简介：体积的动态脆弱Zr64Cu16Ni10Al10合金的金属性的玻璃(BMG)被三点的横梁弯曲学习方法。脆弱参数mforZr64Cu16Ni10Al10BMG被计算在高温度是24.5，它意味着液体是一强壮“液体，当时在液体是的工具的低温度是13.4一超级强壮”液体。在supercooled区域的Zr64Cu16Ni10Al10BMG的动态行为经历一对超级强壮的转变强壮。到我们的知识，是第一次strong-to-superstrong转变在金属性的玻璃里被发现。用散布实验的小角度X光，我们发现这转变被假定与在supercooled液体的一个阶段分离过程有关。

简介：Thisisanaccountofthechangesinfunding,administration,andmanagementoftheBritishGeologicalSurvey(BGS),theoldestgovernment-fundedgeologicalsurveyintheworld,fromtheearly1980sto2000.Itwillintereststudentsofpublicadministration,historiansofscienceandgeologicalsurveys,andthosewhohavefollowedtheconvolutedrecenthistoryofBGS.PeterAllenhasrenderedamostvaluableserviceindocumentinganddescribingasaninsider(heonlyrecentlyretiredfromapositionasAssistantDirector)thestrugglestomaintaintheSurveyanditsprimeroleofdiscovering,

简介：Withtheneedtorebuildinfrastructureanditspoliticalsystem,Serbiahastocompletetwotransitions,achievingprogressdomesticallyandgainingrecognitionfromtheEuropeanUnion.Eventhoughthelongandwindingroadoftransitionmayhavelookedlikeadeadend,theproblemscouldmoreaccuratelybedescribedasdeadlock,andpost-transitionSerbiacouldhavearelativelybrightfuture.

简介：Inrecentdevelopmentsinchemistryandgeneticengineering,thehumbleresearcherdealingwiththeoriginoflifefindsher(him)selfinagreyareaoftacklingsomethingthatevendoesnotyethaveacleardefinitionagreedupon.Aseriesofchemicalstepsisdescribedtobeconsideredasthelife-nonlifetransition,ifoneadherestotheminimalisticdefinition:lifeisself-reproductionwithvariations.ThefullyartificialRNAsystemchosenfortheexplorationcorrespondssequence-wisetothereconstructedinitialtripletrepeats,presumablycorrespondingtotheearliestprotein-codingmolecules.Thedemonstratedoccurrenceofthemismatches(variations)inotherwisecomplementarysyntheses("self-reproduction"),inthisRNAsystem,opensanexperimentalandconceptualperspectivetoexploretheoriginoflife(anditsdefinition),ontheapparentedgeoftheorigin.

简介：Theforegoingsixresponsesmayresultineitherpeaceorconflict,whichbringaboutanotherissueininternationalrelationstheory,thatis,howtoavoidconflict,orinotherwords,whetherpeacefultransitionofpowercanbeachieved.

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简介：我们在评估平行系统的表演分析随机的Petri捕捞的通常分布式的时间转变(GDTT_SPN)的缺点，并且建议一个更多的一般模型，随机的单个谓词/转变网(SIPTN)。SIPTN让更高的建模，在SIPTN与GDTT_SPN相比驱动并且能提供更多的实际模式，实际模型逗留时间分发不仅被转变，而且由个人决定。GDTT_SPN是SIPTN的一个子集，这进一步被证明。当SIPTN介绍从谓词/转变网络合拢技术，SIPTN模型有更简单、更直觉的图形的符号和因此更高的可用性，并且因此对为平行系统构造模拟模式合适。

简介：TheIslamicworldrepresentsanimportantforcetobereckonedwithintheinternationalpoliticalarena.Beingendowedwithhugeoilandgasresourcesandcommandingaspecialstrategicpositiononavitalrouteforinternationalcommerce,tradeandshipping,ithasalwaysbeenafocusofcontentionamongmajorpowers,andisnowanareatowhichtheU.S.globalstrategypaysspecialattention.Underthedoublepressureofeconomic

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简介：Thecharacteristicsofalaminarwalljetsubmittedtodifferentconfigurationshavebeenexperimentallyexploredinordertoobtainabetterknowledgeoftransitionmodifications,Infactdifferentparameterscanaccelerateordelaythetransitionusingasmoothorroughsurface,heatedornot,submittedtovibrationsornot.Inthisstudy,significanteffectscanbenoticed.Ithasbeenpossibletomeasurethebeginningofgrowthratesofdisturbanceamplitudeusingawindtunnelandcomparingtheresultswiththelinearstabilitytheory.

简介：提炼伴随转变从的变化对在蝗虫的独居的阶段状态群居是那么激烈的很长时间，这些阶段被看作不同种类。是鲍里斯·乌瓦罗夫介绍了polyphenism的概念。研究的十年表明阶段转变在morphometry，表皮的颜色，行为和生理学的几个方面暗示变化。在最近的十年，特别地，相当很多分子的研究被承担了揭开阶段相关的差别。他们导致了新奇卓见进corazonin的角色，neuroparsins，一些朊酶禁止者，phenylacetonitrile等等。蝗虫的EST数据库的来临(例如坑等，2004)是在生理、行为的蝗虫研究的很令人鼓舞的新奇开发。然而，最吸引人的问题的答案，也就是是否有阶段转变的初发的分子的inducer，在不久的将来可能不在活动范围以内。

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简介：Modernizationtheorypredictslooseningfamilytiesandthegradualdeclineoffamilysupportsfortheelderly.Inatransitionaleconomy,wearguethattherapidlygrowingincomeforadultchildrenhelpstomaintainfamilysupportsfortheelderlyatahighlevel.Datafrom2005China's1%populationsurveyshowsthathalfofelderlypeopleintownsorruralareasreliedonfamilysupportsasthemainsourceforliving.Theodds-ratiofromLogisticregressionshowsthatfamilysupportswerefargreaterforfemalesthanmalesandfargreaterforruralthanforurbanresidents.Labormigrationbyaruralhouseholdmembergreatlyenhancedtheoddsoffamilysupportsfortheelderlyinruralareas.Inthecities,wefoundthattheoddsoffamilysupportswerethehighestinthewell-developedregionsalongthecoast.Asthepopulationisrapidlyaging,moregovernmenteffortsareneededtoexpandsocializedsupportsfortheelderly,especiallytotheweakest.

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简介：Therearepresently33independentcountriesand12regionsthathavenotyetacquiredindependenceinLatinAmerica.TheyincludeMexico,CentralAmerica,Caribbeanregion,andSouthAmerica.

简介：SpectroscopicmethodsareusedtoinvestigatecoordinationstructureofN-picolylpolyurethanetransitionmetalcomplexes(PUPYM,M=Co^2+andNi^2+).Geometricalarrangementofligandsinfirst-shellcoordinationsphereofmetalionsispostulatedtobetetrahedralCoL2Cl2andoctahedralNiL2-Cl2Z2.whereListhepicolylgroupandZisahydrate.FromextendedX-rayabsorptionfinestructure(EXAFS)analysis,bondlengthsformetal-chlorineandmetal-ligandofPUPYMaresimilartothoseofsmallmolecularweighttransitionmetalcomplexes.Atwo-phasemodelofPUPYMwhichbestdescribestheexperimentaldataofDMTAandSAXS.isproposed.Onemicrophaseistheharddomainofselfsegregatedhaedsegmentsbroughtaboutbymetal-ligandinteraction.andtheotherphaseisthematrixofsoftsegments.Transitionmetalion-ligandmoietiesandtheirinteractionsdominatethemacroscopicthermalbehaviorofPUPYM.Theligandfieldstabilizationenergydifference(ΔLFSE)betweenmteald-electronsincomplexeswithtwopicolylligandsinthecoordinationsphereofmetalionsandcomplexesmaintainingonepicolylligandascoordinationpendentgroupiscalculatedonthebasisofobservedcoordinationstructure,anditrepresentstheenergysuppliedtosplitcoordinationcross-links.ΔLFSEofpolyurethanenickel(II)complexislargerthanthatofthecobalt(II)complex,Sincethemobilityofhardsegmentsisininverseproportiontothestrengthofcoordinationcross-links.ahigherα-transitiontemperatureofPUPYNi^2+withrespecttoPUPYCo^2+isfoundasexpected.

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简介：Theinternationalorderisbuiltontheprinciplesofsovereignequality,nationalinterests,greatpowersandrespectforhumanrightsamongothers.Internationalrivalryandcooperationhaveexistedsidebysideoverthepastfewcenturies,whilethefoundationsofaninternationalorderhavesolidified.Wearenowseeingatransitionintheinternationalorderthatrequiresnewinnovativewaysofthinking.Chinaisseenasthekeydriverofthesechangesbecauseofitsuniquestatus,patternofgrowthandfuturepotential.Chinashouldembracethishistoricopportunityandtakeonitsobligationstocontributetothebirthofanewmoderninternationalorder.

简介：Amodificationofthetransitionstatetheoryforevaporationandcondensationispresentedbyanalysingthekineticcharacteristicsofliquid-vapourinterphasetransport.Inthemodifiedtransitionstatetheory,themovingorientationofmoleculesisintroducedintothecalculationofthefreevolumeoftheactivatedcomplex.Thecondensationcoefficientsofargonatdifferenttemperaturesarecalculatedwiththemodifiedtransitionstatetheory.Theresultsagreewellwiththosefrommoleculardynamicssimulations.

简介：ExaminingChina'spopulationchangesinthepastthreedecadesdemonstratesthatChina'sdemographictransitionhasbeensuccessfullycompletedwithasplendidandzigzagpath.Thereareprofoundhistoricalexperiencesandlessons.ThispaperreviewsChina'sfertilitytransitionwhichisdividedintofourperiodsandarguesthatfertilitychangesarearesultoftheinteractionsbetweensocioeconomicdevelopment,fertilitybehaviorsandfertilitypolicies.Substantialresistancetothe'one-childpolicy'during1979to1984resultedinreboundingandfluctuatingfertility.Thebabyboomoccurredintheperiod1985to1991wasamanifestationoftheinherentlawsofdemographicdynamics,andsubsequentlyforcefulbirthcontrolwasagainmobilized.Theperiodfrom1992to1999witnessedlargedeclinesinfertilitywhichpenetratesthereplacementzone,showingthatChinawascompletingthefertilitytransition.China'sstabilizinglowfertilityandemergingpopulationstructuralissuessince2000callforcomprehensivewaysinaddressingthepopulationproblems.