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简介：Thereisalonghistoryoffailureininternationalcooperationinmedicalequip-menttechnology.IFMBEandJSMEBEhavemadegreateffortstoremedythesitua-tion.Recently,JSMEBEisaskedbyJapaneseGovermenttoprovideaguidelinefortheactivities.Acommitteewasformedfor3years,andasaresultofextensivesur-veystudiesbyquestionaries,interviewsandcorrespondences,thefinalguidelinewaspublished(inJapanese)March1993.Itisavailableonrequest,andEnglishtransla-

简介：Introduction:Frequencydoublingtechnology(FDT)providesascreeningprogramforthedetectionofglaucomatousopticnervedamage.Theexaminationtimeusingthisprogramisveryshort,lessthanoneminutepereye.High-passresolutionperime-try(HRP)isknowntobesensitiveforearlyglaucomadamageandhasbeenreportedtodetectchangeearlier,thanconvention-

简介：Basedonthethermaltomographytechnology,thisthesistriestocalculatequantityanddistributionofheatsourceinvivofrombodysurfacetemperature.AsuperpositiontemperatureimageofanumberofpointheatsourcesissurfacefittedtogettheQofheatsources(informationofcancercells)quantitatively.Theresultcanreflectthediseaseareainformationbecausecancercell'sQvalueismuchhigherthanthatofnormalcell.Thisapplicationisanewtryinthediagnosisofbreastcancer,whichhasanimportantvalueontheearlydetectionanddiagnosisofdiseasesource.

简介：自从20世纪90年代中期数字助听器问世以来，助听器在主要性能、外观和处理算法等方面有了更为广泛的选择空间。①与20年前初次问世的一次性助听器不同，现在的耳背式一次性助听器可以根据个体耳道情况定制耳模，提高了佩戴舒适性，选配时间大大缩短，选配当时即可取走助听器；价格低廉；患者更换助听器变得容易。但对于长期使用的患者，购买一次性助听器的花费并不见得比购置“永久性助听器”少：有限的矩阵并不能满足所有类型的听力损失患者；对于某些对于外观要求较高的患者，耳背式助听器并不能满足其需求。

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简介：AbstractAlthough considerable advances have been made in the field of assisted reproductive technology (ART), millions of couples still suffer from infertility and miscarriage. In a large number of cases, the etiology of these common reproductive failures remains unknown. However, the significance of autoantibodies in infertility and miscarriage has sparked extensive interest because of their pleiotropic roles in disrupting normal pregnancy. This review discusses the pleiotropic roles of a series of autoantibodies in infertility and miscarriage. A brief recapitulation of how the autoantibodies interfere with ART outcomes and treatments for this type of idiopathic infertility or miscarriage is also provided. While several disputes remain to be resolved, further studies employing better designs and larger sample sizes are required in view of the therapeutic potential of autoantibody inhibitors and the future of contraceptive vaccines.

简介：AbstractAssisted reproductive technology (ART) has evolved rapidly over the last 40 years, offering hope to individuals and couples struggling with infertility. As technology continues to evolve, simulating a realistic female reproductive system environment has become a common goal for all types of ARTs, thereby reducing the impact of the artificial microenvironment on perinatal and offspring health. In this review, we provide a brief history of the development of each major ART and discuss the impact of ART on perinatal and offspring health. We also explore how the negative consequences of ART may be overcome and how its benefits can be maximized.

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简介：AbstractDrug resistance via drug-resistant mutations in the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) genome is the primary cause of antiviral therapy failure. Consequently, HIV drug resistance genotyping has become a critical approach in HIV prevention and control. Compared to the Sanger sequencing technology, high-throughput sequencing (HTS) technology has superior sensitivity and timeliness, with strong detection capabilities for low-frequency mutations. With the continued advancement of HTS technologies, their prominence in HIV drug resistance detection techniques has increased accordingly. This article will review the latest developments in HTS technology and its applications in HIV drug resistance testing.

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简介：AbstractWith the development of human assisted reproductive technology (ART), an objective, accurate, and non-invasive method to assess the quality and viability of oocytes and embryos remains one of the most significant goals. Granulosa cells (GCs) play an essential role in oocyte development. GCs can differentiate into mural GCs (MGCs) and cumulus cells (CCs) under the influence of oocytes. MGCs promote the growth and development of follicles by secreting cytokines and steroid hormones. Simultaneously, CCs can form cumulus-oocyte complexes to communicate with oocytes through gap junctions and promote oocyte growth and maturation. Seeking suitable biomarkers in GCs provides a direction for the non-invasive assessment of oocyte and embryo abilities during ART procedures. To date, only a few studies have investigated potentially effective GC biomarkers during ART processes, such as the apoptosis of GCs, transcriptomic characteristics of GCs, quality and quantity of mitochondria in GCs, and telomere length of such cells. These are potential reference indices for screening high-quality oocytes and embryos. Independent studies on MGCs and CCs can provide more effective results. Although there is scope for optimization and improvement, the results have become increasingly accurate with the constant advances in technology. Due to the heterogeneity of the study population and technical limitations, clinical tests for GCs cannot be performed as part of routine tests, but their prospects are promising. This article reviews the biomarkers that have been studied in MGCs and CCs.

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简介：Inthispaper,weproposeamethodtoimproveanti-radiationcapabilitybycoatingheavymetalX-rayprotectionglasswithcompoundphotoniccrystallayers,basedontheuniquepropertyofphotoniccrystalthatlightcannotbepropagatedwithintherangeofbandgaps.Usingtheplanewaveexpansionmethod,wemadeatheoreticalstudyofparametersaffectingthebandgapstructuresofone-dimensionalphotoniccrystals.Basedonthefindings,wechoseappropriatematerialsandcompoundstructureofphotoniccrystalsoastogethighX-rayreflectioncoatingphotoniccrystallayers.Bythismethod,thereflectionratewithinX-raywavelengthcanreachthemaximumvalueof100%,andtheaveragevalueofover90%.Evenlow-costheavymetalX-rayprotectionglassofabsorptioncoefficientvaluecanachievethedesiredeffect.Thus,thismethodgreatlydecreasestheanti-radiationrequirementsofheavyX-rayprotectionglass.

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简介：AbstractSince the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, major innovative-oriented countries have adopted various science and technology innovation (STI) policies to address global public health challenges. Using data from the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development STI Database, this study analyzed international STI policies in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings revealed that the pandemic has dramatically stimulated the application of STI policies, and there are commonalities and differences in the STI policies of different countries. Meanwhile, COVID-19 has disrupted planning for allocating resources for STIs, leading to duplication and inefficiency. Based on the findings, this study recommends increasing research investment to address the long-term challenges of major infectious diseases, strengthening support for enterprises, promoting data sharing and openness, enhancing the internationalization of scientific research, strengthening scientific consultation and communication, and devoting more policy attention to vulnerable groups.

简介：瞄准：开发高产量的复合、快、简单的试金扫描精子缺乏因素(AZF)区域Y染色体上的微删除并且建立Ychromosomal的流行在有精子缺乏或oligozoospermia的中国不肥沃的男性的微删除。方法：总共，有精子缺乏的178个不肥沃的病人(非妨碍)，有oligozoospermia的134个不肥沃的病人以及40肥沃的人控制在现在的学习被包括。样品为AZF微删除使用被屏蔽优化multi-analyte暂停数组(MASA)技术。结果：312个病人，(11.5%)36被发现在AZF区域有删除。微删除频率是14%(25/178)在精子缺乏组织，(11/134)8.2%在oligospermia组织。在有微删除的36个病人之中，19在AZFb在AZFc区域，在AZFa的七有的删除和六有的删除有删除。另外，四个病人有AZFb和AZFc删除。在AZF区域的删除都没在40肥沃的控制被发现。结论：有Ychromosomal的高流行在有精子缺乏或oligozoospermia的中国不肥沃的男性的微删除。MASA技术，在现在的学习被建立了，为检测Y染色体的删除提供一个敏感、高产量的方法。并且结果建议基因屏蔽应该在开始帮助繁殖治疗前被劝告到不肥沃的人。

简介：Next-generationsequencing(NGS)technologyiscapableofsequencingmillionsorbillionsofDNAmoleculessimultaneously.Therefore,itrepresentsapromisingtoolfortheanalysisofmoleculartargetsfortheinitialdiagnosisofdisease,monitoringofdiseaseprogression,andidentifyingthemechanismofdrugresistance.OnbehalfoftheTumorBiomarkerCommitteeoftheChineseSocietyofClinicalOncology(CSCO)andtheChinaActionableGenomeConsortium(CAGC),thepresentexpertgroupherebyproposesadvisoryguidelinesonclinicalapplicationsofNGStechnologyfortheanalysisofcancerdrivergenesforprecisioncancertherapy.Thisgroupcomprisesanassemblyoflaboratorycancergeneticists,clinicaloncologists,bioinformaticians,pathologists,andotherprofessionals.Aftermultipleroundsofdiscussionsandrevisions,theexpertgrouphasreachedapreliminaryconsensusontheneedofNGSinclinicaldiagnosis,itsregulation,andcompliancestandardsinclinicalsamplecollection.Moreover,ithaspreparedNGScriteria,thesequencingstandardoperationprocedure(SOP),dataanalysis,report,andNGSplatformcertificationandvalidation.

简介：Thispaperaimstotheresearchoftheimpactoffluidshearstressontheadhesionbetweenvascularendothelialcellsandleukocyteinducedbytumornecrosisfactor-α(TNF-α)bymicrofliudicchiptechnology.Microfluidicchipwasfabricatedbysoftlithograph;Endothelialmicrofluidicchipwasconstructedbyoptimizingtypesoftheextracellularmatrixproteinsmodifiedinthemicrochannelandcellincubationtime;humanumbilicalveinendothelialcellsEA.Hy926linedinthemicrochannelwereexposedtofluidshearstressof1.68dynes/cm~2and8.4dynes/cm~2respectively.Meanwhile,adhesionbetweenEA.Hy926cellsandleukocytewasinducedbyTNF-αunderaflowcondition.EA.Hy926cellculturedinthestaticconditionwasusedascontrolgroup.Thenumbersoffluorescently-labeledleukocyteinmicrochannelwerecountedtoquantizetheadhesionlevelbetweenEA.Hy926cellsandleukocyte;cellimmunofluorescencetechniquewasusedtodetecttheintercellularadhesionmolecule(ICAM-1)expression.TheconstructedendothelialmicrofluidicchipcanaffordtothefluidshearstressandrespondtoexogenousstimulusofTNF-α;comparedwiththeadhesionnumbersofleukocyteincontrolgroup,adhesionbetweenEA.Hy926cellsexposedtolowfluidshearstressandleukocytewasreducedunderthestimulusofTNF-αataconcentrationof10ng/ml(P<0.05);leukocyteadhesionwithEA.Hy926cellsexposedtohighfluidshearstresswasreducedsignificantlythanEA.Hy926cellsincontrolgroupandEA.1Hy926cellsexposedtolowfluidshearstress(P<0.01);theregulationmechanismoffluidshearstresstotheadhesionbetweenEA.Hy926cellsandleukocyteinducedbyTNF-αwasthroughthewayofICAM-1.Theendothelialmicrofluidicchipfabricatedinthispapercouldbeusedtostudythefunctionsofendothelialcellinvitroandprovideanewtechnicalplatformforexploringthepathophysiologyoftherelatedcardiovascularsystemdiseasesunderaflowenvironment.