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简介：Thispaperstudiesaservicefirmwhosebusinesstimecanbedividedintoseveralperiods,eachprovidingdifferentvaluetocustomers.Heterogeneousserviceisamajorreasonresultinginimbalancesbetweensupplyanddemand.Sincecustomersdifferintheirdegreeofimpatience,firmscanusedifferentialpricingmechanismstooptimizetheirobjectivesandmatchsupplywithdemandineachperiod,byinducingcustomerstochoosedifferentperiods.Westudytwotypesoffirms,aninternalfirm,theobjectiveofwhichistomaximizethesystem′s(includingthefirmandallthecustomers)totalnetvalue,andacommercialfirm,whichaimstooptimizeitsownprofit.Thoughimpatiencefactorsarecustomers′privateinformation,foreachtypeoffirm,wederivetheoptimalincentivecompatiblepricingpolicy,underwhichallthecomingcustomerswillfollowthefirm′sassignment,thatis,patientcustomerswillbuytheserviceinhigh-valueperiods,buttheirwaitingtimewillbelonger,whileimpatientcustomerswillenterintothelow-valueperiods,buttheywillbecompensatedbyshorterwaitingtimes.Furthermore,intheinternalfirm,wealsoprovethatthismechanismenablesthedecentralizationofdecisions,whilemaintainingcentralizedsystem-wideoptimality.Numericalanalysisshowsthatwhenthereissufficientcapacity,theinternalfirmdoesnotalwaysneedtosetlowerpricesthanthecommercialfirmineveryperiod.

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简介：为了在大气的踪迹部件，包括煤气阶段的化学过程的acoupled盒子模型，热力学的平衡处理的喷雾器，和异构的化学药品上探索异构的化学过程的可能的影响，在灰尘的表面上处理，黑碳(BC)和海盐被设置在喷雾器表面上模仿异构的化学的效果，并且分析影响异构的过程的主要因素。结果显示在空气的喷雾器表面上的异构的化学过程将影响踪迹气体例如的集中H2O2，HO2，O3，NO2，NO3，HNO3和SO2，和象SO42那样的喷雾器?，NO3吗？并且NH4+。敏感测试建议异构的进程的影响的大小强烈取决于喷雾器集中和系数在框模型使用了的表面举起。然而，异构的化学过程上的温度的影响是更加少些。HNO3的renoxification将影响象氮氧化物和臭氧那样的对流层的部件。

简介：在这份报纸，我们分析定价决定和依靠异构的出售力量在二个时期卖它的产品的一个公司的赔偿策略。卖能力的出售代理人是他们的私人信息并且将决定卖努力的代理人的有效性。我们介绍三赔偿合同策略，即分享，分开半、分开公司能在时期一并且由使用原则代理人理论采用，在每策略在二个时期为公司导出最佳的赔偿合同和最佳的价格。比较这三合同策略，我们发现为公司的最佳的策略取决于折扣因素。我们证明公司将肯定出现在为某小折扣因素，并且为分享合同的某大折扣因素的时期一分开合同肯定在时期一被规定。然而，分开半的合同可以被考虑因为一些调停打折因素，并且不能也在时期一为所有折扣因素出现。当分享合同在时期一被提供并且当分开合同在时期一被提供时，与折扣因素增加时，我们的分析也表明最佳的价格与折扣因素减少。

简介：ThispaperintroducesaheterogeneousdistributeddatabasesystemcalledLSZsystem,whereLSZisanabbreviationofLiShizhen,anancientChinesemedicalscientist.LSZsystemadoptsclusterasdistributeddatabasenode(orsite).Eachclusterconsistsofoneofseveralmicrocomputersandoneserver.Tepaperdescribesitsbasicarchitectureandtheprototypeimplementation,whichincludesqueryprocessingandoptimization,transactionmanageranddatalanguagetranslation.ThesystemprovidesauniformretrieveandupdateuserinterfacethroughglobalrelationaldatalanguageGRDL.

简介：TheDeGrootmodelisoneofthemostclassicalmodelsinthefieldofopiniondynamics.ThestandardDeGrootmodelassumesthatagentsarehomogeneousandupdatetheiropinionsinthedirectionofaweightedaverageoftheirneighbors'opinions.Onenaturalquestioniswhetherasecondtypeofagentscouldsignificantlychangethemainpropertiesofthemodel.Theauthorsaddressthisquestionbyintroducingrebels,whoupdatetheiropinionstowardtheoppositeoftheirneighbors'weightedaverage.Theauthorsfindthattheexistenceofrebelsremarkablyaffectstheopiniondynamics.Undercertainmildconditions,theexistenceofafewrebelswillleadthegroupopiniontothegoldenmean,regardlessoftheinitialopinionsoftheagentsandthestructureofthelearningnetwork.ThisresultiscompletelydifferentfromthatofthestandardDeGrootmodel,wherethefinalconsensusopinionisdeterminedbyboththeinitialopinionsandthelearningtopology.Thestudythenprovidesnewinsightsintounderstandinghowheterogeneousindividualsinagroupreachconsensusandwhythegoldenmeanissocommoninhumansociety.

简介：异构的计算(HC)环境与不同计算能力利用多样的资源解决有多样的计算要求和限制的计算集中的应用程序。在HC环境的任务指派问题能正式至于任务和机器的一个给定的集合被定义，把最小使平底锅成为的任务分到完成的机器。在这篇论文，我们建议首先安排启发式的、高标准偏差的一项新任务(HSTDF)，它把一项任务的期望的实行时间的标准偏差看作一个选择标准。一项任务的期望的实行时间的标准偏差在不同机器上在任务实行时间代表变异量。我们的结论是有高标准偏差的任务必须为安排被分配第一。实验的一个大数被执行检查有效性求婚在有存在启发规则的不同情形，和比较启发式(Max-min，Sufferage，分割了Min平均的、分割的Min-min，并且分割了Max-min)清楚地表明求婚启发式以一般水准超过所有存在启发规则做平底锅。

简介：Rocksareheterogeneousfromthepointofmicrostructurewhichisofsignificancetotheirdynamicfailurebehavior.Boththecompressiveandtensilestrengthofrock-likematerialsisregardeddifferentfromthestaticstrength.Thepresentstudyadoptssmoothedparticlehydrodynamics(SPH)whichisavirtualparticlebasedmeshfreemethodtoinvestigatestrainrateeffectforheterogeneousbrittlematerials.TheSPHmethodiscapableofsimulatingrockfracture,freeofthemeshconstraintofthetraditionalFEMandFDMmodels.ApressuredependentJ-Hconstitutivemodelinvolvingheterogeneityisemployedinthenumericalmodeling.Theresultsshowthecompressivestrengthincreaseswiththeincreaseofstrainrateaswellasthetensilestrength,whichisimportanttotheengineeringdesign.

简介：Thisresearchaimstotestthehousingpricedynamicswhenconsideringheterogeneousboundedlyrationalexpectationssuchasnaiveexpectation,adaptiveexpectationandbiasedbelief.Thehousingmarketisinvestigatedasanevolutionarysystemwithheterogeneousandcompetingexpectations.Theresultsshowthatthedynamicsoftheexpectedhousingpricevariessubstantiallywhenheterogeneousexpectationsareconsideredtogetherwithsomeotherendogenousfactors.Simulationresultsexplainsomestylizedphenomenasuchasequilibriumoroscillation,convergenceordivergence,andover-shootingorunder-shooting.Furthermore,theresultssuggestthatvariationoftheproportionofgroupsofagentsisbasicallydependentontheselectedstrategies.Italsoindicatesthatcontrolpoliciesshouldbechosencarefullyinconsistencewithauniquerealestatemarketduringauniqueperiodsincecertainparameterportfoliomayincreaseorsuppressoscillation.

简介：TheheterogeneousnucleationbehaviorsofNH4ClcrystalonaroughchillingsurfaceofaluminumimmergedinNH4Cl-H2Osolutionwereexperimentallyanalyzedandtherelationshipbetweenthesurfaceroughnessandthenucleationsiteselectionbehaviorsonpolishedaluminumsubstratewasinvestigated,anditwasdiscoveredthatthenumberofnucleationsitesdecreasessignificantlywithdecreasingtheroughnessofthepolishedsubstrate.Furthernucleationexperimentswerecarriedoutonchemicallyetchedaluminumsubstratewithregularmicro-morphologyonitssurface.Ithasbeenshownthatboththemicro-morphologyandthewettabilityvarywiththesubstratesurfacepreparedbydifferentetchingprocess.Thepreparedsurfacewithstep-likestructureshasastrongwettabilitywithNH4Cl-70wt%H2OsolutionandthenucleationdensityofNH4Clontheitssurfacesissignificantlyhigherthanthatofthereferencesurfaces,whichshowsthatthegeometricalmorphologyfeatureshaveimportanteffectsonboththewettabilityandthenucleationbehaviors.

简介：ＳＴＯＣＨＡＳＴＩＣ　ＡＮＡＬＹＳＥＳ　ＯＦ　ＡＤＳＯＲＢＩＮＧ　ＳＯＬＵＴＥ　ＴＲＡＮＳＰＯＲＴ　ＩＮ　ＨＥＴＥＲＯＧＥＮＥＯＵＳ　ＵＮＳＡＴＵＲＡＴＥＤ　ＳＯＩＬＳＳＴＯＣＨＡＳＴＩＣＡＮＡＬＹＳＥＳＯＦＡＤＳＯＲＢＩＮＧＳＯＬＵＴＥＴＲＡＮＳＰ...

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简介：Asingeniousasnature'sinventionofmyelinsheathswithinthemammaliannervoussystemis,asfatalcanbedamagetothisspecializedlipidstructure.Long-termlossofelectricalinsulationandoffurthersupportivefunctionsmyelinprovidestoaxons,asseenindemyelinatingdiseasessuchasmultiplesclerosis(MS),leadstoneurodegenerationandresultsinprogressivedisabilities.Multiplelinesofevidencehavedemonstratedtheincreasinginabilityofoligodendrocyteprecursorcells(OPCs)toreplacelostoligodendrocytes(OLs)inordertorestorelostmyelin.Muchresearchhasbeendedicatedtorevealpotentialreasonsforthisregenerationdeficitbutdespitepromisingapproachesnoremyelination-promotingdrugshavesuccessfullybeendevelopedyet.InadditiontoOPCsneuralstemcellsoftheadultcentralnervoussystemalsoholdahighpotentialtogeneratemyelinatingOLs.Thereareatleasttwoneuralstemcellnichesinthebrain,thesubventricularzoneliningthelateralventriclesandthesubgranularzoneofthedentategyrus,andanadditionalsourceofneuralstemcellshasbeenlocatedinthecentralcanalofthespinalcord.Whileasubstantialbodyofliteraturehasdescribedtheirneurogeniccapacity,stilllittleisknownabouttheoligodendrogenicpotentialofthesecells,evenifsomeanimalstudieshaveprovidedproofoftheircontributiontoremyelination.Inthisreview,wesummarizeanddiscussthesestudies,takingintoaccountthedifferentniches,theheterogeneitywithinandbetweenstemcellnichesandpresentcurrentstrategiesofhowtopromotestemcell-mediatedmyelinrepair.

简介：Objective:Tostudycellularcompatibilityofimprovedscaffoldmaterialwithdeproteinizedheterogeneousboneandprovideexperimentalbasisonchoosingthescaffoldmaterialinbonetissueengineering.Methods:Bonemarrowstromalcells(BMSC)wereco-culturedwithheterogeneousdeproteinizedboneinvitro.Thecontrastphasemicroscope,scanningelectronmicroscope,MTTassay,flowcytometrywereperformedandtheBGPcontentandALPactivitiesweredetectedinordertoobservethecellgrowth,adhesioninthematerial,cellcycleandcellviability.Results:Thescaffoldmaterialofdeproteinizedheterogeneousbonehadnoinhibitoryeffectoncellularproliferation,differentiationandsecretionfunctionofBMSCs.Conclusions:TheestablishedheterogeneousdeproteinizedbonehasgoodbiocompatibilitywithBMSCsandisapotentiallyidealscaffoldmaterialforbonetissueengineering.

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简介：Intheenvironmentofheterogeneouswirelessnetworks,itisvitaltoselectacurrentlyoptimalnetworkforapplicationsandsubscribers.Theuseofmultipleattributedecisionmaking(MADM)forheterogeneousnetworkselectioncanprovidesubscriberswithsatisfactoryservicequality.ConvertingheterogeneousnetworkselectionintoaMADMproblem,theauthorspresentanimprovedalgorithmforMADMbasedongroupdecisiontheory.Thealgorithmcombinesweightvectorsofmultipleattributedecisionmakingtoobtainacombinationalweightvector.Thentheresults’compatibilitywillbeassessed.Iftheydonotmeettherequirementsofcompatibility,thejudgmentmatrixwillbemodifieduntilacomprehensivevectorthatsatisfiescompatibilityrequirementsisproduced.Thevectoriscombinedwithsimpleweightingmethod(SAW)fornetworkselection.Simulationshowsthatthealgorithmcanprovideuserswithsatisfactoryqualityofservice(QoS).

简介：Toimproveseparateeffectofbinaryheterogeneousazeotropeinthemagneticfieldwithdifferentmagneticinductionintensity,theinfluenceofmagneticfieldontherectificationprocessofbinaryheterogeneousazeotropewasinvestigatedwith1-butanol-watersystem.Theresultsshowthatthecompositionofliquid-liquidphaseequilibriumof1-butanol-watersystemhasdefinitelychanged,thecompositionof1-butanolinlightphase(1-butanollayer)increasesby1.17%-1.63%andthecompositionofwaterinheavyphase(waterlayer)increasesby1.21%-1.58%undertheinfluenceofmagneticfield.Byseparationofmagnetization,thecompositionof1-butanolincreasesby0.8%-1.2%andtherecoveryratioof1-butanolincreasesby1.6%-2.5%.Magneticfieldhaspositiveeffect,however,themagnetizedeffectisnotinproportiontomagneticinductionintensityandhasanoptimumcondition,intherangeof0.25T-0.3T.

简介：Thispaperstudiesconsensusofaclassofheterogeneousmulti-agentsystemscomposedoffirst-orderandsecond-orderagentswithintermittentcommunication.Forleaderlessmulti-agentsystems,weproposeadistributedconsensusalgorithmbasedontheintermittentinformationofneighboringagents.Somesufficientconditionsareobtainedtoguaranteetheconsensusofheterogeneousmulti-agentsystemsintermsofbilinearmatrixinequalities(BMIs).Meanwhile,therelationshipbetweencommunicationdurationandeachcontrolperiodissoughtout.Moreover,thedesignedalgorithmisextendedtoleader-followingmulti-agentsystemswithoutvelocitymeasurements.Finally,theeffectivenessofthemainresultsisillustratedbynumericalsimulations.