简介：Objective:Toreviewtheliteratureonassociationsbetweencardiovasculardiseasesandtobaccouse,includingrecenttrendsinsmokingbehaviorsandclinicalapproachesforcessationofsmoking.Methods:Aliteraturereviewofrecentscientificfindingsforsmokingandcardiovasculardiseasesandrecommendationsforobtainingcessation.Results:Tobaccosmokingiscausallyrelatedtocardiovasculardisease,withnearlyahalfmilliondeathsannuallyattributedtocigarettesmokingintheUnitedStates.Thehuman,economic,medical,andindirectcostsareenormous.Secondhandsmokeasinhaledfromtheenvironmentalsoplaysanimportantroleinthegenesisofcardiovasculardiseases.Arecenttrendintheuseofe-cigarettesisnotedparticularlyamongyouth.Forchildren,preventionisthebeststrategy.Foradultsmokers,behavioraltreatments,self-helpapproaches,andpharmacologictherapiesarereadilyavailable.Clinicianscanhaveasignificantimpactonpatients’smokinghabits.Addingtoindividualstrategies,regulatorycommunityandpublichealthapproachesprovidethepotentialforeliminatingtheuseoftobacco.Conclusion:Tobaccosmokecausescardiovascularmorbidityanddeath.Clinicianscanplayaroleinpreventingsmokingandpromotingcessation.

简介：AsoneofthevictoriousAlliesofWorldWarI,ChinaattendedtheParisPeaceConferencein1919.Toacertainextent,theconferencecanberegardedasthetruebeginningofglobalgovernance.ItwasfollowedbytheestablishmentoftheVersailles-WashingtonSystem,thefirstinternationalpatternwithworldparticipation.Althoughitwasinvolvedin

简介：正常冲击波，在一个机翼上终止一个本地超声的区域，限制它的表演并且成为来源高加速冲动的噪音。使用被动控制瓦解被建议冲击波。这个方法获得的流动结构的细节数字地被学习。一个新边界条件被开发了，它的应用程序的结果在嘴流动对实验被验证。崩溃被证实了并且详细说明流动细节的分析的冲击波的方法被介绍。由渐渐的压缩的一个冲击波的替换完全改变高速度的来源它的减小的冲动的噪音和熊潜力。关键词接近音速的流动-冲击波边界层相互作用-被动控制CLC数字O357.4+2

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简介：Basedonthetheoryofthepassivehydrogenmaser,alongwiththetechnologyoffrequencymodulationandmodulationtransferspectroscopy,thetheoreticalexpressionofthesinglefrequencymodulationforthepassivehydrogenmaserandthefunctionofthecavityandHlineerrorsignalsseparationarederived,whicharebasicallycoincidentwiththeexperiment.Theabsorptionanddispersionspectrumcurveswithdifferentresonancewidthsshowthatthecavityandhydrogentransitionserveasdiscriminators,andthetwoerrorsignalscanbeseparated.Throughthecalculationsofthetwoerrorsignalsinthepassivehydrogenmaser,itanalyzesthetraditionalmethodofthetwoerrorsignalsseparation,andthendescribesanewimprovedmethodforthepassivehydrogenservoloopsconsistingintheuseofasinglemodulationfrequencyandfrequencydiscrimination.Anullinteractionofthetwoerrorsignalsforthenewselectionofthephasesettingisdeducedtheoreticallyandvalidatedbythesimulation.Thepreliminaryexperimentalresultconfirmsthefeasibilityofthisnewapproach,whichcanreducetheinfluencefromthecavityfrequencyvarietyonthecrystaloscillatorandcontributesignificantlytothelongtermperformanceofthepassivehydrogenmaser.

简介：这份报纸论述在上面的身体下面由一个最简单的走模型组成的一个新被动两足动物的模型，没有运动学的限制。上面的身体与一个线性扭力的弹簧被纳入腿。模型是一个被动动态行人，因此没有精力输入，它沿一个斜坡走。运动的管理方程为参数分析目的被导出并且模仿。模拟结果揭示一些不同线路到没在以前的模型被观察的混乱。

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简介：TheexponentialpassivefilteringproblemforaclassofnonlinearMarkovjumpsystemswithuncertaintiesandtime-delaysisstudied.Theuncertainparametersareassumedunknownbutnormbounded,andthenonlinearitiessatisfythequadraticcondition.Basedonthepassivefilteringtheory,thesufficientconditionfortheexistenceofthemode-dependentpassivefilterisgivenbyanalyzingthereconstructedobserversystem.ByusingtheappropriateLyapunov-Krasovskiifunctionandapplyinglinearmatrixinequalities,thedesignschemeofthepassivefilterisderivedanddescribedasanoptimizationone.Thepresentedexponentialpassivefiltermakestheerrordynamicsystemsexponentiallystochasticallystableforalltheadmissibleuncertainties,time-delaysandnonlinearities,hasthebetterabilitiesofstatetrackingandsatisfiesthegivenpassivenormindex.Simulationresultsdemonstratethevalidityoftheproposedapproach.

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简介：RoutingprotocolsplayanimportantroleintheInternetandthetestrequirementsarerunningup.Totestroutingprotocolsmoreefficiently,severalenhancingtechniquesareappliedintheprotocolintegratedtestsystemdescribedinthispaper.TheImplementationUnderTestismodeledasablackboxwithwindows.Thetestsystemisendowedwithmultiplechannelsandmultipleportstotestdistributedprotocols.Thetestsuiteandotherrelatedaspectsarealsoextended.Meanwhile,thepassivetestingisintroducedtotest,analyzeandmanageroutingprotocolsintheproductionfield,whichisabletoperformtheconformancetest,theinteroperabilitytestandtheperformancetest.Thestatemachineofpeersessionsistestedwiththestatesynchronizationalgorithm,andtheroutinginformationmanipulationandotheroperationsarecheckedandanalyzedwiththemethodslikethetopologyanalysisandtheinternalprocesssimulation.Withboththeactivetestingandthepassivetesting,theroutingprotocoltestisgoingfurtherandmorethoroughlyandhelpsalotinthedevelopmentofrouters.

简介：UnderstandinghowtheInternetisusedbyHEPiscriticaltooptimizingtheperformanceoftheinter-labcomputingenvironment.Typicallyuserequirementshavebeendefinedbydiscussionsbetweencollaborators.However,lateranalysisoftheactualtraffichasshownthisisoftenmisunderstoodandactualuseissignificantlydifferenttothatpredicted.Passivemonitoringoftherealtrafficprovidesinsightintothetruecommunicationsrequirementsandtheperformanceofalargenumberofalargenumberofinter-communicatingnodes.ItmaybeusefulinidentifyingperformanceproblemsthatareduetofactorsotherthanInternetcongestionespeciallywhencomparedtoothermethodssuchasactivemonitoringwheretrafficisgeneratedspecificallytomeasureitsperformance.Controlledactivemonitoringbetweendedicatedserversoftengivesanindicationofwhatcanbeachievedonanetwork,Passivemonitoringoftherealtrafficgivesapictureofthetrueperformance.ThispaperwilldiscussthemethodandresultsofcollectingandanalyzingflowsofdataobtainedfromtheSLACInternetborder,TheuniquenatureofHEPtrafficandtheneedsoftheHEPcommunitywillbehighlighted.Theinsightsthishasbroughttounderstandingthenetworkwillbereviewedandthebenefitiscanbringtoengineeringnetworkswillbediscussed.

简介：ThisletterdemonstratesthestructureofthepassiveradarusingTVsignals.BecausetheTVsignalisakindofpseudoperiodicsignal,thematchedfilteringofcolorTVsignalswouldyieldhighsidelobeswhichcausetherangeambiguity.Toovercomethisproblem,themismatchedfilterisproposedtosuppressthecorrelationsidelobesofmatchedfilteringofTVsignals.Byutilizingtheiterationprocess,thismethodcouldachievetherequiredpeaksidelobelevel.Theimpactsofthenoiseandtargetmovementonmismatchedfilteringarealsoanalysed.Simulationresultsareincludedtodemonstratetheeffectivenessoftheproposedtechnique.

简介：被动tracer的概率分布函数(PDF)，由“一个吝啬的坡度”强迫了，被学习。首先，我们采取二条理论途径，Lagrangian和有条件的闭合形式体系，到学习如此的外部地强迫的被动示踪物的PDF。然后，我们在一个范围上并且为测试吝啬坡度的模型是否能被用于学习在中间的纬度混合的同温层的tracer的同温层的风遨游的中等范围的天气预报(ECMWF)的欧洲中心为理想化的随机的流动执行数字模拟地区，在哪个，并且是否一弱并且杆病房带平均数的坡度被示踪物漏通过极、热带的混合障碍维持在中间的纬度的示踪物变化的PDF与理论预言一致。数字模拟证明当散开的驱散被吝啬坡度的强迫平衡时，在随机的PDF流动，在ECMWF风中的南部半球的PDF显示出时间不变的指数的尾巴，与理论预言一致。在北半球，PDF展出non-Gaussian尾巴。然而，PDF尾巴不与理论期望一致。强迫的示踪物的PDF尾巴的长期的行为与腐烂的tracer的相比。腐烂的示踪物的PDF尾巴是时间依赖者，这被发现，并且演变向恭维比指数。

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简介：Waveguideinvariantiswidelyusedinunderwatertargetpassiveranging.Inshallowwaterwithuniformsoundspeedprofile,thevalueofwaveguideinvariantisapproximatelyaconstant,whileinshallowwaterwiththermocline,itvariesinawiderange.Thewaveguideinvariantdistributionsandstriationsinthesetwoconditionsareanalyzedrespectively.Onthebasisofwavenumberdifferencebetweenreflectedmodesandrefractedmodes,awavenumber-frequencydomainfilteringtechniqueisproposedtoseparatethetwogroupsofmodes.Therequiredrelationshipbetweenarrayelementspace,totalarraylengthandtargetazimuthforeffectiveapplicationisdiscussed.Finally,thesimulationresultsindicatethatinshallowwaterwithathermocline,refractedmodescanbeeffectivelyfilteredoutusingthewavenumber-frequencydomainfilteringtechniqueandthetarget’srangeisestimatedaccurately.

简介：作为盘子由作者更早开发了的压电的横梁类型的颤动控制的小浪途径的延期，这份报纸建议为压制把压成薄片的矩形的盘子的颤动的混合activepassive控制策略经由薄粘弹性的结合层与分布式的压电的传感器和致动器结合了。由于在直角的小浪理论放大函数变换的低通行证的过滤性质，这个waveletbased控制方法有能力自动地在反馈控制循环滤出像噪音的信号，因此减少剩余联合的风险完成哪个通常是溢出的来源不稳定性。而且，薄粘弹性的结合层的存在能进一步通过浪费数字错误在控制过程期间部分导致的任何另外的可能的噪音的体力改进系统的坚韧性和可靠性。一个模拟过程基于一种先进wavelet-Galerkin技术被建议认识到混合活跃被动的控制进程。数字结果表明建议途径的效率。

简介：Inmanyengineeringpractices,frequentlyanimpulsivewaveisaconsequenceofdischargeofashockwavefromtheexitofatubeleadingtoanannoyingnoiselikasonicboom.Theimpulsivenoisehasoftenbeenamajorfactortolimittheperformanceofflowdevicesaswellastoaffecthazardousinfluencesonhumanbeing.Thecorrentpaperdescribesanewcontrolmethodforthereductionofimpulsivewave.Anexperimentusingasimpleshocktubewascarriedouttoexaminetheeffectofacavity/helicalvanesystemontheimpulsivewavestrength.Theresultingimpulsivewavewasinfluencedbythedetailedconfigurationofthehelicalvaneinsidethecavitywhichislocatedatthevicinityoftheexitofatube.Theeffectofthehelicalvanewascomparedwithnohelicalvaneteststoensurevalidationofthiskindofcontrolstrategy,Theresultsshowedthatthestrengthoftheimpulsivewavecouldbesignificantlyreducedbythecurrentpassivecontrolusingthecavity/helicalvanesystem.