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简介：Twodifferentpulsecleaningtechniquesforultra-highcontrastlasersystemsarecomparablyanalysedinthiswork.Thefirstpulsecleaningtechniqueisbasedonnoncollinearfemtosecondoptical-parametricamplification(NOPA)andsecond-harmonicgeneration(SHG)processes.Theotherisbasedoncross-polarizedwave(XPW)generation.Withadoublechirpedpulseamplifier(double-CPA)scheme,althoughtemporalcontrastenhancementinahigh-intensityfemtosecondTi:sapphirechirpedpulseamplification(CPA)lasersystemcanbeachievedbasedonbothofthetechniques,thetwodifferentpulsecleaningtechniquesstillhavetheirownadvantagesandaresuitablefordifferentcontrastenhancementrequirementsofdifferentlasersystems.

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简介：Throughinterfacialpoly-condensationofR2SnCl2(R=Me,Bu)withvariousdiacids,diphenols(diols),diamines,amino-acids,hydroxyacids,urea,orthiourea,aseriesoforgano-tinpoly-esters,poly-ethers,poly-amines,poly-amine-esters,poly-ureas,poly-thioureaswereprepared,andcharacterisedaltogethertotalling100polymers,amongwhich91arepreviouslyunreported.ThesynthesizedpolymershaveapotentialasathermostabilizerinPVCproducts.

简介：Nanocarbonmaterialsplayacriticalroleinthedevelopmentofneworimprovedtechnologiesanddevicesforsustainableproductionanduseofrenewableenergy.Thisperspectivepaperdefinessomeofthetrendsandoutlooksinthisexcitingarea,withtheeffortofevidencingsomeofthepossibilitiesofferedfromthegrowinglevelofknowledge,astestifiedfromtheexponentiallyrisingnumberofpublications,andputtingbasesforamorerationaldesignofthesenanomaterials.Thebasicmembersofthenewcarbonfamilyarefullerene,graphene,andcarbonnanotube.Derivedfromthemarecarbonquantumdots,nanohorn,nanofiber,nanoribbon,nanocapsulate,nanocageandothernanomorphologies.Secondgenerationnanocarbonsarethosewhichhavebeenmodifiedbysurfacefunctionalizationordopingwithheteroatomstocreatespecifictailoredproperties.Thethirdgenerationofnanocarbonsisthenanoarchitecturedsupramolecularhybridsorcompositesofthefirstandsecondgenerationnanocarbons,orwithorganicorinorganicspecies.Theadvantagesofthenewcarbonmaterials,relatingtothefieldofsustainableenergy,arediscussed,evidencingtheuniquepropertiesthattheyofferfordevelopingnextgenerationsolardevicesandenergystoragesolutions.

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简介：LIGAtechniquehasbeendevelopedsince1993atBSRF,includingthefabricationofLIGAmask,deepX-rayLithography,electroplating,thepouringmoldingandtheapplicationsinsomefields.TheLIGAmaskwithgoldabsorbingstructuresof20μmthicknessand5μmwidthandKaptonmembraneofaround5μmthicnesshasbeensuccessfullfabricatedandappliedtothedeepX-raylithographywiththePMMAstructureof1mmthicknessorobove.thebeamlineformawigglerisusedforthedeepX-raylithographyofLIGAstatiionandisopentootheinstitutesresearchingthedeepX-raylithography.ThenormalprocessofLIGAtechniquewiththeexceptionofmoldinghasbeenestablishedwiththePMMAstructuresof500μmthicknessatBSRF.ThelargestaspectratioofPMMAstructruescanreachabout50withtheheightof500μmandthelateralsiaeof10μm.Thenickelandcopperstructureswiththetheicknessof0.5mmand1mmhavebeenmadebyusingtheelectroplatingtechnique.TheSU8asaresistmaterialofdeepetchlithographywithUVlightisalsodevelopedinthefabricationofLIGAmaskandsomedevicesatBSRF.Electromagneticsteppingmicromotor,haetexchange,accelerator,structuresusedintheEDM(electrodischargemachinging)arebeingdevelopedforthefutureapplications.

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简介：Thispaperdiscussespointwiseerrorestimatesfortheapproximationbyboundedlinearoperatorsofcontinuousfunctionsdefinedoncompactmetricspaces(X,d),Theauthorsintroduceanewmajorautofthemodulusofthecontinuitywhichisthesrnallestamongthoseg(ξ)'swhichhavethefollowingpropertiesω(f，ε)≤9(f，ε)andg(f,λε)≤(1+λ)g(f,ε)andbythismajorantanewquantitativeKorovkintypetheoremonanycompactmetricspaceisproved.

简介：AmodificationofafiniteelementmethodofDouglasandRobertsforapproximatingthesolutionoftheequationsdescribingcompressiblemiscibledisplacementinaporousmediumisproposedandanalyzed.ThepressureistreatedbyaparabolicmixedfiniteelementmethodusingaRaviart-Thomasspaceofindexroveraquasiregularpartition,AnextensionoftheDarcyvelocityalongGausslinesisusedintheevaluationofthecoefficientsintheGalerkinprocedurefortheconcentration.Asimplecomputationalprocedureallowsthesuperconvergencepropertyofthefluidvelocitytoberetainedinourtotalalgorithm.

简介：Severalaspectsoftheapplicationofsilverelectrodetotheelectrochemicalstudiesofhemoglobinhavebeendiscussedinthispaper.Thesilverelectrodecouldnotonlybeuseddirectlyastheelectrodefortheelectrochemicalstudiesofhemoglobin,butalsoreactwithphenothiazineandbenzimidazoletogivestableandusefulmediator-coatedelectrodes.Inaddition,thesilverelectrodecouldhelpsodiumdodecylsulfatetogivefullplaytoitspromotingeffectontheprotein.

简介：Inordertorefinetheproductsofwheatgermagglutinin(WGA),severalionexchangers,suchasD261,732,DEAE-cellulose-32andCM-cellulose-32,havebeenusedtoremovedproteinsandpigmentswithdifferentcolors,suchasbrown,red,yellow,greenandblack,intheextractsofwheatgerm.TheWGAobtainedfromthisprocedurehashigherhemagglutinationactivitythanthatavailablefromsigmaCo.TheminimumhemagglutinationdoseofthepurifiedWGAforanequalvolumeofa2%typeAredbloodcellsis4μg/ml.WGAisamixtureofisolectinswithdifferentisoelectricpoints,5.9,6.2and6.8.TheirmolecularweightidentifiedbySDS-polyacrylamidegelelectrophoresisare15,000dalton,18,000daltonand35,000dalton,respectively.

简介：Carbonnanotubesusedforconstructingbiosensorwasdescribedforthefirsttime.Single-wallcarbonnanotubes(SWNTs)functionalizedwithcarboxylicacidgroupswereusedtoimmobilizeglucoseoxidaseformingaglucosebiosensor.Thebiosensorresponsecanbedeterminedbyamperometricmethodatalowappliedpotential(0.40V).

简介：Thedefinitionsandpurposesofenergysystemsandprocesssystemsarecomparedinthispaperbyconsideringtheroleofenergyinsystemswithemphasisonthedifferencesinthemethodsusedtooptimizetheexergoeconomicbenefitsofbothtypesofsystems.TheprocesssystemexergoeconomicrelationshipprimarilyincludetheestablishmentoftheThree-linkmodelofprocesssystems,thecompositionofobjectivefunctions,andthecorrespondingboundaryconstraintconditionsforoptimization.TheThree-Link-Method(TLM)whichisbasedonexergoeconomics,canbeusedtoeffectivelyoptimizeprocesssystems.TheTLMusedtooptimizeprocesssystemsisoutlinedinthispaper,Someaspectswhichneedfurtherdevelopmentarealsoidentified.

简介：Nuclearfusionhasenormouspotentialtogreatlyaffectglobalenergyproduction.Thenext-generationtokamakITER,whichisaimedatdemonstratingthefeasibilityofenergyproductionfromfusiononacommercialscale,isunderconstruction.Wallerosion,materialtransport,andfuelretentionareknownfactorsthatshortenthelifetimeofITERduringtokamakoperationandgiverisetosafetyissues.Thesefactors,whichmustbeunderstoodandsolvedearlyintheprocessoffusionreactordesignanddevelopment,areamongthemostimportantconcernsforthecommunityofplasma-wallinteractionresearchers.Todate,lasertechniquesareamongthemostpromisingmethodsthatcansolvetheseopenITERissues,andlaser-inducedbreakdownspectroscopy（LIBS）isanidealcandidateforonlinemonitoringofthewallsofcurrentandnext-generation（suchasITER）fusiondevices.LIBSisawidelyusedtechniqueforvariousapplications.Ithasbeenconsideredrecentlyasapromisingtoolforanalyzingplasma-facingcomponentsinfusiondevicesinsitu.ThisarticlereviewstheexperimentsthathavebeenperformedbymanyresearchgroupstoassessthefeasibilityofLIBSforthispurpose.

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简介：ThispaperintroducestheconceptoflocalC-cosins-familyandinverstigateitsbasicproperties,Inparticular,acharacterizationofthecompleteinfinitesimalgeneratorofalocalC-cosinefamilyisobtained,AsanapplieationofthistheorytothesecondordersbstractCauchyproblems,acharacterizationofthelocalC-well-posednessoftheseproblemsisgivenintermsofthelocalC-cosinefamilytheory.

简介：Sportsvideoappealstolargeaudiencesduetoitshighcommercialpotentials.Automaticallyextractingusefulsemanticinformationandgeneratinghighlightsummaryfromsportsvideotofacilitateusers'accessingrequirementsisanimportantproblem,especiallyintheforthcomingbroadbandmobilecommunicationandtheneedforuserstoaccesstheirmultimediainformationofinterestfromanywhereatanytimewiththeirmostconvenientdigitalequipments.Inthispaper,asystemtogeneratehighlightsummariesorientedformobileapplicationsisintroduced,whichincludeshighlightextractionandvideoadaptation.Inthissystem,severalhighlightextractiontechniquesareprovidedforfieldsportsvideoandracketsportsvideobyusingmulti-modalinformation.Toenhanceusers'viewingexperienceandsavebandwidth,3Danimationfromhighlightsegmentisalsogenerated.Asanimportantproceduretomakevideoanalysisresultsuniversallyapplicable,videotranscodingtechniquesareappliedtoadaptthevideoformobilecommunicationenvironmentanduserpreference.Experimentalresultsareencouragingandshowtheadvantageandfeasibilityofthesystemformultimediacontentpersonalization,enhancementandadaptationtomeetdifferentuserpreferenceandnetwork/devicerequirements.

简介：Atheoryofnonfluidizedgas-solidsflow,whichcombinesthetheoryofmultiphaseflowwiththemechanicsofparticulatemedia,wasproposedonthebasisofunderstandingthattheparticlescontacteachother,solidsandgasareinmovement,andthedragforceontheparticlescausedbyinterstitialgasflowissimilartogravityforcehavingthepropertyofmassforce.Thenthistheorywasverifiedbyexperimentsonverticalandinclinedmovingbeds,andwasappliedtocalculationanddesignofequipmentanddeviceswithmovingbeds,suchaspneumaticmovingbedtransport,dipleg,V-value,L-valve,orificeflow,andarchingprevention.Itcanbeusedtoguidethedesignandoperationofmovingbedsandfixedbeds.

简介：Inthispaper,accordingtotheformoftheasymptoticsolutionofpapers[1,2],theasymptoticmethodisextendedtothefollowingaclassofmoregeneralstrongnonlinearvibrationsystems(?)+g(x,(?))=(?)f(x,(?))(0.1)wheregandfarethenonlinearanalytical-functionsofxandx,and(?)>0isasmallparameter.Weassumethatthederivativesystemcorrespondingto(?)=0hasperiodicsolution.Therecurrenceequationsoftheasymptoticsolutionforthesystem(0.1)arededucedinthispaper,andtheyareappliedtopracticalexamples.