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简介：Theestablishmentofsuspensionculturesystemforneem(AzadirachtaindicaA.Juss)cellsandthesuspensioncultureconditionwasstudied.ItshowsthattheneemcellsuspensionculturesystemwasbestinB5liquidmedium,2.0~4.0mg/LNAAwithdirectspillmethod.Basedontheintegratedanalysisofcellbiomass,Azadirachtincontentandproductivity,theoptimumcultureconditionswereB5liquidmedium,2.0-4.0mg/LNAA,3%sucroseat25℃.Theoptimumrotatingspeedoftheshakerandbrothcontentd...

简介：Thepresentpaperisfocussedontheeffectsofviscousandturbulentshearstressesonbothverticalvelocityandconcentrationdistributionsinlargesuspensionofsands.Whentheflowcarrieslargeamountofsedimentsinsuspension,thepropertiesoffluidmixturearechangedintermsofmodifiedviscosity,densityandfallvelocity,andhencetheflowcharacteristics.Theoreticalmodelshavebeendevelopedforbothvelocityandconcentrationprofiles,takingintoaccounttheviscousandturbulentshearstresses,whicharethefunctionofvolumetricconcentration.Comparisonoftheoreticalmodelswithexperimentaldatarevealsthat(i)themodifiedvelocityandconcentrationprofilesagreewellwiththeobserveddataforhighsuspension,(ii)thehigherthesedimentsuspension,thesmallerthevonKarmanconstant,and(iii)sedimentdiffusioncoefficientislessthanmomentumdiffusioncoefficientforfinesandsinsuspension.

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简介：TheconstitutiveequationforasemiconcentratedfibresuspensionintheOldroyd-Bfluidhasbeenderivedfromastatisticalmodelofsuchasuspensionbyemployingthemoleculartheoryforpolymericliquids.Tocircumventtheoreticaldifficultiesinviscoelasticfluidmechanics,severalsimplifiedmodelsareusedtoaccountfortheinteractionsoffibresandpolymermolecules.Someofmaterialfunctionsarecalculatedintermsoftheconstitutiveequation.

简介：Theattitudecontrolsystemdesignanditscontroleffectareaffectedconsiderablybythemass-propertyparametersofthespacecraft.Inthemissionofon-orbitservicing,asfuelisexpended,orthepayloadsareaddedorremoved,thecenterofmasswillbechangedincertainaxe;consequently,somethrusters’directionsaredeviatedfromthecenterofmass(CM)incertainplane.TheCMofassembledspacecraftestimationandthrusterdirectioncontrolarestudied.Firstly,theattitudedynamicsoftheassembledspacecraftisestablishedbasedontheNewton-Eulermethod.Secondly,theestimationcanbeidentifiedbytheleastrecursivesquaresalgorithm.Then,aschemetocontrolthethrusters’directionsisproposed.Byusingthegimbalinstalledattheendoftheboom,theangleofthethrusteriscontrolledbydrivingthegimbal;therefore,thrusterscanbedirectedtotheCMagain.Finally,numericalsimulationsareusedtoverifythisscheme.Resultsofthenumericalsimulationsclearlyshowthatthiscontrolschemeisrationalandfeasible.

简介：Three-dimensionalnonlinearaerodynamicstabilityanalysiswasappliedtostudytheaerodynamicstabilityofacable-stayed-suspension(CSS)hybridbridgewithmainspanof1400meters,andtheeffectsofsomedesignparameters(suchasthecablesag,lengthofsuspensionportion,cableplanearrangement,subsidiarypiersinsidespans,thedeckform,etc.)ontheaerodynamicstabilityofthebridgeareanalyticallyinvestigated.Thekeydesignparameters,whichsignificantlyinfluencetheaerodynamicstabilityofCSShybridbridges,arepointedout,andbasedonthewindstabilitythefavorablestructuralsystemofCSShybridbridgesisdiscussed.

简介：在一家attritor工厂和最小的可完成的粒子尺寸的nanoparticles的磨擦行为被暂停稳定性强烈影响。在现在的工作，暂停稳定性(即nanoparticles的-potential)被作为在湿milling过程磨时间的功能测量pH学习。在在一家attritor工厂的某个时间以后，monotonically没有进一步的尺寸减小和平均产品粒子尺寸增加，这被发现。原因之一是亚微米粒子的生产导致更多的particleparticle相互作用，因而，暂停的pH与磨时间减少。通常pH价值与暂停稳定性有关，它能被NaOH的增加提高解决方案。51.2mV的最大的否定潜力为硅石在12的pH被获得。更高有一样的极性的潜力，将更高是在粒子之间的静电的排斥。因此，最大的静电的排斥力量被pH价值的调整在湿milling维持。实验以是在整个实验的维持的常数的不同pH条件被进行，nanosized粒子因而被获得。

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简介：Gas-solidtwo-phaseflowinacirculatingfluidizedbed(CFB)isaffectedbyoperatingconditions(e.g.,superficialgasvelocity,solidsinventory),materialpropertiesandgeometricfactors,suchastheentryandexitconfiguration.Inparticular,thesuspensionsection,whichislocatedbetweentheriserbottomandthesolidsrecycleinlet,affectsthehydrodynamicsintherisersignificantly.However,thesuspensionsectionhasreceivedlessattentioncomparedwithothergeometricfactors.Mostcomputationalfluiddynamics(CFD)simulations,especiallytwo-dimensionalsimulationsdonottakethisfactorintoaccount.Weperformedthree-dimensional,full-loopCFDsimulationswithadragcoefficientthatwasdeterminedbytheenergy-minimizationmulti-scalemodel,andinvestigatedtheflowbehavioroftwoCFBswithdifferentsuspension-sectionlengths.ThesimulationresuitsrevealedthattheaxialprofilesofvoidageintheriserwithalongersuspensionsectionaremorelikelyS-shaped,whereasthosewithshortersuspensionsectionsdecayexponentially.ThedependencesofsolidsfluxonsolidsinventorydifferinthetwoCFBs.Ashortersuspensionsectionmayresultinasmoothtransitionfromdilutetodensetransportwithoutintermediateaccumulativechoki-ng,whereasaIongersuspensionsectionmayleadtoachokingtransition.Thesesimulationresultsarequalitativelyconsistentwiththeflowbehaviorsdescribedinliterature.

简介：DistributedLagrangeMultiplier/FictitiousDomain(DLM/FD)methodwasemployedtosimulatethechannelflowwithpolymersuspension.ThepolymermoleculesweremodeledasFinitelyExtensibleNonlinearElastic(FENE)chainsandFENEchaincluster.Thecoiled-stretchedtransitionofFENEchainswasexaminedandthechangeinconfigurationofFENEchainswaspresented.Theaveragevelocityprofileofthefullydevelopedchannelflowwith64FENEchainswasgivenandfittedwellwiththepower-lawcurve.Thechangeofchainclusterconfigurationwasalsosimulated.ThesesimulationsshowthatDLM/FDmethodiscapableofsimulatingthemotionofnotonlyFENEchain,butalsoFENEchaincluster.

简介：在固体和液体之间的批评粒子尺寸的决心分阶段执行，即，暂停胜任，为碎片流动是基本的。为基于粒子尺寸分析决定暂停胜任的一个方法在这份报纸被介绍。与Jiangjia溪谷的沉积准备的静态的试验性的水碎片混合物的暂停胜任是~0.025公里如果体积密度是不到1,800kg，m3和它与更多的集中的混合物的体积密度增加。在Jiangjia溪谷的自然碎片流动的暂停胜任与体积密度指数地增加。这二个数据集合被比较以便理解暂停机制。骚乱可以在粒子暂停起主要作用在，这被结束非粘滞并且亚viscous碎片流动，当时在里面粘滞两矩阵力量和过量毛孔浇的碎片流动迫使玩重要角色。

简介：这份报纸调查了处于暂停条件在铁的oxides/oxyhydroxides的结晶化上有或没有功能的组终止的五种Au表面的效果。自我装配的单层(SAM)被用来创造氢氧根(-OH),carboxyl(-COOH),胺(-NH2)和甲基(-CH3)functionalized出现，它证明了具有一样的表面密度。在Fe的底层的沉浸时间(哦)<潜水艇class=“a-plus-plus”>3暂停被划分成两次部分。在2h的第一个时期期间，除了之外，很少铁的oxide/oxyhydroxide被扔-Fe2O<潜水艇class=“a-plus-plus”>3在-NH2表面。为10h的结晶化在功能的表面上证实了更种铁混合物。Goethite和磁赤铁矿在四功能的表面上被注意，并且磁赤铁矿也在Au表面上成长了。-Fe2O<潜水艇class=“a-plus-plus”>3被发现在上哦表面，当时生长斜方晶并且等边六角形FeOOH在-NH2表面。就在自然的铁混合物的宽存在而言，我们的调查是到在暂停区域的铁biomineralization的学习的一个先例工作。

简介：Resultsofanexperimentalstudyontheeffectsofdifferentconcentrationsofwashloadonthesizeofbedfeaturesandresistancetoflowinalaboratoryflumearepresented.Theexperimentswerecarriedoutunderdifferenthydraulicconditionsina30mlong,0.204mwideand0.5mdeeptiltingflumeunderclearwaterconditionandinthepresenceofdifferentconcentrationofwashloadintheflow.Thebedmaterialusedconsistedofuniformsedimentofsize0.96mm.Analysisofthedataindicatesthatthecharacteristicsofthebedfeatureschangeandfrictionfactorincreasesinthepresenceofdifferentconcentrationofwashloadintheflow.Thereasonsforchangesinthecharacteristicsofthebedfeaturesandincreaseinfrictionfactorinthepresenceofwashloadareidentifiedandarelationshipforpredictingfrictionfactorinthepresenceofwashloadhasbeenestablished.

简介：最少的工具广场(LMS)适应过滤器算法在活跃暂停系统被使用。由调整适应过滤器的重量，最小的二次的表演索引被获得。为two-degree-of-freedom车辆暂停模型，LMS适应控制器被设计。触发的团和没有安装弹簧的质量的加速作为暂停性能的评估目标被决定。为LMS适应控制暂停，与被动暂停相比，加速力量光谱在道路输入模型decreased8-10下面的触发的集体加速的密度在高频率回声乐队或低频率回声乐队预定。模拟结果证明LMS适应控制简单、显著地有效。它进一步证明活跃控制暂停系统能处于各种各样的操作条件改进骑的舒适和处理安全，并且方法为暂停系统的活跃控制是合适的。

简介：Theadsorptionofnano-particlesonbubblesurfaceisdiscussedforsaturatedboilingonthinwireofnano-particlesuspensions.Owingtothedecreaseofsurfacetensionforsuspensions,thenano-particlestendtoadsorbonthebubblesurfacetodecreasetheGibbsfreeenergyforstability,andmeanwhilethevelocityofnano-particleswouldbesmallerthanthatofbubblegrowth.Thelong-rangevanderWaalsforceexistingbetween'waterparticles'andnano-particlesisconsideredtheattractiveforcebetweenthenano-particlesandthebubblesurface.Thus,thenano-particleswouldattachonthebubblesurfaceiftheparticle-surfacedistanceissmallerthanitscriticalvalue.Thedistributionofnano-particlesonthebubblesurfaceandintheadjacentregionisalsoinvestigated.

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简介：Inthispaper,multivariateGARCH(MGARCH)modelsareusedtoexaminethevolatilitytransmissionbetweentheShanghaiandShenzhenstockmarkets.Weshowthatthereisanasymmetryinthepredictabilityofthevolatilityofthetwomarketsforthe1997-2003period:EvidenceofpricevolatilityspilloversfromShanghaitoShenzhenisobservedbutnovolatilityspillovereffectintheoppositedirectionisfound.WefurthershowthatthiskindofasymmetryexistsmainlyafterSeptember2000whenShenzhensuspendedA-shareIPOs.Forthepre-September2000period,however,therehasnomuchsignificantvolatilitytransmissionacrossthetwoexchangesandonlyweakvolatilityspillovereffectsfromShenzhentoShanghaiarefound.ThefindingssuggestthatthesuspensionofIPOsintheShenzhenExchangemaybereversedthedirectionofvolatilityspilloversacrossthetwomarkets.Asaresult,theShanghaiExchangehasgraduallyobtaineditsleadingstatusintermsofinformationtransmission.

简介：在有90nm，200nm，320nm和400nm的不同直径的狭窄的尺寸分发的球形的硅石粒子被修改的圣准备?ber方法并且由扫描电子显微镜学(SEM)描绘了，传播电子显微镜学(TEM)和散布的动态光(DLS)。粒子的阶段作文被X光检查衍射描绘。结果显示每硅石粒子样品处于非结晶的状态。shear与200g摩尔1(PEG200)的分子的重量包括硅石粒子的53vol.%和聚乙烯乙二醇的47vol.%的变厚的液体(STF)被准备并且评估。尺寸和尺寸分发在上的影响批评砍率和紧张砍变厚被分析。硅石nanoparticles与90nm的一条直径准备的STF显示出巨大的rheological效果与批评砍2.51年代1,评估45,500Pas的最大的粘性和181kPa的收益压力。实验和分析结果证明nanoparticles准备的暂停有高紧张砍变厚。