简介:Theeffectofλ/2SiO2overcoatonthelaserdamagecharacteristicsofHfO2/SiO2high-reflector(HR)coatingsisinvestigatedwith1-on-1andN-on-1laserdamagetestmethods.Thelaserdamagesurfaceof1-on-1isanalyzedbyastepanalyzer.ThesurfacemorphologiesshowthatlaserdamagemakesthecoatingdamagedareaprotrudentandroughforHRcoatingwithoutλ/2silicaovercoat,butconcaveandsmoothforHRcoatingwithλ/2silicaovercoat.Theresultof10-on-1multi-pulseirradiationonthesamepointofthecoatingshowsthatthereisanenergydensitystageonthedamagecurve.Ifthelaserenergydensityiswithintherangeofthestage,HfO2/SiO2HRcoatingswithλ/2silicaovercoatwillnotbedamagedmorethan2timesformulti-shots,andthesurfacedamagesareveryslightsothatthereisnoimpactonthecoatingperformance.Anotherinterestingresultisthattheenergydensitystageextendsfromthedamagethresholdtothepointofabout3timesofthreshold,whichissimilartotheeffectofthelaserconditiononcoating.
简介:BackgroundCentralaorticsystolicbloodpressure(CASP)hasbeenshowntobeastrongerpredictoroftarget-organdamageandcardiovasculareventsthanbrachialsystolicbloodpressure(BSBP),buttherewasnodataaboutwhetherCASPcanpredictprolongedQRSdurationmorethanBSBP.WeexaminedtheassociationofCASPandBSBPwithQRSdurationinruralcommunityresidents.MethodsWeretrospectivelyanalyzed490ruralcommunityresidents.Standardresting12-leadECGandcentralaorticbloodpressure(CABP)weremeasurednoninvasivelyinallsubjectsatbaseline.TheQRSdurationwasequaltoormorethan120msbeingdefinedasprolongedQRSduration.ResultsTheprolongedQRSdurationgroupshowedhigherCASP(139.38±11.67vs.135.36±16.22,P=0.031)andBSBP(136.03±6.74vs.124.44±13.01,P<0.001)ascomparedwithcontrols.MultivariatelinearregressionanalysisshowedthatCASP,BSBPandheartratewereindependentlyaffectingQRSduration.LogisticregressionanalysesshowedthatCASP(OR1.057,95%CI:1.027,1.088,P<0.001)andBSBP(OR1.056,95%CI:1.027,1.086,P=0.032)wereindependentpredictorsofprolongedQRSdurationafteradjustmentforage,sex,bodymassindex,heartrate.CASPhadabetterpredictivevalueforprolongedQRSdurationthan(AUC:0.793vs.0.601,P<0.001)BSBP.ConclusionsOurfindingsdemonstratethatbothCASPandBSBParerisksforprolongedQRSduration,butCASPcanpredictprolongedQRSdurationbetterthanBSBP.
简介:TheYoungWomen’sChristianAssociation(YWCA)isawomen’sorganizationforsocialservicesthatemergedinmid-19thcenturyinthecontextofBritain’sIndustrialRevolution.BasedinGeneva,Switzerland,itisrepresentedin125countriesandregionsaroundtheglobewithamembershipofmorethan25million.TheYWCAisinconsultativestatuswiththeUNEconomicandSocialCouncilwithpermanent
简介:Background:Improvedunderstandingoftheprocessesshapingtheassemblyoftropicaltreecommunitiesiscrucialforgaininginsightsintotheevolutionofforestcommunitiesandbiologicaldiversity.Theclimateisthoughttobethefirstorderdeterminantofabundanceanddistributionpatternsoftreespecieswithcontrastingtraitssuchasevergreenanddeciduousleafphenology.However,therelativeroleofneutral,andniche-basedprocessesintheevolutionofthesepatternsremainpoorlyunderstood.Methods:Here,weperformanintegratedanalysisofthedataontreespeciesabundance,functionaltraitsandcommunityphylogenyfromanetworkof96forestplots,each1hainsize,distributedalongabroadenvironmentalgradientinthecentralWesternGhats,India.Then,wedeterminetherelativeimportanceofvariousprocessinassemblyandstructuringoftropicalforestcommunitieswithevergreenanddeciduousleafphenology.Results:Thedeciduousleafphenologicaltraithasrepeatedlyevolvedamongmultipledistantlyrelatedlineages.Treecommunitiesindrydeciduousforestswerephylogeneticallyclusteredandshowedalowrangeandvarianceof.functionaltraitsrelatedtolightharvesting,reproduction,andgrowthsuggestingniche-basedprocessessuchasenvironmentalfilteringplayavitalroleintheassemblyoftreecommunitiesintheseforests.Theexternalfactorssuchashuman-mediateddisturbancealsosignificantly,buttoalesserextent,influencesthespeciesandphylogeneticturnover.Conclusions:ThesefindingsrevealedthattheenvironmentalfilteringplaysasignificantroleinassemblyoftreecommunitiesinthebiologicallydiversetropicalforestsintheWesternGhatsbiodiversityhotspot.