简介:本期开始介绍鼓室体瘤的影像学和临床表现.鼓室体瘤属于颈静脉-鼓室副神经节瘤(glomusjugularetympanicumparaganglioma),也即颈静脉球瘤的一种,后者还包括颈静脉球体瘤.因起源于鼓室内与迷走神经耳支(Arnoldnerve)或舌咽神经鼓室支(Jacobsonnerve)伴行的副神经节组织,故称为副神经节瘤(paraganglioma),多见于中下鼓室,上鼓室少见.肿瘤可以扩展超过中耳界限,但一般不侵犯颈静脉球.光镜下将鼓室体瘤细胞分为二型:Ⅰ型细胞为神经内分泌颗粒细胞,巢状结构;Ⅱ型细胞为支持细胞.鼓室体瘤中有丰富的毛细血管网.
简介:目的:研究干眼症的病因,为干眼症的诊断提供依据,减少误诊的发生。方法:回顾性分析83例确诊为干眼症的患者的发病原因,并分析其中16例发生误诊的病例。诊断方法为依据干眼症症状、泪膜稳定性下降、泪液分泌减少及眼表损害等表现,并按一定的诊断步骤进行。结果:干眼症患者83例中最常见的原因是视屏终端综合征24例(29%)、慢性睑缘炎12例(14%)、干燥综合症12例(14%)。有10例误诊为慢性结膜炎,有2例误诊为病毒性角膜炎,另有4例干眼症的病因诊断错误。结论:干眼症的发病原因虽不是诊断干眼症的必备条件,但认识并积极寻找干眼症的病因可以为诊断提供依据,同时也可减少误诊的发生。
简介:AIM:Tocharacterizetheclinicalfeatures,diagnosis,treatmentandprognosisofuveitisassociatedwithankylosingspondylitis(AS)inChinesepatients.·METHODS:TwohundredandthreepatientswithuveitisassociatedwithASfollowed-upintheThirdMilitaryMedicalUniversityDapingHospitalbetween2005and2010wereretrospectivelyevaluatedinthisstudy.Completeophthalmologicalexaminationswereevaluatedatbaselineandduringthefollow-upperiod.Thegender,age,follow-uptime,meanfrequencyofuveitisonset,andaccompanyingeyeexaminationfindings,history,demographicalparameterswerereviewed.Allthepatientspresentedcompleteclinicalandradiologic(sacroiliac,lumbar,dorsalandcervicalspine,knee,ankle,shoulder,hip,elbow)evaluation.HLA-B27typingwasalsosearched.·RESULTS:Therewere203patientsdiagnosedwithASassociateduveitis.AllshowedsacroiliacX-raychangesindicativeofAS.Therewere184maleand19femalepatients.Theaverageageofpatientswas35±12(range18-50).Meanfollow-upperiodwas2.4years(1-5years).Acuteanterioruveitiswasthemostcommontypeofuveitisinbothgenders.121eyespresentedunilateralinvolvement(55.2%),and92eyespresentedbilateralinvolvement(45.3%)withonsetalternately.22eyesoccurredhypopyon,16eyeswerefoundanteriorvitreouscells,7eyeswerenotedreactivemacularedemaorexudation,29eyespresentedposteriorsynechiaeofiris,and14eyespresentedcataract,9eyespresentedsecondaryglaucoma,2eyespresentedbendcornealdegenerationand1eyespresentedatrophyofeyeball.Atthefinalvisit,uveitiswaswellcontrolledinmostpatients.·CONCLUSION:ASassociatedwithuveitisinChinesepatientsmainlymanifestsasacuteanterioruveitis.AcombinationofcorticosteroidswithothermydriasisagentsiseffectiveformostASassociatedwithuveitispatients.Ingeneral,theprognosisisgoodinthesecases.
简介:目的:总结抗结核药物所致的视神经炎临床特点,探讨防治对策。方法:回顾性分析广州市胸科医院2003-01/2013-01门诊和病房患者在抗结核治疗过程中出现药物性视神经炎的临床特点。结果:抗结核药物治疗引起的药物性视神经炎不多见(17/60000),以球后视神经炎多见,引起视神经炎的抗结核药物主要是乙胺丁醇,其次是异烟肼、链霉素。明确诊断后及时停用与视神经炎相关的结核药,并根据病情给予补充维生素,扩张血管,激素等治疗,患者的视力都有不同程度的提高。结论:在使用抗结核药期间要注意患者视力变化情况出现突发视力下降应作眼科检查,并及时给予干预,防止失明的严重后果。
简介:目的:报道1例罕见的临床上表现为眼眶炎性假瘤形式的视神经束膜炎,并且强调区分视神经束膜炎和脱髓鞘的球后视神经炎。方法:病例报道。结果:一个54岁的健康的马来西亚女性,主诉右侧持续性头痛3d伴有复视。疼痛与眼球活动相关联。脑部和眼眶MRI显示右侧视神经鞘和眶内脂肪条纹异常增强,未有异常的增强提示脱髓鞘疾病。这名患者诊断为右眼视神经束膜炎。从开始使用全身性的类固醇激素,维持并逐渐减量超过6mo。她的症状得到缓解并且直到最近的随访都没有复发。结论:所有的眼眶炎性假瘤病例都应该考虑存在视神经束膜炎的可能,在开始治疗前必须与球后视神经炎相鉴别。因为这两种疾病有不同的治疗原则和预后。
简介:AIM:Toinvestigatethediffusioncharacteristicsofwaterofopticnerveandopticradiationinhealthyadultsanditsrelatedfactorsbydiffusiontensorimaging(DTI)at3T.METHODS:Atotalof107healthyvolunteersperformedheadconventionalMRIandbilateralopticnerveandopticradiationDTI.TheprimarydataofDTIwasprocessedbypost-processingsoftwareofDTIstudio2.3,obtainingfractionalanisotropyvalue,meandiffusivityvalue,principalenginevalue,orthogonalenginevaluebymeasuring,andanalyzedbytheSPSS13.0statisticalsoftware.RESULTS:Thebilateralopticnerveandopticradiationfiberspresentedgreencolorindirectionalencodedcolor(DEC)mapsandpresentedhighsignalinfractionalanisotropy(FA)maps.TheFAvalueoftheleftopticnervewas0.598±0.069andtherightwas0.593±0.065;themeandiffusivity(MD)valueoftheleftopticnervewas(1.324±0.349)×10-3mm2/sandtherightwas(1.312±0.350)x10-3mm2/s;theprincipalenginevalue(λ?)oftheleftopticnervewas(2.297±0.522)×10-4mm2/sandtherightwas(2.277±0.526)×10-3mm2/s;theorthogonalenginevalue(λ⊥)oftheleftopticnervewas(0.838±0.285)×10-3mm2/sandtherightwas(0.830±0.280)×10-3mm2/s;theFAvalueoftheleftopticradiationwas0.636±0.057andtherightwas0.628±0.056;themeandiffusivity(MD)valueoftheleftopticradiationwas(0.907±0.103)×10-3mm2/sandtherightwas(0.889±0.125)×10-3mm2/s;theprincipaleigenvalue(λⅡ)oftheleftopticradiationwas(1.655±0.210)×10-3mm2/sandtherightwas(1.614±0.171)×10-3mn2/s;theorthogonalenginvalue(λ⊥)oftheleftopticradiationwas(0.531±0.103)×10-3mm2/sandtherightwas(0.524±0.152)×10-3m