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简介：Wetlands,oneofthemostproductivesystemsinthebiosphereareauniqueecosystem.Theyoccurinlandscapesthatfavorthepondingorslowrunoffofsurfacewater,dischargeofgroundwater,orboth.Wetlandsarenotonlyimportantformaintainingplantandanimaldiversity,butalsoforbalancingglobalcarbonbudgetviasequestratingorreleasingCO2from/intoatmospheredependingontheirmanagement.Therefore,itisimperativetounderstandhowwetlandsformandfunction,thenwecanbettermanage,utilize,andprotecttheseuniqueecosystems.Hydriesoils,hydrophyticvegetation,andwetlandhydrologyarethethreemainparametersofwetlands.Theseparametersareinterrelatedwitheachotherwhichjointlyinfluencethedevelopmentandfunctionsofwetlandecosystems.Theobjectiveofthispaperwastoreportthecurrentunderstandingofwetlandsandprovidefutureresearchdirections.Thepaperwillfirstfocusonaspectsofhydrologyresearchinwetlands,andthenshifttosoilhydrosequenceandwetlandvegetationtobetterunderstandprocesses,structure,andfunctionofwetlands,andconcludewithsomepossiblefutureresearchdirections.

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简介：Whistler-modechoruswavesareregardedasanimportantaccelerationmechanismcontributingtotheformationofrelativisticandultra-relativisticelectronsintheJovianradiationbelts.QuantitativedeterminationofthechoruswavedrivenelectronscatteringeffectintheJovianmagnetosphererequiresdetailedinformationofbothambientmagneticfieldandplasmadensityandwavespectralproperty,whichhowevercannotbealwaysreadilyacquiredfromobservationsofexistedmissionstoJupiter.WethereforeperformacomprehensiveanalysisofthesensitivityofchorusinducedelectronscatteringratestoambientmagnetosphericandwaveparametersintheJovianradiationbeltstoelaboratetowhichextentthediffusioncoefficientsdependonanumberofkeyinputparameters.Itisfoundthatquasi-linearelectronscatteringratesbychoruscanbestronglyaffectedbytheambientmagneticfieldintensity,thewavelatitudinalcoverage,andthepeakfrequencyandbandwidthofthewavespectraldistributionintheJovianmagnetosphere,whiletheyonlyrelyslightlyonthebackgroundplasmadensityprofileandthepeakwavenormalangle,especiallywhenthewaveemissionsareconfinedatlowerlatitudes.Giventhechoruswaveamplitude,chorusinducedelectronscatteringratesstronglydependonJovianL-shelltoexhibitatendencyapproximatelyproportionaltoLJ3.OurcomprehensiveanalysisexplicitlydemonstratestheimportanceofreliableinformationofboththeambientmagnetosphericstateandwavedistributionpropertytounderstandingthedynamicelectronevolutionintheJovianradiationbeltsandthereforehasimplicationsforfuturemissionplanningtoexploretheextremeparticleradiationenvironmentofJupiteranditssatellites.