简介：AIM:Toexaminetheexpressionofsurvivinandvascularendothelialgrowthfactor(VEGF)duringthedevelopmentofretinalneovascularization(NV)inamousemodel.·METHODS:Awell-characterizedmurinemodelofretinalNVwasusedtostudytheexpressionofsurvivinandVEGF.NVoftheretinawasinducedinmicebyexposureto75%O2frompostnataldayP7toP12,followedbyreturntoroomairfromP12toP17.ExpressionofsurvivinandVEGFproteinwasanalyzedbyImmunohistochemistry.Inaddition,mousemodelofproliferativeretinopathywasanalyzedbyretinalfluoresceinangiographyandquantificationanalysis.·RESULTS:Thenormalmicehadbothsuperfiekalanddeepvascularlayersthatextendedfromtheopticnervetotheperiphery.Inintraocularpressure(IOP)micewerecharacterizedbyrepresentatypicalpatternofpathologicalretinalNV.Therearelessorlittlenucleiofnewvesselsvascularendothelialcellbreakingthroughtheinnerretinalthaninretinopathyofprematurity(ROP)mice,largeclustersofbloodvesselswereadherenttotheinternallimitingmembrane(ILM)(0.27±0.20vs23.38±1.027,t=9.454,P<0.001).DuringtheangiogenicperiodfromP13toP17,survivinandVEGFproteinexpressionincreasedinexperimentalretinascomparedwithcontrolsamples(2.56±0.46vs3.34±0.40,t=17.43,P<0.01:2.18±0.75vs4.34±0.25,t=19.61,P<0.01).ProteinlevelsofVEGFandsurvivnhassignificantlypositivecorrelation(P<0.05,r=0.411).·CONCLUSION:CorrelationwasmadeattheproteinlevelsofsurvivinexpressioncomparedwiththatofVEGFinamurinemodelofretinalNV,whichsuggestsatemporalroleforsurvivinandVEGFinnewvesselformationinresponsetohypoxicstimulation.

简介：AIM:ToinvestigatetheeffectofintravitrealinjectionofDL-alpha-aminoadipicacid(DL-α-AAA)onocularrefractivestateandretinaldopamine,transforminggrowthfactor-β2(TGFβ2),vasoactiveintestinalpolypeptide(VIP)inguineapigform-deprivedmyopia.METHODS:Four-week-oldpigmentedguineapigswererandomlyassignedto4groups:normalcontrol,deprivation,deprivationplusDL-α-AAA,deprivationplussaline.Formdeprivationwasinducedwiththeself-madetranslucenteyeshields,andlastedfor14days.8μgDL-α-AAAwasinjectedintothevitreouschamberofdeprivedeyes.Thecornealradiusofcurvature,refractionandaxiallengthweremeasured.Retinaldopaminecontentwasevaluatedbythehigh-performanceliquidchromatographywithelectrochemicaldetection,andTGFβ2andVIPproteinweredetectedbyWesternblotting.RESULTS:Fourteendaysofeyeocclusioncausedtheaxiallengthtoelongateandbecomemyopicintheform-deprivedeyes,withthedecreaseofretinaldopamineandtheincreaseofTGFβ2andvasoactiveintestinalpolypeptide(VIP)protein.IntravitrealinjectionofDL-α-AAAcouldinhibitthemyopicshiftfrom(-3.65±1.06)Dto(-1.48±0.63)D,P<0.01duetogogglesoccludingandcausethedecreaseofretinalTGFβ2proteininthedeprivedeyes.However,intravitrealinjectionofDL-α-AAAhadnosignificanteffectonretinaldopamineandVIPproteinindeprivedeyes.RetinalTGFβ2proteincorrelatedhighlywiththeocularrefraction(y=-3.34+0.31/x,F=74.75,P<0.001)andaxiallength(y=8.39-0.02/x,F=48.32,P<0.001)indifferenttreatmentgroups.·CONCLUSION:IntravitrealinjectionofDL-α-AAAiseffectivelyabletosuppressthedevelopmentofformdeprivationmyopia,whichmaybeassociatedwithretinalTGFβ2proteininguineapigs.

简介：AIM:ToevaluatetheeffectofCollagencross-linkingonthepreventionofmeltinginrabbitcorneasafteralkaliburn.·METHODS:TwentyNewZealandwhiterabbitswererandomlydividedintomodelcontrolgroupandcollagencross-linkingtreatmentgroup.Thesecondgroupofrabbitsreceivedcollagencrosslinkedtreatment.Bothgroupswereappliedwithantibioticeyedropstopreventinfection.Thecorneaswereevaluatedformelting,opacity,pathologicalandimmunohistochemistry,recordthechangeswhen28daysaftertheanimalswerekilled.·RESULTS:Inthecontrolgroup,6outof8rabbitsshowedcornealmeltingafterinjury(14±4)days,whiletwocornealperforated.Incollagencross-linkingtreatmentgroup,onerabbitshowedcornealmeltingafterinjury23days,withoutcornealperforation;cornealdissolutionratebetweenthetwogroupswassignificantlydifferent(P<0.05).Pathologicalexaminationsuggestedthatinthetreatmentgroup,mildcornealedema,milddamagetocollagenfibers,inflammatorycellinfiltrationwassignificantlylessthanthecontrolgroup.Immunohistochemistryshowedthatcornealcollagenfibersarrangedinneatrowsinthecontrolgroup.·CONCLUSION:Collagencross-linkingtreatmentnotonlycanpreventanddelaythecornealmeltingafteralkaliburn,butalsocanreducethedestructionofcornealcollagenfibersandinfiltrationofinflammatorycellsinthecornealtissue.

简介：AIM:Tostudythedistributionofocularhigher-orderaberrations(HOAs)andmesopicpupilsizeinindividualsscreenedforrefractivesurgery.·METHODS:OcularHOAsandmesopicpupilsizewerestudiedin2458eyesof1240patientswithmyopia,myopicastigmatismandcompoundmyopicastigmatismand215eyesof110patientswithhyperopia,hyperopicastigmatismandcompoundhyperopicastigmatismusingtheZywaveaberrometer(Busch&Lomb).Allpatientshadcorrectablerefractiveerrorswithoutahistoryofrefractivesurgeryorunderlyingdiseases.Root-mean-squarevaluesofHOAs,totalsphericalaberration,totalcomaandmesopicpupilsizewereanalyzed.OcularHOAsweremeasuredacrossa≥6.0mmpupil,andpupilsizemeasurementswereperformedunderthemesopiccondition.·RESULTS:ThemeanvaluesofHOAs,totalsphericalaberrationandtotalcomainthemyopicgroupwere0.369μm,±0.233,0.133±0.112μmand0.330±0.188μm,respectively.InthehyperopicgroupthemeanvaluesofHOAs,totalsphericalaberrationandtotalcomawere0.418μm±0.214,0.202±0.209μmand0.343±0.201μm,respectively.HyperopesshowedgreatertotalHOAs(P<0.01)andtotalsphericalaberration(P<0.01)comparedtomyopes.Inage-matchedanalysis,onlytheamountoftotalsphericalaberrationwashigherinthehyperopicgroup(P=0.05).Mesopicpupilsizeinthemyopicgroupwaslarger(P≤0.05).·CONCLUSION:TheresultssuggestedthatsignificantlevelsofHOAswerefoundinbothgroupswhichareimportantforplanningrefractivesurgeriesonIranians.Thereweresignificantlyhigherlevelsoftotalsphericalaberrationinhyperopescomparedtomyopes.Mesopicpupilsizewaslargerinmyopicgroup.

简介：AIM:Toevaluatetheeffectsandsafetyofphacoemu-lsification(Phaco)orsmall-incisionextracapsularcataractsurgery(SICS)andintraocularlens(IOL)implantationforagedpatients.METHODS:Totally137agedpatients(149eyes)underwentcataractoperationinthecaseofstablesystemiccondition,thebloodpressurelessthan160/95mmHg,bloodglucoselessthan8mmol/L,andunderthehelpofelectrocardiogramsurveillancebyanesthesiologistsduringtheoperation.106agedpatients(114eyes)underwentPhacowhile31agedpatients(35eyes)underwentSICS.Thepostoperativevisualacuity,cornealendothelialcellloss,surgerytimeandmajorcomplicationswereobservedandanalyzedretrospectively.RESULTS:Thebest-correctedvisualacuity(BCVA)of≥0.6wasachievedin135eyes(92.6%)at1monthpostoperatively(χ2=259.730,P<0.001).Foragedpatients,bothPhacoandSICScouldsignificantlyimprovevisualacuitywithnosignificantdifference(χ2=4.535,P>0.05).Postoperativecornealendothelialcelllosswas18.6%,inPHACOgroup,theratewas18.5%;inSICSgroup,theratewas19.0%,thedifferenceofwhichwasnosignificant(χ2=0.102,P>0.05).Thesurgerytimewasdifferentintwogroups.Noseverecomplicationsoccurred.CONCLUSION:BothPhacoandSICScombinedwithIOLimplantationforagedpatientsareeffectiveandsafe.Beforesurgery,detailedphysicalexaminationshouldbeperformed.Whenthesystemicconditionisstable,cataractsurgeryforagedpatientsissafe.

简介：AIM:Toexaminetheα-Galgeneexpressionanddistributioninthedifferentspecies/genusanddevelopingphaseanimalocularsurfacetissue.METHODS:α-Galbindingassaywerecarriedoutonvariousanimaleyesections.Photograph,slit-lampobservationonvariouseyeshowednormalcornealtransparence.RESULTS:Astrongα-Galexpressionininvertebratesandsomevertebratesoculartissue,butnoα-Galbindinginbirds,fishandmammal.α-Galexpressionchangeinthedevelopmentofmiceocularsurfacetissue(exceptsclera)anddisplaygenusdependencyinthedifferentmurineocularsurfacetissue.CONCLUSION:Thisstudyidentifiedspecificα-Galepitopesbindingareaintheocularsurfaceofseveralspeciesandmaysolvetheproblemthatnaiveocularsurfacemaybeusedasnaturalα-Galgeneknockoutmodel/highriskimmunologicrejectionmodelorocularsurfacescaffoldmaterial.

简介：AIM:ToinvestigatetheexpressionsoftypeIcollagen,α2integrinandβ1integrinintheposteriorscleraofguineapigswithdefocusmyopiaandwhetherbasicfibroblastgrowthfactor(bFGF)injectioninhibitstheformationanddevelopmentofmyopiabyupregulatingtheexpressionoftypeIcollagen,α2integrinandβ1integrin.METHODS:After14daysoftreatment,therefractivestateandaxiallengthweremeasuredandthelevelsoftypeIcollagen,α2integrinandβ1integrinwereassayedintheposteriorscleraeofgroupsofguineapigsthatworeamonocular-7Dpolymethylmethacrylate(PMMA)lensorhad-7DlenswearfollowedbytheperibulbarinjectionofPhosphateBufferSolution(PBS)orbFGF.Theuntreatedfelloweyeservedasacontrol.Guineapigswithnotreatmentservedasnormalgroup.·RESULTS:Theresultsshowedthat14daysofmonoculardefocusincreasedaxialeyelengthandrefraction,whilebFGFdeliveryinhibitedthemmarkedly.Further,itwasalsofoundthatthemonocular-7DlenscoulddecreasethelevelsoftypeIcollagen,α2integrinandβ1integrinexpressions,while,unlikePBS,bFGFincreasedthemsignificantlyincomparisontocontralateralcontroleyesandnormaleyes.CONCLUSION:bFGFcanpreventtheformationanddevelopmentofdefocusmyopiabyupregulatingtheexpressionsoftypeIcollagen,α2integrinandβ1integrin.Takentogether,ourresultsdemonstratethatbFGFpromotesscleraremodelingtopreventmyopiainguineapigs.

简介：摘要近些年以来随着中药饮片越来越受到患者青睐。各种类型的中药饮片也应运而生。但传统的类型还是备受关注。同时，在煎煮中药饮片的过程中煎煮方法与中药疗效之间有着密不可分的联系。针对不同中药饮片的功效、特性以及材质，也有与之相适应的中药煎煮方式。正确的煎煮，将会有助于呈现最大限度的中药疗效。反之，如果对其选择了不适当的煎煮操作，则有可能在根本上减损中药应有的疗效性。因此可以得知，煎煮中药适用正确方法有助于优化中药疗效，对此应当深入探求疗效与煎煮方式的内在联系。

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简介：科普剧是一种将科普知识、科学实验等以表演剧的形式表现出来的创新型教育模式，以其科学与艺术相结合的特点，深受青少年学生的喜爱。本文就以我校师生创作的环保科普剧《去年的树》为案例，提出科普剧创作的要点和注意事项。

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简介：AIM:Toassesstheeffectivenessofimmunosuppressantsintheprophylaxisofcornealallograftrejectionafterhigh-riskkeratoplastyandnormal-riskkeratoplasty.METHODS:WesearchedtheCochraneCentralRegisterofControlledTrials(CENTRAL),MEDLINE,EMBASE,CNKI,VIPandreferencelistsofarticles.Dateofmostrecentsearch:18June,2011.Allrandomisedcontrolledtrials(RCTs)assessingtheuseofimmunosupressantsinthepreventionofgraftrejection,irrespectiveofpublicationlanguage.Twoauthorsassessedtrialqualityandextracteddataindependently.Onlydichotomousoutcomes(cleargraftsurvival,ratioofimmunereactionsandsideeffects)wereavailableandwereexpressedasrelativerisk(RR)and95%confidenceintervals(CI).RESULTS:Sevenstudieswereincludedinthisreview.Inthecomparingofmycophenolatemofetil(MMF)withplacebo,theresultsshowedMMFcouldsignificantlyreduceimmunereactionscomparedwithplacebo(RR1.0895%Cl0.95to1.21),butnoeffectoncleargraftsurvival(RR1.1195%Cl0.90to1.35).Incleargraftsurvivalandimmunereactions,MMFandcyclosporineA(CsA)showedsimilareffect(RR1.1195%Cl0.90to1.35,andRR1.48,95%Cl0.56to3.93,respectively).Tacrolimus(FK506)andsteroidshowedsimilareffectsoncleargraftsurvivalandimmunereactions(RR0.32,95%CI0.02to6.21,andRR1.00,95%CI0.88to1.14,respectively).Nodrugrelativesideeffecthasbeenfound.CONCLUSION:MMFmayreduceimmunereactionsinbothnormal-riskandhigh-riskrejectionofpenetratingkeratoplasty.CsAandFK506showedsimilareffectsasMMF.However,duetothelackoflargeclinicaltrials,theevidenceremainweak,thequalityofevidenceswereratedasverylowtomoderate.Large,properlyrandomised,placebo-controlled,doublemaskedtrialsareneededtoevaluatetheeffectofimmunosuppressants.

简介：有一个故事，故事中的情节一直盘旋于心间。后来借助美学课，我把它推送给了学生。“那个寂静的月夜，罗耆波走进摩诃摩耶的卧室，月光恰好照在她脸上，多么可怕呀!”罗耆波为什么要走进去啊？!

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简介：孩子爱抠手,甚至把自己的手都抠破了也不罢休,这是为什么呢?如何做,可以让孩子不再抠手伤害自己?小单爱抠手的故事这两天主班毛老师请假,把配班小王老师忙得够呛,今天,毛老师上班来了,小王老师说:'毛老师,你终于回来了,这两天发生了一件大事,可把我愁坏了。'下面就是小王老师说的大事:'毛老师,小单昨天手上起皮了,他就抠啊抠啊抠,结果皮抠破了,出血了,就哇哇大哭,我赶紧给他拿创可贴。结果他就开始抠创可贴,抠啊抠啊抠啊,一会儿创可贴又抠坏了,就让我给他换,我不换,他就使劲哭喊,没办法我赶紧再给他换了一个,

简介：<正>西藏,地域辽阔、美丽富饶,是一块全球最高又带神奇色彩的土地。就在这块土地上,曾出现过多少次反抗侵略、反对压迫的英雄业绩,涌现过像格萨尔、元丹贡布等多少个英雄人物和科学工作者,也因此而流传着多

简介：胆固醇斑块和血块可以潜伏在全身的血管。尽管供应心脏的动脉是目前最常见的藏身之处,身体其它部位的动脉也可被斑块严重缩小。

简介：摘要目的咯血是支气管、肺部疾病常见症状，咯血常易引起患者重视而及时就诊。咯血是指喉部以下的呼吸道或肺部组织出血经口腔咳出者。咯血主要见于呼吸系统疾病，如肺结核、支气管内膜结核、支气管扩张、肺炎、慢性支气管炎、支气管肺癌等。目的讨论肺结核引发的咯血的护理。方法配合医生的诊断与治疗进行护理。结论对患者的饮食、休息等方面的护理可以使患者更快恢复健康。

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