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简介：AbstractDiffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) is a lethal pediatric brain tumor and the leading cause of brain tumor-related death in children. As several clinical trials over the past few decades have led to no significant improvements in outcome, the current standard of care remains fractionated focal radiation. Due to the recent increase in stereotactic biopsies, tumor tissue availabilities have enabled our advancement of the genomic and molecular characterization of this lethal cancer. Several groups have identified key histone gene mutations, genetic drivers, and methylation changes in DIPG, providing us with new insights into DIPG tumorigenesis. Subsequently, there has been increased development of in vitro and in vivo models of DIPG which have the capacity to unveil novel therapies and strategies for drug delivery. This review outlines the clinical characteristics, genetic landscape, models, and current treatments and hopes to shed light on novel therapeutic avenues and challenges that remain.

简介：Thispaperaddressestherobustvisualtrackingofmulti-featurepointsfora3Dmanipulatorwithunknownintrinsicandextrinsicparametersofthevisionsystem.Thisclassofcontrolsystemsarehighlynonlinearcontrolsystemscharacterizedastime-varyingandstrongcouplinginstatesandunknownparameters.ItisfirstpointedoutthatnotonlyistheJacobianimagematrixnonsingular,butalsoitsminimumsingularvaluehasapositivelimit.Thisprovidesthefoundationofkinematicsanddynamicscontrolofmanipulatorswithvisualfeedback.Second,theEulerangleexpressedrotationtransformationisemployedtoestimateasubspaceoftheparameterspaceofthevisionsystem.Basedonthetworesultsabove,andarbitrarilychosenparametersinthissubspace,thetrackingcontrollersareproposedsothattheimageerrorscanbemadeassmallasdesiredsolongasthecontrolgainisallowedtobelarge.Thecontrollerdoesnotusevisualvelocitytoachievehighandrobustperformancewithlowsamplingrateofthevisionsystem.TheobtainedresultsareprovedbyLyapunovdirectmethod.Experimentsareincludedtodemonstratetheeffectivenessoftheproposedcontroller.

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简介：Inviewofpotentialapplicationtobiomedicaldiagnosis,tighttranscriptomedataqualitycontroliscompulsory.Usually,qualitycontrolisachievedusinglabelingandhybridizationcontrolsaddedatdifferentstagesthroughouttheprocessingofthebiologicRNAsamples.Thesecontrolmeasures,however,onlyreflecttheperformanceoftheindividualtechnicalmanipulationsduringtheentireprocessandhavenobearingastothecontinuedintegrityoftheRNAsampleitself.Herewedemonstratethatintrinsicstatisticalpropertiesoftheresultingtranscriptomedatasignalandsignal-variancedistributionsandtheirinvariancecanbeidentifiedindependentlyoftheanimalspeciesstudiedandthelabelingprotocolused.Fromtheseinvariantpropertieswehavedevelopedadatamodel,theparametersofwhichcanbeestimatedfromindividualexperimentsandusedtocomputerelativequalitymeasuresbasedonsimilaritywithlargereferencedatasets.Thesequalitymeasuresaddsupplementary,non-redundantinformationtostandardqualitycontrolestimatesbasedonspike-inandhybridizationcontrols,andareexploitableindataanalysis.AsoftwareapplicationforanalyzingdatasetsaswellasareferencedatasetforAB1700arraysareprovided.TheyshouldallowAB1700userstoeasilyintegratethismethodintotheiranalysispipeline,andmightinstigatesimilardevelopmentsforothertranscriptomeplatforms.

简介：AbstractDiffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) is a lethal pediatric brain tumor and the leading cause of brain tumor-related death in children. As several clinical trials over the past few decades have led to no significant improvements in outcome, the current standard of care remains fractionated focal radiation. Due to the recent increase in stereotactic biopsies, tumor tissue availabilities have enabled our advancement of the genomic and molecular characterization of this lethal cancer. Several groups have identified key histone gene mutations, genetic drivers, and methylation changes in DIPG, providing us with new insights into DIPG tumorigenesis. Subsequently, there has been increased development of in vitro and in vivo models of DIPG which have the capacity to unveil novel therapies and strategies for drug delivery. This review outlines the clinical characteristics, genetic landscape, models, and current treatments and hopes to shed light on novel therapeutic avenues and challenges that remain.

简介：Waterisanimportantcomponentinplantcellswithplantaquaporinbeingthemajorproteinforwatertransportinandbetweenplantcells.Asasubfamilyofplantaquaporins,theplasmamembraneintrinsicproteins（PIPs）locatedintheplasmamembraneareclassic,highwater,selectivechannelproteins.ThispaperfocusesonrecentadvancesinthemolecularbiologyofPIPsconcerningstructuralcharacteristics,biologicalfunction,andaregulationmechanism.PIPspossesstwohighlyconserveddomains:GGGANXXXXGYandTGI/TNPARSL/FGAAI/VI/VFWF/YN.PIPscanalsobedividedintotwophylogeneticsubgroupsnamedPIP1andPIP2.PIP1possesseslongerNterminalsequencesandshorterCterminalsequencesthanPIP2withconservedaminoacidsequencesrespectively.StudiesoftransgenicplantsandexpressioninXenopusoocytescellsindicatethatPIPsnotonlymayfacilitatetransportofwaterandsmallneutralsoluteslikeCO2andglycerin,buttheyalsopossessmanyphysiologicalfunctions.Thefunctionsofplantaquaporinsareregulatedbymanyfactorsincludingpost-translationalmodification,heteromerization,pHvalue,anddivalentcations.TheseresultsindicatedthatPIPsactasapivotalroleinwaterandsmallneutralsolutestransportinplants.

简介：Asimpleroutetosynthesizethepolyaniline(PANI)nanofiberswithdiameterabout150nmwasreported.Inthisstrategy,thePANInanofiberswerefabricatedbyelectrochemicaldepositionbyusingtwo-electrodeconfigurationin0.01Manilineand0.01MH2SO4electrolytes.Theas-preparedmaterialswerecharacterizedbyscanningelectronmicroscopy(SEM),infraredspectroscopy(FTIR),Ramanspectroscopyandthermogravimetricanalysis(TGA).TheelectrochemicalpropertiesofthePANInanofiberselectrodeassupercapacitormaterialswereinvestigated.ThePANInanofiberselectrodeshowedhighcapacitanceof485F·g-1at0.1A·g-1,andthedecreaseinthespecificcapacitanceisabout3.5%in1000cycles.TheresultsindicatethatthePANInanofiberselectrodeshowshighstabilityandretainsitselectrochemicalcapacitancepropertyover1000cycles,suggestingPANInanofibershavepromisingapplicationsinhigh-performancesupercapacitors.

简介：Inthispaper,wewillobtaintheweaktypeestimatesofintrinsicsquarefunctionsincludingtheLusinareaintegral,Littlewood-Paleyg-functionandgλ-functionontheweightedMorreyspacesL1,κ(w)for0<κ<1andw∈A1.

简介：Background:Thisprospectivestudyexploredtheeffectsofendurancerunning(ER)inminimalversusstandardrunningshoesonthefoot'ssuperficiallayerintrinsicmusclesandthefunctionofthelongitudinalarch.Ourhypothesiswasthatrunninginminimalshoeswouldcausehypertrophyinthesemusclesandleadtohigher,stronger,stifferarches.Methods:Thehypothesiswastestedusingasampleof33healthyrunnersrandomizedintotwogroups,acontrolgroupshodintraditionalrunningfootwearandanexperimentalgroupshodinminimalsupportfootwear,whosefeetwerescannedinanMRIbeforeandaftera12-weektrainingregime.Runningkinematicsaswellasarchstiffnessandheightwerealsoassessedbeforeandafterthetreatmentperiod.Results:Analysisofanatomicalcross-sectionalareasandmusclevolumesindicatethattheflexordigitommbrevismusclebecamelargerinbothgroupsby11%and21%,respectively,butonlytheminimallyshodrunnershadsignificantarealandvolumetricincreasesoftheabductordigitiminimiof18%and22%,respectively,andsignificantlyincreasedlongitudinalarchstiffness(60%).Conclusion:Theseresultssuggestthatendurancerunninginminimalsupportfootwearwith4mmoffsetorlessmakesgreateruseofthespringlikefunctionofthelongitudinalarch,thusleadingtogreaterdemandsontheintrinsicmusclesthatsupportthearch,therebystrengtheningthefoot.

简介：TheintrinsicphysicalrelationshipofvorticitybetweenmodesAandBinthethree-dimensionalwaketransitionisinvestigated.Directnumericalsimulationsfortheflowpastasquare-sectioncylinderarecarriedoutatReynoldsnumbersof180and250,associatedwithmodesAandB,respectively.Basedontheanalysisofspacialdistributionsofvorticityinthenearwake,characteristicsoftheverticalvorticityinmodesAandBareidentified.Moreover,therelationshipofthreevorticitycomponentswithspecificsignsissummarizedintotwosignlaws,asintrinsicphysicalrelationshipsbetweentwoinstabilitymodes.Bythetheoryofvortex-inducedvortex,suchtwosignlawsconfirmthattherearetwoandonlytwokindsofvortex-sheddingpatternsinthenearwake,justcorrespondingtomodesAandB.Inbrief,alongthefreestreamdirection,modeAcanbedescribedbytheparallelsheddingverticalvorticeswiththesamesign,whilemodeBisdescribedbytheparallelsheddingstreamwisevorticeswiththesamesign.Finally,itisfoundoutthatthe-typevortexisabasickindofvortexstructureinbothmodesAandB.

简介：Permanentpacemakerimplantisacommonlyperformedcardiacprocedurefortreatmentofbradycardiaorconductionsystemabnormality.Withconventionalrightventricular(RV)pacingaleadisimplantedattheRVapexorontheRVseptum.However,RVapicalorRVseptalpacingcausesiatrogenicleftbundle-branchblockandventriculardyssynchronyandcanleadtoadversecardiacremodeling,apacing-mediatedcardiomyopathy,andcongestiveheartfailure.Alternatively,permanentHis-bundlepacingusestheintrinsicrapidly-conductingHis-Purkinjesystemtoactivatetheventricle,therebymaintaining(orsometimesevenrestoring)ventricularsynchrony.ManypatientsmayderivebenefitfrompermanentHis-bundlepacing.

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简介：Organiclight-emitting(OLE)materialshavebeenextensivelystudiedduetotheireasymod-ification,However,theeasycrystallizationtore-sultininstablespectralperformanceandquenchingeffectofluminescence,poorprocessabilityandlowthermalstabilityhavelimitedtheirapplications.Polyhedraloligomericsilsesquoixanes(POSS)areaclassofinorganiccompoundswithnanoscale

简介：为ectotherms的发展的内在的最佳温度不仅为他们的生理的过程而且为生态、进化的过程是最重要的因素之一。SharpeSchoolfieldIkemoto(SSI)模型成功了定义能热力学地满足在特别温度，到达它的最大的活动的活跃的酶的概率被认识到的条件的温度。以前，一个算法被Ikemoto开发(热带疟疾不意味着热环境。医药昆虫学的杂志，45，963969)到估计模型，参数，而是那编程序计算地很耗时。现在，因为一个完整的自动计算机程序被史等设计，调查者能更容易使用SSI模型。（为估计SSI模型的参数的一个修改程序。环境昆虫学，40，462469)。然而，为每ectotherm的内在的最佳温度的点估计的统计意义还没是坚定的。这里，我们为由修改计算估计的内在的最佳温度的信心间隔提供了一个新方法近似自举信心间隔方法。为这个目的，在SSI模型为参数的一个更快的评价开发一个新节目是必要的，我们也做了它。

简介：Areasonablestrengthcriterionshouldreflectthehydrostaticpressureeffect,minimumprincipalstresseffect,andintermediateprincipalstresseffect.Theformertwoeffectscanbedescribedbythemeridiancurves,andthelastonemainlydependsontheLodeangledependencefunction.Amongthreeconventionalstrengthcriteria,i.e.Mohr–Coulomb(MC),Hoek–Brown(HB),andExponent(EP)criteria,thedifferencebetweengeneralizedcompressionandextensionstrengthofEPcriterionexperienceafirstlyincreasethendecreaseprocess,andtendstobezerowhenhydrostaticpressureisbigenough.Thisisinaccordancewithintrinsicrockstrengthcharacterization.Moreover,thecriticalhydrostaticpressureIccorrespondingtothemaximumdifferenceofbetweengeneralizedcompressionandextensionstrengthcanbeeasilyadjustedbyminimumprincipalstressinfluenceparameterK.So,theexponentfunctionisamorereasonablemeridiancurves,whichwellreflectsthehydrostaticpressureeffectandisemployedtodescribethegeneralizedcompressionandextensionstrength.Meanwhile,threeLodeangledependencefunctionsofLMN,LWW,andLYMH,whichunconditionallysatisfytheconvexityanddifferentialrequirements,areemployedtorepresenttheintermediateprincipalstresseffect.Realizingtheactualstrengthsurfaceshouldbelocatedbetweenthegeneralizedcompressionandextensionsurface,newtrue-triaxialcriteriaareproposedbycombiningthetwostatesofEPcriterionbyLodeangledependencefunctionwithasamelodeangle.Theproposednewtrue-triaxialcriteriahavethesamestrengthparametersasEPcriterion.Finally,14groupsoftriaxialtestdataareemployedtovalidatetheproposedcriteria.Theresultsshowthatthethreenewtrue-triaxialexponentcriteria,especiallytheExponentWillam-Warnkecriterion(EPWW)criterion,givemuchlowermisfits,whichillustratesthattheEPcriterionandLWWhavemorereasonablemeridiananddeviatoricfunctionform,respectively.Theproposednewtrue-tria

简介：Chiral导致异例的否定磁致电阻(NMR)广泛地在拓扑的半金属为Weyl费米子的存在被用作批评运输证据。在这微型评论，我们在非中心对称的NbP和NbAs讨论NMR现象的一般观察。我们证明NMR能从Weyl费米子或外来的效果的内在的chiral异例产生，例如霍尔信号的重迭；地依赖者在体积的不同类的当前的流动，即，当前的jetting；并且共存的小搬运人的弱本地化(WL)。控制WL的NMR重重地依赖于样品质量并且被一条显著转线路描绘从对在提高的温度的否定先生生长积极，源于在阶段连贯时间和体积的纺纱轨道的散布常数之间的比赛小衣袋。因此，没有赞美技术的支持，在NMR之间的关联和chiral异例需要被细看。因为上升旋转退化，Weyl费米子的旋转取向与动量平行或反平行，它是作为helicity知道的一个唯一的物理性质。helicity的保存为Weyl费米子的运输提供强壮的保护，它能被磁性的杂质有效地仅仅散布。与磁性、无磁性的杂质的化学的做因此是比为检测Weyl费米子的存在的NMR方法更有说服力的。