简介：TheHY-1AsatelliteisthefirstoceanicsatelliteofChina.Duringthewinterof2002～2003,thedataoftheHY-1AwereappliedtotheseaicemonitoringandforecastingfortheBohaiSeaofChinaforthefirsttime.TheseaiceretrievalsystemoftheHY-1Ahasbeenconstructed.Itreceives1Bdatafromthesatellite,outputsseaiceimagesandprovidesdigitalproductsoficeconcentration,icethicknessandiceedge,whichcanbeusedasimportantinformationforseaicemonitoringandtheinitialfieldsofthenumericseaiceforecastandasoneofthereferencedatafortheseaiceforecastingverification.Theseaiceretrievalsystemofthesatelliteisdescribed,includingitsprocesses,methodsandparameters.TheretrievingresultsandtheirapplicationtotheseaicemonitoringandforecastingfortheBohaiSeaarealsodiscussed.

简介：Animprovedabsolutecalibrationtechnologybasedonindirectmeasurementswasdevelopedthroughtwoprobativeexperiments,theperformanceofwhichwasevaluatedbyapplyingtheapproachtoinsituseasurfaceheight(SSH)attheTianhengIsland(tidalgauge)andthesatellitenadir(GPSbuoy).UsingGeoid/MSS(meanseasurface)data,whichaccountedforaconstantoffsetbetweennadirandonshoretidalgaugewaterlevels,andTMD(tidalmodeldriver),whichcanceledoutthetime-varyingoffsets,nadirSSH(seasurfaceheight)couldbeindirectlyacquiredatanonshoretidalgaugeinsteadoffromdirectoffshoreobservation.TheapproachextrapolatedtheonshoreSSHouttotheoffshorenadirwithanaccuracyof(1.88±0.20)cmandastandarddeviationof3.3cm,whichsuggestedthattheapproachpresentedwasfeasibleinabsolutealtimetercalibration/validation(Cal/Val),andtheapproachenormouslyfacilitatedtheobtainingSSHfromtheoffshorenadir.

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简介：Theseasonalvariabilityofthesignificantwaveheight(SWH)intheSouthChinaSea(SCS)isinvestigatedusingthemostup-to-dategriddeddailyaltimeterdatafortheperiodofSeptember2009toAugust2015.TheresultsindicatethattheSWHshowsauniformseasonalvariationinthewholeSCS,withitsmaximaoccurringinDecember/JanuaryandminimainMay.Throughouttheyear,theSWHintheSCSisthelargestaroundLuzonStrait(LS)andthengraduallydecreasessouthwardacrossthebasin.Thesurfacewindspeedhasasimilarseasonalvariation,butwithdifferentspatialdistributionsinmostmonthsoftheyear.FurtheranalysisindicatesthattheobservedSWHvariationsaredominatedbyswell.Thewindseaheight,however,ismuchsmaller.ItisthethelargestintworegionssouthwestofTaiwanIslandandsoutheastofVietnamCoastduringthenortheasterlymonsoon,whilethelargestinthecentral/southernSCSduringthesouthwesterlymonsoon.Theextremewaveconditionalsoexperiencesasignificantseasonalvariation.InmostregionsofthenorthernandcentralSCS,themaximaofthe99thpercentileSWHthatarelargerthantheSWHtheoreticallycalculatedwiththewindspeedforthefullydevelopedseasmainlyappearinAugust–November,closelyrelatedtostrongtropicalcycloneactivities.Comparedwithpreviousstudies,itisalsoimpliedthatthewaveclimateinthePacificOceanplaysanimportantroleinthewaveclimatevariationsintheSCS.

简介：Inthisstudy,about220satelliteimagesbetween2000and2012wereobtainedfromFY-series,MODIS,CBERS,HJ-1AandHJ-1BtoestimatetheimpactofduststormsontheSouthYellowSea(SYS),whichserveasanimportantsourceofparticlesthere.Theanalyzingresultsfromtheimagessupportatotaloccurrenceof88duststorms(includingthelocally-generateddustyweather)thataffectedtheSYSduring2000–2012.Theannualoccurrencewasabout4–10times(10timesin2000and2004;fourtimesin2009and2012),predominantlyinMarch(29%),April(33%)andMay(22%).Bymappingthedistributionoftheirfrequency,theduststormsinfluencingtheSYSwerefoundprimarilymovingfromthenorthwest(39times,44.3%)andwest(37times,42%)tothestudyregionwithonly11duststorms(12.5%)comingfromthenorthand1duststorm(1%)fromthesouthwest.Weestimatedthatanannualamountof0.5–3.5milliontonsofsedimentparticleswasbroughttotheSYSbytheduststormsduring2000–2012.

简介：在现在的文章，我们介绍产品每天由海洋科技(KIOST)的朝鲜研究所产生了的高分辨率海表面温度(SST)。SST产品包括1km分辨率的八小时、每日的平均SST数据由数据的四个集合组成，并且基于四红外线(红外)卫星SST数据由先进很高的分辨率辐射计(AVHRR)获得了，中等分辨率成像分光辐射函数(MODIS)，多功能的运输Satellites-2(MTSAT-2)成像器和气象学的成像器，扫描辐射计2的先进微波(AMSR2)获得的二微波辐射计SST，和WindSAT与(MI)在原处温度这些输入卫星并且在原处，SST数据被使用最佳的插值(OI)合并算法。卫星并且在原处的root-mean-square-errors(RMSE)数据在OI算法被用作weighting价值。作为一个飞行员产品，四个SST数据集合每天从1月被产生到2013年12月。在在系在的浮标测量的SST和每天吝啬的KIOSTSST之间的比较，估计的RMSE是0.71yconcentr睰?睰吗？？

简介：降雨在海表面上有二重要效果，包括咸度减少并且表面变得更不平，它在L乐队海表面放射率上有进一步的影响。用宝瓶座和TRMM3B42配对数据集的调查显示检索的海表面咸度(SSS)被现在的宝瓶座算法与数字模型产量相比低估，特别在高雨率的情况下。例如，当雨率是25mm/h时，在观察卫星的SSS之间的偏爱和数字模型SSS是约2。偏爱能被财务为导致雨的粗糙消除，它被产生雨的戒指波浪光谱通常建模。雨光谱将是进为雨影响的海表面放射率的模拟的小斜坡近似(SSA)模型的输入。与理论模型一起的比较显示对更合适的雨spectrumis的实验模型在模拟被使用。进一步，雨光谱的系数被与2year宝瓶座和TRMM配对数据集的观察适合模拟修改。计算证实海表面放射率以风速度和雨率增加。雨率导致的增加在低雨率和低风速度的情况中是快速的。最后，包括雨光谱的海表面放射率的一个修改模型被在2014年5月使用配对数据集建议并且验证。与观察相比，导致雨的海表面放射率的偏爱近似由修改modelis模仿了1e4,和RMSE比1e3稍微大。与使用更多的配对数据，在模型之间的thebias检索了海表面咸度和observationsmay进一步被改正，并且RMSE可以在低雨率和低风速度的情况中被归结为不到1。

简介：Newsatellite-derivedlatentandsensibleheatfluxesareperformedbyusingWindSatwindspeed,WindSatseasurfacetemperature,theEuropeanCentreforMedium-rangeWeatherForecasting(ECMWF)airhumidity,andECMWFairtemperaturefrom2004to2014.The55mooredbuoysareusedtovalidatethembyusingthe30minand25kmcollocationwindow.Furthermore,theobjectivelyanalyzedair-seaheatfluxes(OAFlux)productsandtheNationalCentersforEnvironmentalPrediction-NationalCenterforAtmosphericResearchreanalysis2(NCEP2)productsarealsousedforglobalcomparisons.ThemeanbiasesofsensibleandlatentheatfluxesbetweenWindSatfluxresultsandbuoyfluxdataare–0.39and–8.09W/m~2,respectively.Inaddition,therootmean-square(RMS)errorsofthesensibleandlatentheatfluxesbetweenthemare5.53and24.69W/m~2,respectively.TheRMSerrorsofsensibleandlatentheatfluxesareobservedtograduallyincreasewithanincreasingbuoywindspeed.Thedifferenceshowsdifferentcharacteristicswithanincreasingseasurfacetemperature,airhumidity,andairtemperature.ThezonalaveragelatentfluxeshavesomehighregionswhicharemainlylocatedinthetradewindzoneswherestrongwindscarrydryairinJanuary,andthemaximumvaluecentersarefoundintheeasternwatersofJapanandontheUSeastcoast.Overall,theseasonalvariabilityispronouncedintheIndianOcean,thePacificOcean,andtheAtlanticOcean.Thethreesensibleandlatentheatfluxeshavesimilarlatitudinaldependencies;however,somedifferencesarefoundinsomelocalregions.