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简介：网络经济是为今天在巨大的连接描绘的经济元素之中的全球关系的一个术语。在资源和活动被分享的地方，新时代的中央行为是在互相相互依赖的关系的许多层次在深网网络把一切连接到一切，市场被扩大，费用和风险被减少。网络系统包含积极、否定的反馈。许多反馈进程创造复杂系统行为。为如此的一个网络，分析网络过程(ANP)途径似乎很适当。ANP方法使系统地与各种依赖和反馈经营系统可能。动态模型试着反映变化在真实或simulatedtimeand考虑网络模型部件常常正在演变。动态模型使用州的变量，流动，和反馈进程的概念。动态网络进程(DNP)是能在联网的经济处理时间依赖者优先级的ANP的扩展。

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简介：Abankhadbetterrationitscreditifitfirstentersagraysystemofcreditinformationwhereitcannotdistinguishbetweenthelow-andhigh-riskborrowers.Asthebankkeepsalong-termrelationshipwithitsborrowersthebanklearnsabouttheborrowersthroughtime.WiththehelpoflogitmodelandBayesrule,abankcanprocesscustomer＇screditinformationandbuildabettercredittermitgives.

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简介：Thepaperstudieschannelchoicedecisionsinamulti-channelsupplychainunderastrategywherethereisanex-antecommitmentmadeontheretailpricemarkup.Themarketdemandisuncertainanddependentonthepriceandsalesefforts.Theresultsshowthatinanychannelstructure,whenmakingorderdecisionstheretaileronlyexaminesthepriceratioandthefluctuationsizeofrandomdemand,ratherthanthechannelcostandtheretailer’smarketingefficiency.Whentheretailpricerises,themanufactureriswillingtoincreaseinventoryquantityfordirectsales,becausethemanufacturer’sprofitmarginishigherindirectchannel.Theincreaseindemandfluctuationonlyaffectsthedegreeofchannelpreferencebutdoesn’tchangethemanufacturer’schannelchoice.Nomatterinwhichlevelthepriceratiois,whenthesalesefficiencyofretailchannelisnothighorthedemandproportionofdirectchannelislow,themanufacturerandtheretailerwillbebothapttochooseadual-channelstructure.Thenaddingadirectchannelbecomesamarketingstrategy,ratherthanacompetitoroftheretailchannel,andhelpsthesupplychainwinmoremarketdemand.

简介：TheemergenceofB2Belectronicmarketshasgreatlychangedtherelativebargainingpowerofbuyersandsellers.Westudytheequilibriummarketstructureinabuyer’smarket.Wefindthatbuyer-controlledB2BmarketsandneutralB2Bmarketshavedifferentequilibriumstructures,andtheemergenceofB2Bmarketswillincreasesocialwelfare,butitseffectonbuyersandsellerswillbedifferent:B2Bmarketsincreasetheconsumersurplusoftheendmarket,buttheireffectsonbuyerandsellerprofitsaremoderatedbytherelativebargainingpowerofbuyersandsellers.TheprofitsofthesidewithmuchweakerbargainingpowerwilldecreaseduetotheintroductionofB2Bmarkets.

简介：关于为在1980年代和1990年代的瓷器精力紧张的戏剧的衰落负责的主要因素有可观的争论。然而，很少详细分析被做了在20022005期间在精力紧张解释变化。在这份报纸，我们使用结构的分解分析(SDA)把精力紧张分解成五决定因素：精力输入系数，技术系数(Leontief反的系数)，由产品的最后的要求结构，由范畴的最后的要求和最后的精力消费系数。我们然后进一步分解二个系数，精力输入系数和技术系数，进结构和真实系数。实验学习在2000经常的价格从1987～2005基于energy-input-output桌子被执行。结果证明在1987和2002之间，精力输入结构在精力紧张说明大多数衰落。然而，由产品的输入结构和最后的要求结构解释在2002和2005之间的精力紧张的增加。

简介：Reliabilityallocationproblemiscommonlytreatedusingaclosed-formexpressionrelatingthecosttoreliability.Arecentapproachhasintroducedtheuseofdiscreteintegertechniqueforun-repairablesystems.Thisresearchaddressestheallocationproblemforrepairablesystems.ItpresentsanintegerformulationforfindingtheoptimumselectionofcomponentsbasedontheintegervaluesoftheirMeanTimetoFailure(MTTF)andMeanTimetoRepair(MTTR).Theobjectiveistominimizethetotalcostunderasystemreliabilityconstraint,inadditiontootherphysicalconstraints.Although,aclosed-formexpressionrelatingthecosttoreliabilitymaynotbealinear;however,inthisresearch,theobjectivefunctionwillalwaysbelinearregardlessoftheshapeoftheequivalentcontinuousclosed-formfunction.Anexampleissolvedusingtheproposedmethodandcomparedwiththesolutionofthecontinuousclosed-formversion.Theformulationforallpossiblesystemconfigurations,componentsandsubsystemsarealsoconsidered.

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简介：Wediscussasingle-periodinventorysystemwithageneralS-shapedutilityfunctionandexponentialdemand.Itisshownthatthereexistsastate-dependentorder-up-topolicytobeoptimal.Behaviorsofoptimalpolicyareillustratedbyanumericalexample.

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简介：Weinthispaperexaminewarrantystrategyinatwo-stagesupplychainconsistingofamanufacturerandtwocompetingretailers.Themanufacturerproducestwosubstituteproductsandmarketsthemthroughthetworetailerstoagroupofconsumers,respectively.Foreachtypeofproducts,themanufacturer’sbasewarrantyandaretailer’sextendedwarrantyarebundledwiththeproduct.Weusegametheoreticmodelstoexploretheinteractionsbetweenthetwotypesofwarrantiesandthecompetitionbetweentheretailers.Forthispurpose,twoscenariosareconsidered:noretailerandboththetworetailersprovidingtheextendedwarranties,respectively.Ineachscenario,themanufacturer’sbasewarrantiesareassumedtobeoffered.Ourresultsshowthatwhentheretailersoffertheirextendedwarranties,themanufacturerhasnoincentivetoofferthebasewarranties;otherwise,themanufacturerhastoprovidethebasewarranties.Thecompetitionbetweenretailersintermsoftheproductsubstitutabilityhasnoimpactonwarrantydecisions,butaffectsallplayers’profitsinthesupplychain.Themanufacturercanprovidealongerwarrantylengthandhighercustomerwelfaretoacustomerthantheretailersdo,ifitismoreefficientthantheretailersinwarrantycost-efficiency,andviceversa.

简介：Thispaperstudiestheoptimalconsumption-investmentstrategywithHeston’sstochasticvolatility(SV)modelunderhyperbolicabsoluteriskaversion(HARA)utilitycriterion.Thefinancialmarketiscomposedofarisk-lessassetandariskyasset,whosepriceprocessissupposedtobedrivenbyHeston’sSVmodel.TheriskypreferenceoftheindividualisassumedtosatisfyHARAutility,whichrecoverspowerutility,exponentialutilityandlogarithmutilityasspecialcases.HARAutilityisofgeneralframeworkintheutilitytheoryandisseldomstudiedintheexistingliteratures.Legendretransform-dualtechniquealongwithstochasticdynamicprogrammingprincipleispresentedtodealwithourproblemandtheclosed-formsolutiontotheoptimalconsumption-investmentstrategyissuccessfullyobtained.Finally,somespecialcasesarederivedindetail.

简介：摘要通常对于成衣染色与酶所采用的是二浴法工艺进行处理，但因该种处理方式耗费时间较长，且工艺流程复杂，因而逐渐弃用。一浴法所采用的是活性染料与中性纤维素酶，能够有效地缩短工艺流程时间并降低用水量与能耗，同时不会对织物造成较大损伤，因而得到较好应用。鉴于此。本文对成衣活性染色与纤维素酶整理一浴法加工工艺流程进行概述，比较一浴法与二浴法工艺处方与效果，分析一浴法的有效性，希望给予我国相关领域以些许参考和借鉴。

简介：内容摘要改革开放以来，我国经济取得了举世瞩目的成就,然而贫富差距的扩大，各地区经济的不均衡发展已成为我国可持续协调发展所不得不认真面对的严峻问题。本文拟从我国现阶段各地区的财政能力差异出发，进而分析我国现阶段转移支付在调节财政横向平衡的效应，并提出相应的规范我国转移支付制度的建议以促进各地区提供均等化得公共服务进而更好的促进我国各地区经济的协调发展。