简介：Themobilechannelisslowfadingandtimeselective,thusthemultiplicativeandadditivenoiseofthechannelwillsmearthespectralline,orarouseDopplerspread.Thisspreadwillmaketheparametersestimationaccuracydegrade.ThegoalofthispaperistoanalyticallyassessthisdegradationwhenCarrierFrequencyOffset(CFO)andDopplershiftexistjointly.Thenthefinite-sampleCramer-RaoLowerBound(CRLB)isderivedandclose-formasymptoticalexpressionisgivenforlarge-sampleCRLB.Theseexpressionsgiveinsightsintotheperformanceroomforfrequencyestimation.AlsothevarianceofDopplershiftestimatorissimulatedtoillustratethetheoreticalresults.

简介：4newmodel,phaseequilibrium-kineticsmodel(PEKM),forestimationofdiffusioncoefficientwasproposedinthispaper.KineticexperimentsofphenoldesorptiononNKAIIresininthepresenceandtheabsenceofultrasoundwereseparatelyconducted,anddiffusioncoefficientsofphenolwithinanadsorbentparticlewereestimatedbymeansofproposedPEKMandclassicsimplifiedmodel.ResultsshowthattheuseofultrasoundnotonlychangesthephaseequilibriumstateofNKAllresin/phenol/watersystemwhichhadbeenequilibriumatnormalcondition,butalsoenhancesdiffusionofphenolwithintheresin.ThediffusioncoefficientofphenolintheresininthefieldofultrasoundincreasesinanorderofmagnitudeincomparisonwiththediffusioncoefficientdeterminedundernoultrasoundExperimentalresultsalsoindicatedthatthediffusioncoefficientsestimatedbyPEKMweremoreaccuratethanthatestimatedbytheclassicsimplifiedmodel.

简介：为简洁的原因，最通常使用的水文学模型基于土壤保存服务曲线数字(SCS-CN)当模特儿，它可能是为中国的黄土高原上的流量的评价的一种好选择；然而，高空间的异质，主要在土壤类型由碎裂的地形和变化引起了，可以限制它的适用性到这个区域。因此，到一个小分水岭的SCS-CN模型的适用性，高原上的Liudaogou，被评估，在模型的最适当的起始的抽象比率(Ia/S)价值被反的方法确定。结果证明标准SCS-CN模型对在Liudaogou分水岭的流量的评价适用，模型表演根据相对错误和Nash-Sutcliffe效率的价值是可接受的。因为，为分水岭的最适当的Ia/S值是0.22与这修改Ia/S值，模型性能稍微被改进。当一个重降雨事件(50.1公里)没被考虑时，模型表演不对Ia/S价值的修正敏感，它暗示模型用标准Ia/S价值，因为很少超过50公里的单个降雨事件发生在那个区域，能为Liudaogou分水岭被推荐。流量数量由SCS-CN模型为Liudaogou分水岭预言了，用修改Ia/S价值，当降雨价值比50公里低时，与增加降雨逐渐地增加了，而当降雨超过了50公里时，预言的数量很快增加了。这些调查结果可能在在中国的黄土高原上解决严肃的土壤和水损失的问题是有用的。

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简介：Objective:Lungcancerisoneoftheleadingcancersandmajorcausesofcancermortalityworldwide.Theeconomicburdenassociatedwiththehighmortalityoflungcancerishigh,whichaccountsfornearly$180billiononaglobalscalein2008.Thispaperaimstounderstandtheeconomicburdenoflungcancerintermsofdisabilityadjustedlifeyears(DALY)inAustralia,thePhilippines,andSingapore.Methods:Theyearsoflifelost(YLL)andyearslostduetodisability(YLD)werecalculatedusingtheformuladevelopedbyMurrayandLopezin1996aspartofacomprehensiveassessmentofmortalityanddisabilityfordiseases,injuriesandriskfactorsin1990andprojectedto2020.ThesameformulaisrepresentedintheGlobalBurdenofDiseasetemplateprovidedbytheWorldHealthOrganization.Appropriateassumptionsweremadewhendatawereunavailableandprojectionswereperformedusingregressionanalysistoobtaindatafor2015.Results:ThetotalDALYsduetolungcancerinAustralia,thePhilippines,andSingaporewere91,695,38,584,and12,435,respectively,andthecorrespondingDALYratesperapopulationof1,000were4.0,0.4,and2.2,respectively,withadiscountrateof3%.WhenresearcherscalculatedDALYswithoutthediscountrate,theburdenofdiseaseincreasedsubstantially;theDALYswere117,438inAustralia,50,977inthePhilippines,and16,379inSingapore.Overall,YLLorprematuredeathaccountedformorethan95%ofDALYsinthesecountries.Conclusions:Strategiesforprevention,earlydiagnosis,andprompttreatmentmustbedevisedfordiseaseswherethemajorburdenisduetomortality.

简介：为协调宽带的评价在未知相关噪音领域里采购的到达(DOA)的方向的一个柔韧的算法被调查。噪音通常在在实际应用程序的传感器之中未知、相关，特别为有比较地小的孔的数组。空间地相关的噪音在在DOA评价集中错误和严重降级招致增加，并且因此，基于区分协变性矩阵集中转变的一个方法被建议消除噪音，因此减少集中的错误。模拟和试验性的结果表明建议方法的有效性。

简介：为有一个声学的向量传感器数组的二维的宽带Direction-of-Arrival(DOA)评价的一个靠近形式的算法被介绍。没有数组孔的损失，建议算法能应付协调消息提供者，并且不为DOA参数要求一个搜索过程。估计的方位角和举起角度能是自动地，paired.Simulation结果被介绍表明建议方法的有效性。

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简介：在放的精确的点(PPP)，一些不可能的精确地模仿的系统的错误不可避免地在GPS观察和愿望尚待降级天顶tropospheric延期(ZTD)的精确评价。在GPSPPP模式使用的随机的模型被比较。在这篇论文，研究结果证明导出PPP的ZTD的精确能显然通过为GPS大小选择一个合适的随机的模型被改进。低举起的观察能论及能改进ZTD的评价的更多的对流层信息。一个新随机的模型基于卫星，低举起余弦平方被介绍。结果表演用卫星的随机的模型基于举起的余弦平方功能比以前的随机的模型好。

简介：Amodel-basedestimatordesignandimplementationisdescribedinthispapertoundertakecombinedestimationofvehiclestatesandtire-roadfrictioncoefficients.Theestimatorisdesignedbasedonavehiclemodelwiththreedegreesoffreedom(3-DOF)andthedualextendedKalmanfilter(DEKF)techniqueisemployed.EffectivenessoftheestimationisexaminedandvalidatedbycomparingtheoutputsoftheestimatorwiththeresponsesofthevehiclemodelinCarSiminthreetypicalroadadhesionconditions(high-friction,low-friction,andjoint-frictionroads).SimulationresultsdemonstratethattheDEKFestimatoralgorithmdesignedisabletoobtainvehiclestates(e.g.,yawrateandrollangle)aswellasroadfrictioncoefficientswithreasonableaccuracy.

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简介：Considerarepeatedmeasurementpartiallylinearregressionmodelwithanunknownvectorparameterβ,anunknownfunctiong(.),andunknownheteroscedasticerrorvariances.Inordertoimprovethesemiparametricgeneralizedleastsquaresestimator(SGLSE)ofβ,weproposeaniterativeweightedsemiparametricleastsquaresestimator(IWSLSE)andshowthatitimprovesupontheSGLSEintermsofasymptoticcovariancematrix.Anadaptiveprocedureisgiventodeterminethenumberofiterations.Wealsoshowthatwhenthenumberofreplicatesislessthanorequaltotwo,theIWSLSEcannotimproveupontheSGLSE.Theseresultsaregeneralizationsofthosein[2]tothecaseofsemiparametricregressions.

简介：Thehorizontalaccuracyoftopographicdatarepresentedbydigitalelevationmodel(DEM)resolutionbringsaboutuncertaintiesinlandscapeprocessmodelingwithrasterGIS.Thispaperpresentsastudyontheeffectoftopographicvariabilityoncell-basedempiricalestimationofsoillossandsedimenttransport.AnoriginalDEMof10mresolutionforacasewatershedwasre-sampledtothreerealizationsofhighergridsizesforacomparativeexamination.EquationsbasedontheUSLEareappliedtothewatershedtocalculatesoillossfromeachcellandtotalsedimenttransporttostreams.ThestudyfoundthatthecalculatedtotalsoillossfromthewatersheddecreaseswiththeincreasingDEMresolutionwithalinearcorrelationasspatialvariabilityisreducedbycellaggregation.TheUSLEtopographicfactors(LS)extractedfromappliedDEMsrepresentspatialvariability,anddeterminetheestimationsasshowninthemodelingresults.ThecommonlyusedUSGS30mDEMappearstobeabletoreflectessentialspatialvariabilityandsuitablefortheempiricalestimation.TheappropriatenessofaDEMresolutionisdependentuponspecificlandscapecharacteristics,appliedmodelanditsparameterization.ThisworkattemptstoprovideageneralframeworkfortheresearchintheDEM-basedempiricalmodeling.

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简介：Theoptimalestimationperformanceoftargetparametersisstudied.First,thegeneralformofCramer-Raobound(CRB)forjointestimationoftargetlocationandvelocityisderivedforcoherentmultipleinputmultipleoutput(MIMO)radars.TogainsomeinsightintothebehavioroftheCRB,theCRBwithasetofgivenorthogonalwaveformsisstudiedasaspecificcase.Second,amaximumlikelihood(ML)estimationalgorithmisproposed.Themeansquareerror(MSE)oftheMLestimationoftargetlocationandvelocityisobtainedbyMonteCarlosimulationanditapproachesCRBinthehighsignal-to-noiseratio(SNR)region.

简介：Thispaperconsidersafrequency-divisionduplex(FDD)two-waychannelwithchannelestimationerror,wherechannelgainsareindependentofeachother.Itderivestheexactclosed-formoutageprobabilityexpressionsintheFDDsystemwithanalognetworkcoding(ANC)byuseofprobabilitytheory.Toprovidemoreinsights,anapproximatedversionfortheexactoutageprobabilityisalsodevelopedinthemedium-to-highsignal-to-noiseratio(SNR)region.ThesimulationresultsshowthatthederivedexactoutageprobabilitiesmatchtheresultsofMonteCarlosimulationsinallSNRregions,whiletheapproximatedoutageprobabilitiesalsoapproachthesimulationresultswhenthechannelconditionisgood.ItisinterestingthatANCintheFDDtwo-waychannelisprovedtooutperformthatofinthetime-divisionduplex(TDD)channelbythecomputersimulation.

简介：Lornoxicam(6-chloro-4-hydroxy-2-methyl-N-2-pyridyl-2H-thieno-[2,3-e]-1,2-thiazine-3-carboxamide-1,1-dioxide)ispersistasanon-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrugoftheoxicamclasswithanalgesic,anti-inflammatoryandantipyreticproperties.Afast,accurateandsensitivechromatographicmethodforestimationofLornoxicamwasdevelopedasnoofficialmethodavailablefordetection.ThechromatographicseparationemploysisocraticelutionbyutilizinganinertsilODS-C18,250mm×4.6mm,5μmcolumns.Mobilephaseconsistingofsolvent(40mLacetonitrileand60mL0.1Mphosphatebuffer(pH6.8wasadjustedwithtriethylamine))endowedataflowrateof1.0mL/min.Theanalytewasdetectedandquantifiedat290nmusingUVdetector.ThemethodwasvalidatedaccordingtoICHguidelines,illustratingtobeaccurate(recovery99.08%-101.13%)andprecise(intraday(0.27-1.32)andinterday(0.59-1.59))withinthecorrespondinglinearrange(10-60μg/mL)withr20.9992.

简介：Basedonlefttruncatedandrightcensoreddependentdata,theestimatorsofhigherderivativesofdensityfunctionandhazardratefunctionaregivenbykernelsmoothingmethod.Whenobserveddataexhibitα-mixingdependence,localpropertiesincludingstrongconsistencyandlawofiteratedlogarithmarepresented.Moreover,whenthemodeestimatorisdefinedastherandomvariablethatmaximizesthekerneldensityestimator,theasymptoticnormalityofthemodeestimatorisestablished.

简介：Intheanalysisoneconomicgrowthfactors,researchersusuallyusetheproductionfunctionmodeltocalculateandmeasureinfluencingfactors’contributionratestoeconomicgrowth.CommonproductionfunctionsincludetheCD(Cobb-Douglas)productionfunction,theCES(ConstantElasticityofSubstitution)productionfunction,theVES(VariableElasticityofSubstitution)productionfunction,andsoon.Inconsiderationofthediversityandcomplementarityofmodels,thepapercombinestheCDproductionfunctionwiththeCESproductionfunctionandthenproposesamixedproductionfunction.Withregardtotheparameterestimationofmodel,thepapergivesanimprovedfireflyalgorithmwiththehighprecisionandafastrateofconvergence.Withregardtothecalculationoffactors’contributionrates,traditionalmethodsgenerallyhavebigerrorsandarenotapplicabletocomplicatedmodels,sothepaperoffersanewmethodwhichcancalculatecontributionratesscientifically.Finally,thepapercalculatesthecontributionratesoffactorsaffectingChineseeconomicgrowthandgetsagoodresult.