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简介：WeanalysefurtherthereliabilitybehaviourofseriesandparallelsystemsinthesuccessivedamagemodelinitiatedbyDownton.Theresultsarecomparedwiththoseobtainedforothermodelswithdifferentbivariatedistributions.

简介：TwoecotypesofElsholtzia,ElsholtziasplendensandE.Argyi,aredominantplantsgrowingonCuandPb-Znsmelters,respectively.SamplesofthetwoecotypesandthecorrespondingsoilsfromfieldsofacopperminingareaandaPb-ZnminingareaofZhejiangProvince,China,wereanalyzedtoinvestigateCuorZntoleranceofthesetwoecotypes.EffectsofnineCulevels(0,5,10,20,40,80,160,240and320mgCuL-1asCuSO4@SH20)ongrowthanduptake,translocationandaccumulationofCuinthesetwoecotypeswereexaminedinasolutioncultureexperiment.Theexperimentalresultsshowedthatdryweights(DW)ofshootsandrootsweredepressed,andgrowthofE.SplendenswaslessdepressedthanthatofE.Argyiwhentreatedwith≥5mgCuL-1.ConcentrationsofCuinshootsofE.SplendensandE.Argyiexceeded1000mgkg-1DWat≥40mgCuL-x.ThemaximumCuaccumulatedintheshootsofGu-treatedE.SplendensandE.Argyireached101and142μgplant-1.Furthermore,analysisofplantsamplesfromthefieldsshowedthatthesetwoecotypescantolerantexcessheavymetalsandproducedhighdrymatter,andE.Splendenscanaccumulate11.7mgCuplant-1grownontheCusmelter.Therefore,E.SplendensandE.Argyicouldbegoodplantsforphytoremediation.

简介：Inthispaper,anewestimatoroftheshapeparameterinthefamilyofGammadistributionisconstructedbyusingthemomentidea,anditisprovedthatthisestimatorisstronglyconsistentandasymptoticallynormal.

简介：VarioustypesofgeologicalhazardsexistintheSouthChinaSea.Indynamicssense,theycanbecategorizedinto5principalgenetictypesrelatedtoeffectsofhydraulicdynamics,gaseousactivity,soilmechanics,gravityandtectonism,respectively.Integratedanalysesindicatethatthegeologicalhazardsassociatedwithvolcanoes,earthquakesandfracturesaremainlydistributedintectonicallyactiveregions,whereasthoseresultingfrommudflows,landslidesanddiapirsareusuallyconcentratedintheregionofslope,thatshallowgas,highpressuregaspocketsandsoftintercalationsaremajorpotentialgeologicalhazardsintheinnershelf,andthatstronghydraulicdynamics,especiallystormtide,isoneofthemajorcausesofgeologicalhazardsinthelittoralareas.ThegeologicalhazardsthatoccurredintheSouthChinaSeaarealsocharacterizedbyperiodicity,successionand,toacertainextent,unpredictabilityinadditiontoregionalization.

简介：在Gymnemasylvestre的各种各样的机关的gymnemic酸内容被高效液体层析(HPLC)方法调查。结果表演在各种各样的机关的gymnemic酸的内容，显然不同，是54.29，31.66，28.82，27.67，25.39，20.56和1.31mg·g在射击尖端的−1DW，花，节点，叶子，内部节点，根和种子分别地。最高的gymnemic酸内容(54.29mg·g−1DW)在射击尖端被发现，在叶子(27.67mg·g−1DW)的比那高的1.96褶层。gymnemic酸(35.39mg·g−1DW)的最大的数量在年轻叶子被观察，它在旧叶子(23.07mg·g−1DW)比那高1.52倍。gymnemic酸在的内容年轻、中间、旧内部节点分别地，是26.47，25.77和23.94mg·g−1DW而在年轻、中间、旧的节点的gymnemic酸的内容是27.96，都在叶子(27.67mg·g−1DW)比那降低，28.81和29.66mg·g−1DW，分别地比那所有高在叶子。学习为Gymnemasylvestre资源的合理发展和利用提供科学证据，自从在天赋的利用上看台在自然引起了这些植物的弄空。

简介：Chinaisamongthefewcountriesrichinpytophyllite.ItisinferioronlytoJapanandSouthKoreainprovedorerescrvesandranksthirdintheworldinperspectivereservesPyrophylliteoccurrencesinSupportcdbytheNaturalScienccFoundationofHunanProvinceandthcDirectorFoundationofChangshaInstituteofoeotectoniCS,ACademiaSinica.Chin

简介：Measurementsofparticulatematter(PM),i.e.,PM10,PM2.5,andPMl,havebeenperformedontheCantonTower,alandmarkbuildinginGuangzhou,atheightsof121and454msinceNovember2010,usingaGRIMM180aerosolparticlespectrometer(Germany).AnalysesofdatafromNovember2010toMay2013showedthattheannualaveragevaluesofPM10,PM2.5,andPMlattheobservationheightof121mabovethegroundwere44.1,38.2,and34.9μg/m3,respectively,andthoseat454mabovethegroundwere35.7,30.4,and27.5μg/m3,respectively.ByconsideringthevaluesofthesecondaryconcentrationlimitsgivenintheAmbientAirQualityStandardsissuedin2012,itwasobservedthattheannualaveragevaluesofPM10attheobservationheightsof121and454m,aswellasthoseofPM2.5at454m,reachedthosestandards.Furthermore,theover-standardamplitudeoftheannualaveragevalueofPM2.5attheobservationheightof121mwas9.1%.Duringtheobservationperiod,themaximumdailyaveragevaluesofPM10,PM2.5,andPM1attheobservationheightof121mwere183.3,144.8,and123.8μg/m~3,respectively,andthoseat454mwere102.8,92.7,and86.4μg/m3.ThedailyaveragevaluesofPM10attheobservationheightof454mwerenotabovethestandards.Theover-standardfrequenciesofthedailyaveragevaluesofPM10andPM2.5attheobservationheightof121mwere0.6%and10.7%,respectively,andtheover-standardamplitudeswere9.0%and24.4%,respectively.Theover-standardfrequencyofthedailyaveragevalueofPM2.5attheobservationheightof454mwas2.0%,andtheover-standardamplitudewas10.4%.Accordingly,itcanbestatedthattheairattheobservationheight454mabovethegrounddidnotreachthesecondarylimitofthenewstandards.Thepollutionwasmostseriousduringwinter,andtheairwasrelativelycleanerduringsummer.Overall,theverticaldistributionsofPM10,PM2.5,andPMldecreasedwithheight.Thelapseratesshowedthefollowingsequence:PM10>PM2.5>PM1,whichindicatesthattheverticaldistributionoffineparticles

简介：Prestinhasbeenidentifiedasamotorproteinresponsibleforouterhaircell(OHC)electromotilityandisexpressedontheOHCsurface.PreviousstudiesrevealedthatOHCelectromotilityanditsassociatednonlinearcapacitanceweremainlylocatedattheOHClateralwallandabsentattheapicalcuticularplateandthebasalnucleusregion.ImmunofluorescentstainingforprestinalsofailedtodemonstrateprestinexpressionattheOHCbasalendsinwhole-mountpreparationoftheorganofCorti.However,therelacksadefinitivedemonstrationofthepatternofprestindistribution.TheOHClateralwallhasatrilaminateorganizationandiscomposedoftheplasmamembrane,corticallattice,andsubsurfacecisternae.Inthisstudy,thelocationofprestinproteinsindissociatedOHCswasexaminedusingimmunofluorescentstainingandconfocalmicroscopy.Wefoundthatprestinwasuniformlyexpressedonthebasolateralsurface,includingthebasalpole.Nostainingwasseenonthecuticularplateandstereocilia.Whenco-stainedwithamembranemarkerdi-8-ANEPPS,prestin-labelingwasfoundtobeintheouterlayeroftheOHClateralwall.Afterseparatingtheplasmamembranefromtheunderlyingsubsurfacecisternaeusingahypotonicextracellularsolution,prestin-labelingwasfoundtobeintheplasmamembrane,notthesubsurfacecisternae.ThedatashowthatprestinisexpressedintheplasmamembraneontheentireOHCbasolateralsurface.

简介：Thedistributionofelectricfieldforthealignmentandattachmentofcarbonnanotubes(CNTs)wassimulated.Tobeattachedatthedesiredplace,thealignedandattractedCNTsshouldbestayedinthedesiredareacalledthestableregionorthequasi-stableregionforaninstantwherethechangeofelectricfieldisminimized.Sincetheconicalelectrodehastheverynarrowsizedquasi-stableregion,fewCNTscanbeattached.Therectangularelectrodeshaveawidestableregion,solotsofCNTscanbeattached.Theresultsindicatethattheroundelectrodewhichhasapropersizedquasi-stableregionismoreeffectiveforaligningandattachingasingleCNTthantheconicalorrectangularshapedelectrodes.

简介：AdistributionmapofPinusyunnanensiswasmadeaccordingtothedataongeographicaldistributionofP.yunnanensisbymeansofapplyinggeographicinformationsystemssoftwareArcGIS,andtheclimaticparametersofthedistributionareasforP.yunnanensisweredeterminedbytheclimateforecastmodelClimateChina.TherelationshipbetweenthegeographicaldistributionofP.yunnanensisandtheclimatewasstudiedbyadoptingtheindexesofKiraincludingthewarmthindex(WI),coldnessindex(CI)andaridityindex(K),Xu’shumidityindex(HI),Holdridge’slifetemperature(BT),potentialevapotranspiration(PET),potentialevapotranspirationratio(PER)andthesinglefactorsasthemeanannualtemperature,themeantemperatureinJanuary,themeantemperatureinJuly,themeanannualprecipitation,the>5℃accumulatedtemperature,the>18℃accumulatedtemperature,themaximumtemperature,theminimumtemperature,thetemperaturevariation,theratiooftemperatureandprecipitationoftheyear,etc.AndtheKira’swater-temperatureindexesondistributionalupperlimit,lowlimitandnorthlimitwerediscussed.ThemajorclimaticfactorseffectingthedistributionofP.yunnanensiswerescreenedoutbystatisticalanalysissoftwareSPSSandtheresultsshowedtheimpactfactorsareintheorderoftemperature>humidity>thetemperaturedifferencebetweenmeanwarmestmonthtemperatureandmeancoldestmonthtemperature.

简介：Thescalingandsimilarityofwallboundedturbulentflowwerestudied.Thepropertiesofsuchflowsandtherelationshipbetweenapowerlawandalogarithmictypeofvelocitydistributionwereinvestigated.Basedonthephysicalmechanisminvolved,ourresultsshowthatthepowerlawandthelogarithmicdistributionareonlydifferentformswiththesamehypothesisandholdonlyintheouterflowzone.Thus,auniversalexplanationforvariousempiricalformulaeofvelocitydistributionwasobtained.Manning’sformulawasstudiedtoexplaintheoreticallytheexperientialresultthattheroughnesscoefficientisonlyacomprehensiveparameterofthewholesystemwithoutacorrespondingphysicalfactor.Thephysicalmechanismofthevelocitydistributionofparalleltowallboundedflowwasexplored,theresultsshowthattheparametersintheformulaofvelocitydistributionareindicesofthesystemrespondingtoflowingenvironmentalfactorstorepresentgeneralcaseofboundaryroughnessandtheflowingstate,correspondingphysicalmechanismisvortexmotion.

简介：Installationofahydraulicturbineinawaterdistributionsysteminvolvinglongpipelinereachesrequiresseveraluniquedesignconsiderations.Forafixedspeedunit,theselectionofdesignpointsforheadandflowneedstobeoptimizedtoprovideanoperatingenvelopethatwouldmaximizethereturnontheinvestmentgiventhewidelyvariedflowandpressureconditionsimposedbythewaterdistributionsystem.Theselectionofaturbinedesignspeedisessentialinfacilitatingrunnerdesign,whichmustminimizethehydraulicpressuretransientsonturbinerunawaythatmayresultinoverstressingtheexistingpipelines.Methodandapproachtoevaluatetheseconsiderationsareoutlined.Relevantresultsfortheselecteddesignarepresentedusingthe4.3MWRanchoPenasquitosPressureControl/HydroelectricFacilityasanillustrativeexample.Licensingrequirementsforsmallinlinehydroelectricfacilitiesarealsobrieflydiscussed.

简介：GranitoidsarewidelyspreadintheNanlingRegionofChina.FourrockbodiesintheregionthebeenstudiedfortheirREE,Rb,Sr,BaandScdistributions.Thefourrockbodiesoccurredindifferentlocationsandarecharacterizedasbeingdifferentinageandtype.Therocktypesarepresentedasfollows:Qinghumonzonite,Guangxi;Fuxigranodiorite,Guangdong;Jiufengmonzoniticgranite,Hunan;ZudongK-feldspargranite,Jiangxi.FromthemajorandtraceelementdistributionsinthesegranitoidsitisclearlyshownthatRb/SrratiosintherockstendtoincreasewithincreasingSiO2contentanddifferentiationindex(DI),butLREE/HREE,La/YbandK/Rbratiostendtodecrease,suggestingacorrelationbetweentraceelementdistributionandmajorelementcompositionforthegranitoids.Thedistributioncharacteristicsoftraceelementsineachoftherockbodiesaredescribedindetail.FromthecomparativeanalysisoftheQinghumonzoniteandFuxigranodioriteitisevidencedthattheREEdistributioniscloselyrelatedtothesequenceofcrystallizationfortheminerals,andalsotothepetrochemicaltypesofthesegranitoidsinadditiontotheircrystalchemistry.

简介：Thedesignandoperationofhighvolumeconveyorsystemsindistributioncentersareimportantduetoitshighcost,largefootprintandcriticalroleinthesystem.However,thereisnoanalyticalmodelavailable.Inthispaper,westudythecharacteristicsoftheconveyorsortationsystem,developagenericmodelofacomplexconveyornetwork.WethenusetheDelayandStockabstractiontodevelopanapproximateanalyticalmethodusingsamplepathanalysisanddynamicnetworkflowmodel.Thedecisionvariablesincludelengthofaccumulationsegmentsandthespeedsofconveyorcomponentsaforementioneddecisionvariables.Thisanalyticalsolutionprovidesfasteranalysis,insightsandusefulsubgradientwithrespecttothedecisionvariables.

简介：Thehierarchyanddefinitionoftheprecipitation-concentrationdegreeandprecipitation-concentrationperiodofannualprecipitationhavebeenproposedbyusingtheso-calledvectormethodofannualdistributionofprecipitation,sothatthetworelevantparameterscanrepresenttheannualdistributionoftotalprecipitationcorrectlyandindeedaccurately.TherelationshipbetweenthespatialandtemporaldistributionpatternsandvariationsofthetwoparametersandtheannualprecipitationamountinChinahasbeenfurtherinvestigated.Resultsdemonstratethattheprecipitation-concentrationdegreeandtheprecipitation-concentrationperiodincreasefromsoutheasttonorthwestgradually.Moreoverthereobviouslyexistsabeltpattern:thelargestvariabilityoftheprecipitation-concentrationdegreeandtheprecipitation-concentrationperiodoccursintheYellowRiverValleyandthemiddleandlowerreachesoftheYangtzeRiver,correspondingtothesignificantzonesinwhichfloodanddroughttakeplacefrequently.Itisfoundthatthereexisthighcorrelationsbetweentheprecipitation-concentrationdegreeandprecipitation-concentrationperiodandtheannualprecipitationamountinNortheastChina,NorthChina,themiddleandlowerreachesoftheYangtzeRiver.Furthermore,8-yearand22-yearperiodicoscillationsintheprecipitation-concentrationdegreeand6-yearand12-yearcyclesintheprecipitation-concentrationperiodareidentifiedbyuseoftheirMorletwaveletanalysis.

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简介：Thedeterminationofstructuraldynamicstressspectrumdistributionisofgreatsignificanceinthestructuralfatiguestrengthevaluationaswellasreliabilitydesign.Inpreviousempiricaldataprocessingmethods,thedatagroupinganddistributionfittingwereexcessivelycoarseandcontaineddistinctivedefects.Thispaperproposedaneffectiveapproachtostatisticallygroupactualmeasureddynamicstressdataandvalidlyextrapolatethecombineddistributiontofitthedynamicstressspectrumdistribution.Thisapproachhasbeenverifieditseffectivenessthroughchi-squaretest,stressspectrumextrapolationanddamagecalculationindynamicstressstudy.

简介：Consumers'electricitycostkeepsincreasingoverthetimeinmostcountriesacrosstheworld.Themainreasonisthatimportingelectricityfromgenerationplantsfarfromaloadcenterisrelativelyexpensive,ascostsarepaidnotonlyforgenerationbutalsoforenergylossandnetworkuse.Tothisend,itismoreeconomicaltouseelectricitygeneratedbylocaldistributedgenerations.Inordertoreducecustomers'electricitycost,aneweconomicdispatchofsmartdistributionnetworksisproposed.Economicdispatchofsmartdistributionnetworkistomeetloaddemandwiththeleastconsumers'electricitycostconsideringdistributedgenerators,whilerecognizingalloperationallimitsofgenerationandtransmissionfacilitiesinadistributionnetwork.Casestudyshowsthatconsumers'electricitycostcanbereducedbyabout20%througheconomicdispatchofdistributionnetwork.Further,generationcostandemissionofdistributionnetworkarereducedaswell.