相对精确性到达1010的水平。

简介：由黑身体温度(TBB)五的统计分析的结果在5月的时期从日本公克意味着到8月，1980-2002，夏季风索引的表演(SMI)被定义是五平均数TBB≤273K。它的紧张包括三个层次：为弱季风，为正常季风的268K≥TBB>263K和为在华南海和东亚上的强壮的季风的TBB≤263K的TBB>268K。同时，用TBB五异例的一个诊断方法也被介绍帮助识别季风紧张。SMI被用来与一年和月运用季风和它的五变化的起始的发作的统计分析。Afairly靠近的关系在1994和1998的二典型洪水年里在五季风活动和重降雨时期之间被发现，它在YangtzeRiverbasin和华南上源于重降雨。

简介：Anewcomputationalprocedureforderivationofmarinegeoidona2.5′×2.5′gridinanon-tidalsystemovertheSouthChinaSeaandthePhilippineSeafrommulti-satellitealtimeterseasurfaceheightsisdiscussed.Single-anddual-satellitecrossoverswereperformed,andcomponentsofdeflectionsoftheverticalweredeterminedatthecrossoverpositionsusingSand-well'scomputationaltheory,andgriddedontoa2.5′×2.5′resolutiongridbyemployingtheShepard'sinterpolationprocedure.2.5′×2.5′gridofEGM96-derivedcomponentsofdeflectionsoftheverticalandgeoidheightswerethenusedasreferenceglobalgeopotentialmodelquantitiesinaremove-restoreproceduretoimplementtheMolodensky-likeformulavia1D-FFTtechniquetopredictthegeoidheightsovertheSouthChinaSeaandthePhilippineSeafromthegriddedaltimeter-derivedcomponentsofdeflec-tionsofthevertical.Statisticalcomparisonsbetweenthealtimeter-andtheEGM96-derivedgeoidheightsshowedthattherewasaroot-mean-squareagreementof±0.35mbetweentheminaregionoflesstectonicallyactivegeologicalstructures.However,overareasoftectonicallyactivestructuressuchasthePhilippinetrench,differencesofabout-19.9mwereobtained.

简介：三个功能的模特儿，多项式，光谱分析，和修改AR当模特儿，基于从双向卫星时间和频率转移导出的数据顺序在恰当、预言的钟偏差被学习并且比较。柔韧的当量被使用，它控制无关的观察的重要影响。一些结论证明柔韧的评价的预言精确比LS的好。从弄平的观察计算的预言精确比从采样观察计算了高。作为在钟偏差顺序的明显的时期变化的一个计数，多项式模型的预言的价值是难以置信的。光谱分析模型的预言精确是很低的，但是主要时期能是坚定的。6小时的推测间隔的预言RMS是1ns左右，当修改AR模型被使用时。

简介：Purpose:Theobjectiveofthepresentstudywastodeterminewhetheradenervatedmuscleextract(DmEx)couldstimulatesatellitecellresponseindenervatedmuscle.Methods:Wistarratsweredividedinto4groups:normalrats,normalratstreatedwithDmEx,denervatedrats,anddenervatedratstreatedwithDmEx.Thesoleusmuscleswereexaminedusingimmunohistochemicaltechniquesforproliferatingcellnuclearantigen,desmin,andmyogenicdifferentiationantigen(MyoD),andelectronmicroscopywasusedforanalysisofthesatellitecells.Results:Theresultsindicatethatwhiledenervationcausesactivationofsatellitecells,DmExalsoinducesmyogenicdifferentiationofcellslocalizedintheinterstitialspaceandtheformationofnewmusclefibers.AlthoughDmExhadasimilareffectinnatureoninnervatedanddenervatedmuscles,thisresponsewasofgreatermagnitudeindenervatedvs.intactmuscles.Conclusion:OurstudyshowsthattreatmentofdenervatedratswithDmExpotentiatesthemyogenicresponseinatrophicdenervatedmuscles.