简介:Inthispaper,weconsiderexistenceanduniquenessofpositivesolutionstothreecouplednonlinearSchrdingerequationswhichappearinnonlinearoptics.Weusethebehaviorsofminimizingsequencesforaboundtoobtaintheexistenceofpositivesolutionsforthreecoupledsystem.Toprovetheuniquenessofpositivesolutions,weusetheradialsymmetryofpositivesolutionstotransformthesystemintoanordinarydifferentialsystem,andthenintegratethesystem.Inparticular,forN=1,weprovetheuniquenessofpositivesolutionswhen0≤β=μ1=μ2=μ3orβ>max{μ1,μ2,μ3}.
简介:TheZ=56bariumnucleirepresentoneofthebestexampleofanisotopicchaintoexploretheevolutionofquadrupoledeformationastheneutronnumberdecreases.Theneutron-deficientbariumisotopeswithmassnumberArangingfrom120to130couldbeeasilyproducedbytheheavy-ionfusionevaporationreactions,andthushavebeenwellstudiedinrayspectroscopyexperiments.
简介:Background:Withthelossofspeciesworldwideduetoanthropogenicfactors,especiallyinforestedecosystems,ithasbecomemoreurgentthanevertounderstandthebiodiversity-ecosystemfunctioningrelationship(BEFR).BEFRresearchinforestedecosystemsisverylimitedandthusstudiesthatincorporategreatergeographiccoverageandstructuralcomplexityareneeded.Methods:Wecompiledground-measureddatafromapprox.onehalfmilionforestinventorysampleplotsacrossthecontiguousUnitedStates,Alaska,andnortheasternChinatomaptreespeciesrichness,foreststocking,andproductivityatacontinentalscale.Basedonthesedata,weinvestigatedtherelationshipbetweenforestproductivityandtreespeciesdiversity,usingamultipleregressionanalysisandanon-parametricapproachtoaccountforspatialautocorrelation.Results:Ingeneral,forestsintheeasternUnitedStatesconsistedofmoretreespeciesthananyotherregionsinthecountry.ThehighestforeststockingvaluesovertheentirestudyareawereconcentratedinthewesternUnitedStatesandCentralAppalachia.Overall,96.4%ofsampleplots(477,281)showedasignificantpositiveeffectofspeciesrichnessonsiteproductivity,andonly3.6%(17,349)hadaninsignificantornegativeeffect.Conclusions:Thelargenumberofground-measuredplots,aswellasthemagnitudeofgeographicscale,renderedoverwhelmingevidenceinsupportofapositiveBEFR.Thisempiricalevidenceprovidesinsightstoforestmanagementandbiologicalconservationacrossdifferenttypesofforestedecosystems.Foresttimberproductivitymaybeimpairedbythelossofspeciesinforests,andbiologicalconservation,duetoitspotentialbenefitsonmaintainingspeciesrichnessandproductivity,canhaveprofoundimpactsonthefunctioningandservicesofforestedecosystems.
简介:Weinvestigatetheinteractionbetweenapositivemassandanegativeeffectivemassthroughathreemasschainconnectedwithelasticsprings,apairofmassesisdesignedtohaveaneffectivenegativemass,anditinteractswiththethirdpositiveoneasifanequivalenttwo-masschain.Thedynamicsoftheequivalenttwo-masschainshowsthatthetwobodiesmaybeself-acceleratedinsamedirectionwhentheeffectivemassbecomesnegative,theexperimentisalsoconductedtodemonstratethistypeofmotion.Wefurthershowthattheenergyprinciple(Hamilton’sprinciple)isapplicableiftheenergyofthenegativemassunitisproperlycharacterized.Theresultmayberelevanttocompositewithcellsofeffectivenegativemass,theirinteractionwithmatrixmayleadtomorericherunexpectedmacroscopicresponses.
简介:TheDNA-dependentproteinkinasecatalyticsubunit(DNA-PKcs)playsamajorroleinDNAdamagesignalingandrepair,andisalsofrequentlyover-expressedintumormetastasis.WeusedisogeniccelllinesexpressingdifferentlevelsofDNA-PKcstoinvestigatetheroleofDNA-PKcsinmetastaticdevelopment.Interestingly,ourresultsshowedthatX-rayirradiationinducedthemetastasisofDNA-PKcspositive(M059K)butnotnegative(M059J)cells;however,genisteincouldsuppresstheradiation-inducedmetastaticpotentialofM059Kcells(Fig.1).Theconcretemechanismsunderlyingthisphenomenonwillbeinvestigatednextyear.