简介：BackgroundThepurposeofotomicrosurgeryinmoderntimesistoachievecompleteremovalofdisease,whichisthebasisforhearingrehabilitation.Artificialossiclesareimportantforhearingrehabilitation.Oneofthematerialsishydroxyapatitethatactsasossicularreplacementprosthesis(HAprosthesis,PORP&TORP)andiscommonlyusedassubstituteboneinclinics.AlthoughHAprosthesesfeaturegoodbiocompatibility,stabilityandcertainresistancetoinfection,thestructureofthematerialcanbedecomposedandabsorbed.Baseduponanimalexperimentsandclinicalapplication,thisarticleexplorestheinfectivityofHAprosthesesandinfluencingfactors.MaterialsandMethodsHAprostheseswereimplantedinthebullainguineapigs.InfectedHAprostheseswereexaminedunderascanningelectronmicroscope.NinetypatientsimplantedwithHAprostheseswerefollowedformorethan3months.Fivecasesthathadundergonerevisionoperationswerereported.ResultsScanningelectronicmicroscopyshowedthatthenormalcompactstructureshaddisappearedandbecomelooseininfectedHAprostheses,withtheirmicroporesinfiltratedwitheffusion,fibroustissueandinflammatorycells.Asaresult,thenormalceramicstructurewasdecomposedandthemicroporesstructuredisappeared.TheinfectedmesotympanuminthereportedcasesalsoledtoHAinfection.Theshapeandstructureofboneweredestroyed,whichwasvisiblebyvisualexaminationandlightmicroscopy.Theprocessofcholesteatomarecurrencewasalwaysassociatedwithinfection,althoughtheHAprosthesiswassometimesspared.ConclusionWhileHAprosthesisisanti-infectivetosomeextent,long-terminfectionandcholesteatomarecurrencecanleadtodestructionanddecompositionofHAprostheses.Long-terminfectedmiddleearcavity,dysfunctionalEustachiantube,residualandrecurrentcholesteatomaandotherfactorscancausedecompositionofHAprosthesisandresultinhearingloss.

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简介：ObjectiveTostudylocalinflammatoryresponseafterimplantationofhydroxyapatitesyntheticossicularprosthesis.MethodsHydroxyapatitegranuleswereimplantedinthebullain32rats.Shamsurgicalprocedureswereperformedin10ratsasthecontrol.Animalsweresacrificedat1to300daysaftersurgery.Bullasections,stainedwithHEandMallory'sazan,wereexaminedfornumbersandpercentagesofvariousinflammatorycelltypes.ResultsSlightlymoreinflammatoryreactionwasseeninanimalswiththeimplantthaninthecontrols,mostlyduringtheearlystagefollowingtheimplantationprocedure.Fewinflammatorycellswereobservedatlatertimes.Thereweresatisfactoryfibrosisinbothimplantedandcontrolears.ConclusionTheresultsindicatethathydroxyapatitesyntheticprosthesisisabiocompatibleimplantationmaterialinthemiddleear.Nonetheless,thepresenceofinflammatoryreactionimmediatelyfollowingimplantationimpliesthatcontrolofinfectionisimportantintheearlytimesaftertheimplantationprocedure.

简介：日本住友化学工业公司升发在种子表面涂覆天然成分的涂层种子的工作正式开始,计划两年内,把在涂层中台有农药及激素的高技术涂层种子投向市场,还计划完成能长时期保存种子的涂层技术。涂层种子由于其涂层能够调节透气性和吸收性,有以下特点:①可按农时,迅速播种;②按发芽时

简介：Bonedefectisoneofthemostcommondiseasesinclinic.Existingtherapeuticapproacheshaveencounteredmanyproblems,suchaslackofautogenousallogeneicboneandimmunologicalrejectiontoallogeneicimplant.Synthetichydroxyapatite（HA）providedsolutionsforbonerepair,sincetheHAisthemaininorganiccomponentofanimals＇bone.AlthoughHAhasgoodbiocompatibility,butonlythelimitedosteogeniccapability,whichisofsignificanceformodernbonerepairmaterials.Siisanessentialtraceelementinbonetissue,andithasbeendemonstratedtobeabletopromoteboneformation.Therefore,silicate-dopedhydroxyapatite（Si-HA）mayserveasapromisingmaterialforbonerepair,andpromoteboneregenerationintherepair.ThecurrentreviewdiscussesdevelopmentofSi-HA,focusingonitspreparationandcharacterization,invitroandinvivoevaluationsofthematerial,positiveeffectofSi-HAonpromotingboneformationinclinicalapplications,andmolecularmechanisminvestigationofsuchpromotiveeffect.

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简介：Novelcore-shellhydroxyapatite/chitosanbiocompositenanospheresweresynthesizedinamultipleemulsion.Themultipleemulsionwasaw/o/wemulsion,madeofdiammoniumphosphatesolutionasaninneraqueousphase,cyclohexaneasanoilphase,andcalciumnitratesolutionandchitosansolutionasanouteraqueous.Theformingmechanismofcore-shellspheresandtheinfluenceoftemperatureonthemorphologyofthenanosphereswereinvestigated.Thediameteroftheresultingcore-shellnanosphereswas100-200nmandthethicknessofthechitosanshellwasabout10nm.Anditconcludedthatatdifferentreactiontemperaturethemorphologiesoftheproductswouldbechanged.Thecore-shellnanosphereshavepotentialapplicationsforthedevelopmentofnewbiomedicalmaterials.

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简介：Thebovinehydroxyapatite(BHA)wasappliedtopreparebiologicaltissueengineeringscaffoldsbythemethodofextrusionfreeforming.Toachievethisgoal,BHAwereaddedtosodiumalginate(SA)solutiontoformaslurrysysteminappropriateproportion.Theresultingmixtureswerefabricatedtobeakindofcontrollableandporousscaffoldsfollowedwithcross-linkingin5%calciumchloride(CaCl2)solutionfor24h.Afterthat,thescaffoldsweresinteredinairat1000,1100,1200and1300℃for5h.Scanningelectronmicroscopy(SEM)andX-raydiffraction(XRD)studieswereperformedonthescaffoldstoanalyzeitsmicrostructureandconstituent.Toexploretheeffectofsinteringtemperatureonscaffolds,thecompressivestrength,volumeshrinkageandwaterabsorptivityofBHA-SAcompositescaffoldsaftersinteringwereinvestigated.TheresearchtestsindicatedthefeasibilityofapplyingBHApowderto3Dprinting.Besides,thescaffoldssinteredinarespectivelylowertemperaturepossessmuchmoreporesandperformedhigherwaterabsorptivity,whichmeansbettercellularaffinity.Andscaffoldssinteredbetween1100and1200℃presentshighercompressivestrength.

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简介：Inanefforttodevelopbiomaterialstomeetguidedtissueregeneration(GTR)standardsforperiodontaltissuerecovery,ahomogeneousandtransparentchitosan(CS)/hydroxyapatite(HA)membranewithpotentialapplicationsasGTRbarrierinperiodontaltherapyhasbeenpreparedviainsitucompositing.ThemembranehasbeendesignedtohaveasmoothroughasymmetricstructurethatmeetsthedemandforGTR.ComponentandmorphologyofthemembranearecharacterizedbyXRDandSEM.ItcanbeindicatedthatHAwasinsitusynthesizeduniformlyintheCSmembrane.MechanicalexperimentsofthemembraneswithvariousHAcontentsshowthattheirtensilestrengthsareadequateforperiodontaltherapy.Biologicalpropertiesofthemembranehavebeenperformedbycelltoxicityassays,hemolysistestsandanimalexperiments.Resultsindicatethatthemembranehasgoodbiocompatibilityandinductiveeffectforcellgrowth.ThereforethismembranecanbepotentiallyappliedasGTRbarriermembraneforperiodontaltissueregeneration.

简介：·AIM:Toprovidesuperiorcosmeticresultsandreducecomplications,unliketraditionaleviscerationcoupledwithimplantinsertiontechniqueanditsmodifications,wehavedevelopedanovelandsimpletechniqueforanophthalmicpatients.·METHODS:Allpatientswhounderwentthescleral-muscleflapsprocedureineviscerationwiththeplacementofhydroxyapatiteimplantwereincludedinthestudy.Mainoutcomemeasureswerecomplicationssuchasexposure,infection,chemosis,conjunctivalinclusioncysts,granulomas.Meanwhile,implantmotilitywasindirectlymeasuredandtheresultswerecollectedandanalyzed.·RESULTS:Atotaloftwenty-eightpatientswereenrolledinthestudy.Eighteenweremen(64.29%)andtenwerewomen(35.71%).Agesrangedfrom18to65y(meanage,32yearsold).Meanfollow-upwas12.32mo(range,9-16mo).Allpatientsreceivedahydroxyapatiteimplant.Theaveragediameteroftheimplantwas19.29±1.36mm(range,18-22mm).Minorcomplicationsoccurredin3patients,andamajorcomplicationwasobservedin1patient.Meanmotilitywere11.04±1.45mmhorizontally(range,7-14mm)and8.57±1.50mmvertically(range,5-12mm).·CONCLUSION:Thesclera-muscleflapstechniqueineviscerationwithhydroxyapatiteimplantationissimpleandpracticalthateasesthesurgicalprocedure,enablesapropersizehydroxyapatiteimplantation,distinctivelyreducescomplicationsandprovidessuperiorsurgeryresults,especiallythemotilityoftheimplant.

简介：摘要金属材料容易被腐蚀，而涂层是有效而经济的防腐蚀方法。引起金属腐蚀的因素较多，像涂层性能失效、气体污染物的侵蚀、金属沾染了可溶盐污染物质或者金属表面处理不当引起的。涂层金属之所以老化是因为自由基原理，而金属腐蚀则是电化学反映机理。本文主要阐述了大气环境中涂层金属的腐蚀及涂层的防护机制。

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简介：Glassbasedbonecement(GBC)wassynthesizedbymixingCaO-SiO2-P2O5basedglasspowderwithammoniumphosphateliquidmedium.Bone-likehydroxyapatite(HAP,Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2)wasfoundtoformafterGBCwasimmersedinsimulatedbodyfluid(SBF).HAPcrystalgrewwithanincreasingtimealongcaxleandreachedabout200nminlengthafter30days,however,theendplanegranularityremained30～50nm.Thechemicalcomposition,crystalstructureandmorphologyofHAPformedfromGBCwereprovedtohavegreatresemblancewithlivingHAP.ItisbelievedthatGBCwasadesirablebiomedicalmaterialwithhighbioactivity.Furthermore,thehighcompressivestrengthguaranteedthepossibilityofGBCinclinicalapplication.

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简介：论述了海上近20～25年来涂层系统的发展，即由最初使用乙烯基锌或绿色橡胶涂层系统发展到近期使用高固体份涂层系统。对墨西哥、北海、阿拉伯海和亚洲等典型海域的设施进行了分析，系统阐述了这些海域的涂层系统，说明了各种涂层系统应用到新结构上及维护过程中的优、缺点。另外，还指出移动式生产设施的涂敷方法与固定平台有很大的不同。

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