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简介：Soilsalinityisoneofthemostimportantproblemsofcropproductioninestuarineandcoastalzones.Improvementinsalttoleranceofmajorfoodcropsisanimportantwayfortheeconomicutilizationofcoastalzones.Thisstudyprovedthattheapplicationofsalicylicacid(SA)improvedthegrowthandyieldundersaltstressconditionsandinvestigateditsphysiologicalmechanismsforsalttolerance.TheinvestigationontheeffectofSAforsalttoleranceduringgerminationshowedthatthedecreasedratesofgerminationandgrowth(intermsofshootandrootlengths)bythesaltstressweresignificantlyincreasedbytheSAapplication(SA+NaCl).ThetreatmentofSAtothehighandlowsalinesoilsenhancedthegrowth,yieldandnutrientvaluesofrice.TheeffectsofSAonNa+,K+andCl–ionicaccumulationweretracedundersaltstressconditionbyinductivelycoupledplasmaopticalemissionspectrometryandionchromatography.ItwasrevealedthattheincreasedaccumulationofNa+andClˉionsbythesaltstresswerereducedbySAapplication.AnincreasedconcentrationofendogenousSAlevelwasdetectedfromtheSA-treatedricevarieties(ASD16andBR26)byliquidchromatographyelectrosprayIonization-tandemmassspectrometry.Theactivitiesofantioxidantenzymessuchassuperoxidedismutase,catalaseandperoxidasewereincreasedbysaltstresswhereasdecreasedbytheSAapplication.ThestudyprovedthattheapplicationofSAcouldalleviatetheadverseeffectsofsaltstressbytheregulationofphysiologicalmechanisminriceplants.Inspiteofsaltstress,itcanbeappliedtothecoastalandestuarineregionstoincreasethericeproduction.

简介：Droughtisthemajorabioticstressfactorthatlimitsriceproductionworldwide.Toevaluatetheosmoticstressresponsesinricevarietiesunderdroughtcondition,atotalof42high-yieldingricevarietieswerecollectedfromvariousresearchstationsofKeralaAgriculturalUniversityinIndia.Theexperimentalsetupcomprisesofinitialhydroponictreatmentsatdifferentosmoticpotentials,artificiallyinducedbydesiredstrengthsofpolyethyleneglycol(PEG6000),andfollowedbythepotplantedexperimentsintherain-out-zone.Theactivitiesofantioxidantenzymes,relativewatercontent,cellmembranestability,photosyntheticpigments,prolinecontent,alongwithplantgrowthparametersofthevarietiesunderdroughtconditionwereevaluated.Moreover,thestandardscoresofthesericevarietieswereassessedunderstressandrecoveryconditionsbasedonthescoringscaleoftheStandardEvaluationSystemforrice.Amongthe42ricevarieties,weidentified2ricevarieties,SwarnaprabhaandKattamodan,withlessleafrolling,betterdroughtrecoveryabilityaswellasrelativewatercontent,increasedmembranestabilityindex,osmolyteaccumulation,andantioxidantenzymeactivitiespointedtowardstheirdegreeoftolerancetodroughtstress.Thepositiveadaptiveresponsesofthesericevarietiestowardsdroughtstresscanbeusedinthegeneticimprovementofricedroughtresistancebreedingprogram.

简介：Thestress-inducedmagneticdomainswitchinginFeGathinfilmsisstudiedusingphase-fieldmethod.Inparticular,themagneticfieldisappliedalongthe[110]directionandbiaxialstressesareappliedalong[100]and[010].Acompressivepre-stresscorrespondstoasmallercoercivemagneticfieldwhileatensilepre-stresscorrespondedtoalargercoercivefield.Atthesametime,itisalsofoundthatthetransitionbetweenbutterflyandsquare-likemagnetostrictionloopsoccursatthecriticaloppositebiaxialstressstate.Thetwodifferentevolutionscorrespondtotwodifferentmechanisms:oneisthatthesingledomainswingsacrossafanareabackandforth;theotheristhatthesingledomainturnsaclockwisecircle.Theresultscanbeexplainedbythestresstunedanisotropyenergywell.

简介：有在紧张和压缩的不同moduli的材料被称为双性人模量材料。Graphene是有最高的力量和最薄的厚度的如此的一种材料。在这份报纸，受到温度效果并且放了在Winkler地基上的双性人模量横梁的机械反应被学习。关于中立的轴位置和双性人模量基础横梁的正常紧张的未经决定的参数的微分方程被建立。然后，地基横梁的正常压力，弯曲时刻，和排水量的分析表情被导出。同时，一个计算过程基于有限元素方法(女性)被开发获得双性人模量结构的温度压力。获得的双性人模量解决方案能恢复古典模量解决方案，这被显示出，并且结果由分析表达式，现在的女性的过程，和传统的女性的软件获得是一致的，它验证现在的分析模型和过程的精确性和可靠性。最后，双性人模量结果之间的差别和古典一样的模量结果被讨论，并且为在实际工程计算并且优化某些双性人模量成员的几个合理建议被介绍。

简介：为有一个横向的裂缝的一条半长带的飞机橡皮问题被调查。起始的问题被一个不可分的转变方法的使用与一个概括计划归结为一个一个维的连续问题。一个维的问题首先作为一个向量边界问题被提出，然后归结为三个单个不可分的方程(SIE)的一个系统。系统被一个直角的多项式方法和一个特殊概括方法的使用解决。这个工作的贡献是核的考虑在解决系统的固定奇特。相对半长带的裂缝长度和它的地点侧面的方面被调查简化问题陈述。这简化把起始的问题归结为二SIE的一个系统。

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简介：Thestressintensityfactor(SIF)isacriticalparameterassociatedwiththefracturebehaviourofmaterials.Inthispaper,weselectthedisplacementfunctionaroundacracktipastheshapefunctionofthedigitalimagecorrelation(DIC),whichmakesitpossibletodirectlycalculatetheSIFbythecorrelationscheme.Moreover,weuseanon-rectangularsubset,whichcanreducetheinfluenceofplasticdeformationandcrackwidthontheDICmeasurementaccuracy.WemeasuredtheSIFofamodeIcrackinasuper-hardaluminiumalloyspecimentoverifytheperformanceoftheproposedmethod.OurexperimentalresultsshowthataDICwithaspecificshapefunctioncanbeusedtoaccuratelyandefficientlycalculatetheSIF.Furthermore,wealsopresentapracticalapplicationofourproposedmethodfordeterminingtheSIF,crackpropagationangleandcracktipdisplacement.

简介：BasedonthedigitalwaveformdatarecordedbyXinjiangDigitalSeismicNetworkfortheXinyuan-HejingM_L6.8earthquakesequencesofJune30,2012,thispaperanalyzesthestressdropsofearthquakesequencesandthecorrelationcoefficientsoffocalmechanismssignificantforstrongaftershocks.Firstly,thesourceparametersoftheXinyuan-HejingM_L6.8earthquakesequencesareobtainedbyapplyingthespectrumanalysisandtheBrunessourcemodel.Then,thecorrelationcoefficientsofspectralamplitudesarecalculatedusingthelow-frequencyspectralamplituderecordedbythesamestationforthedifferentevents.Finally,basedontheresultsofthecorrelationcoefficientsofspectralamplitudes,theeventswithsimilarfocalmechanismsaregroupedusingtheclusteringmethod.Theresultsshowthat:(1)Thestressdropvaluesshowasteadytrendintheaftershocksequencecalmperiodandthestressdropvaluesshowarise-fallinstrongaftershocks.(2)Themovingaveragecorrelationcoefficientofamplitudespectrumbeginstospreadafterthemainshock.Itshowsthatthecorrelationdecreasesbetweenthemainshockandtheaftershocksinmechanisms.(3)Theresultsoffocalmechanismgroupsshowthattheearthquakesequencesaremainlystrikeslips.ThestressdistributionofthemainpressureaxisisnearlyNS,whichisthesameasthestructuralstressfield.(4)Themagnitudeandmechanismshowthatthereisanagreementbeforethestrongaftershock,whichshowsthattheregionalstressfieldisenhanced.

简介：ThenonlinearvibrationsofviscoelasticEuler–BernoullinanobeamsarestudiedusingthefractionalcalculusandtheGurtin–Murdochtheory.EmployingHamilton'sprinciple,thegoverningequationconsideringsurfaceeffectsisderived.Thefractionalintegro-partialdifferentialgoverningequationisfirstconvertedintoafractional–ordinarydifferentialequationinthetimedomainusingtheGalerkinscheme.Thereafter,thesetofnonlinearfractionaltime-dependentequationsexpressedinastate-spaceformissolvedusingthepredictor–correctormethod.Finally,theeffectsofinitialdisplacement,fractionalderivativeorder,viscoelasticitycoefficient,surfaceparametersandthickness-to-lengthratioonthenonlineartimeresponseofsimply-supportedandclamped-freesiliconviscoelasticnanobeamsareinvestigated.

简介：Themajorityofrice(OryzasativaL.)producedinthesouthernUSAisdrill-seededandgrownunderupland-likeconditionsbecausepermanentfloodingisestablishedafterthefour-leafstage.Therefore,riceduringtheseedlinggrowthstagewillbesubjectedtovariablesoilmoisturecontent.Agreenhouseexperimentwasconductedtoevaluatetheperformanceof15ricecultivarscommonlygrowninMississippiofUSAunderearly-seasonsoilmoisturestress.Twentymorpho-physiologicalparametersofriceseedlingssubjectedtothreedifferentlevels(100%,66%and33%fieldcapacity)ofsoilmoisture,from10to30daftersowing,weremeasured.Significantmoisturestress×treatmentinteraction(P<0.001)wasobservedformostoftheparameters.Further,thetotaldroughtresponseindex(TDRI)wasdevelopedtoscorethecultivarsfordroughttolerancewiththevariationfrom26.88to36.21.Accordingly,thecultivarswereclassifiedintodifferentgroupsoftolerance.ThecultivarsCL152andCL142-ARwereclassifiedastheleastandthemosttoleranttodroughtbasedonTDRIandstandarddeviation,respectively.Eventhoughbothtotalroot(R2=0.98)orshoot(R2=0.76)droughtresponsesindiceswerepositivelycorrelatedwithTDRI,roottraitswereimportantinderivingtheindices.Therefore,TDRIcouldbeusedtoselectcultivarsfordroughttoleranceinagivenenvironmentanddevelopricevarietieswithearly-seasondroughttolerance.However,furtherresearchisneededtoidentifyandcharacterizetoleranceatotherstagestoassistbreedingprogramsinrice.

简介：Inflammationafterstrokeisthemaincauseofcerebralischemia/reperfusioninjury.Cascadingeventsafterinjurycanleadtocelldeath.Heatshockprotein70andotherendogenousinjury-signalingmoleculesarereleasedbydamagedcells,whichcanleadtosystemicstressreactions.Protectingthebrainthroughrepairbeginswiththestress-injury-repairsignalingchain.Thisstudyaimedtoverifywhetheracupunctureactsthroughthischaintofacilitateeffectivetreatmentofischemicstroke.Ratmodelsofcerebralischemia/reperfusioninjurywereestablishedbyZeaLonga'smethod,andinjurysiteswereidentifiedbyassessingneurologicalfunction,2,3,5-triphenyltetrazoliumchloridestaining,andhematoxylin-eosinstaining.ElectroacupunctureatacupointsBaihui(DU20)andZusanli(ST36)wasperformedinthemodelratswithdilatationalwaves,deliveredfor20minutesadayat2–100Hzandanamplitudeof2mA.Weanalyzedthebloodserumfromtheratsandfoundthatinflammatorycytokinesaffectedthelevelsofadrenotrophinandheatshockprotein70,eachofwhichfollowedasimilarbimodalcurve.Specifically,electroacupunctureloweredthepeaklevelsofadrenocorticotrophichormoneandheatshockprotein70.Thus,electroacupuncturewasabletoinhibitexcessivestress,reduceinflammation,andpromotetherepairofneurons,whichfacilitatedhealingofischemicstroke.

简介：ActivinA,amemberofthetransforminggrowthfactor-betasuperfamily,playsaneuroprotectiveroleinmultipleneurologicaldiseases.Endoplasmicreticulum(ER)stress-mediatedapoptoticandautophagiccelldeathisimplicatedinawiderangeofdiseases,includingcerebralischemiaandneurodegenerativediseases.ThapsigarginwasusedtoinducePC12celldeath,andActivinAwasusedforintervention.OurresultsshowedthatActivinAsignificantlyinhibitedmorphologicalchangesinthapsigargin-inducedapoptoticcells,andtheexpressionofapoptosis-associatedproteins[cleaved-caspase-12,C/EBPhomologousprotein(CHOP)andcleaved-caspase-3]andbiomarkersofautophagy(Beclin-1andlightchain3),anddownregulatedtheexpressionofthapsigargin-inducedERstress-associatedproteins[inositolrequiringenzyme-1(IRE1),tumornecrosisfactorreceptor-associatedfactor2(TRAF2),apoptosissignal-regulatingkinase1(ASK1),c-JunN-terminalkinase(JNK)andp38].Theinhibitionofthapsigargin-inducedcelldeathwasconcentration-dependent.ThesefindingssuggestthatadministrationofActivinAprotectsPC12cellsagainstERstress-mediatedapoptoticandautophagiccelldeathbyinhibitingtheactivationoftheIRE1-TRAF2-ASK1-JNK/p38cascade.

简介：被动导致电影的压力和危险性在在各种各样的pH价值的3.5%钠氯化物答案的7050铝合金的SCC被慢紧张率测试调查(SSRT)并且流动应力微分方法。结果证明到SCC的被动导致电影的压力和危险性与增加pH减少了价值什么时候pH7，当他们与增加pH增加了时价值什么时候pH>7。然而，当，腐蚀类型被解释脱落腐蚀什么时候pH=1并且14，并且没有电影，在标本的表面上形成。整个变化与pH导致电影的应力和SCC危险性阴谋当，价值两个都被介绍山谷形状。导致电影的压力的标志和数量与被动电影的作文有关，它用X光检查光电子被分析光谱学(XPS)。

简介：Purpose:Thepurposeofthisstudywastoinvestigatetheeffectsofobesityandhigh-intensityacuteexerciseonoxidant-antioxidantstatus,neurotrophicfactorexpression,andblood-brainbarrier(BBB)disruption.Methods:Twenty-fourhealthy,untrainedmen(12non-obese(mean14.9%bodyfat)and12obesesubjects(mean29.8%bodyfat))performed20minofcontinuoussubmaximalaerobicexerciseat85%maximaloxygenconsumption.Bloodsamplingwasperformedtoexaminetheoxidant-antioxidantstatus(reactiveoxygenspecies(ROS)andsuperoxidedismutase(SOD)),neurotrophicfactors(brain-derivedneurotrophicfactor(BDNF)andnervegrowthfactor(NGF)),andBBBdisruption(S100βandneuron-specificenolase)beforeandafteracuteexercise.Results:Theobesegroupshowedsignificantlyhigherpre-exerciseserumROSlevelsandsignificantlylowerpre-exerciseserumSODlevelsthanthenon-obesegroup(p<0.05).SerumROS,SOD,BDNF,NGF,andS100βlevelsweresignificantlyincreasedpost-exercisecomparedwithpre-exerciselevelsinboththenon-obeseandtheobesegroups(p<0.05).TheobesegroupshowedsignificantlyhigherserumROS,BDNF,NGF,andS100βlevelspost-exercisecomparedtothenon-obesegroup(p<0.05).Conclusion:OurstudysuggeststhatepisodicvigorousexercisecanincreaseoxidativestressandbloodneurotrophicfactorlevelsandinducedisruptionoftheBBB.Moreover,highlevelsofneurotrophicfactorinthebloodafterexerciseintheobesegroupmaybeduetoBBBdisruption,anditisassumedthatoxidativestresswasthemaincauseofthisBBBdisruption.

简介：Theearthquakestress-dropvaluesoftwosequenceswereaccuratelycalculatedaftertakingawaytheeffectsduetoregionalearthquakeanelasticattenuationandstationsiteresponse,usingwaveformdataandseismicphasedataofsequencesoftheJingguM_S6.6,andLudianM_S6.5earthquakesinYunnan.Theseresultsshowthatthestressdropwithmagnitudeincreaseswithinthescopeofthisstudyofmagnitude.Aftereliminatingtheinfluenceofthemagnitude,theaveragevalueofstress-dropintheJinggusequenceishigherthanthatoftheLudiansequenceatthesamemagnituderange.Thismayberelatedtothestressstateindifferentregions.Intermsofthechangesoftimeandspaceofstress-drop,beforeM_S5.8strongaftershock,thestress-dropis'slowingdown-turningup-keepingahighvalue'afterthemainshock,meanwhile,almostalloftheabnormallyhighstressdropvalueisdistributedaroundtheM_S5.8strongaftershock,showingthatthestressenvironmentintheregionwasincreasingafterthemainshock.AndaftertheM_S5.9strongaftershock,stress-droprapidlydeclinestoarelativelystablestate,meanwhile,thehighvalueofstress-dropisdistributedaroundthestrongaftershock,showingthattheregionaltectonicstressgetsmorefullyrelease,itsstressenvironmentbeginstorapidlydecrease.FortheLudiansequencewithoutastrongaftershockoccurring,theaveragevalueofstressdropislowerthanthatoftheJingguearthquakesequenceatthesamemagnituderange,whileatthesametime,thestress-dropoftheaftershocksequencealmosthasn'tchangedmuch.Inthetimeafterthemainshock,combinedwiththereleasecharacteristicsofthemainenergy,thestressintheregionisexcessivelyreleased,thesubsequentstressintheregiongraduallyreturnstonormal.ThismaybethereasonwhytheactivityofLudianaftershockssignificantlywasweakerandsubsequentlytherewerenostrongaftershocksoccurred.

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