简介：Agluten-freedietiscurrentlytheonlyeffectivemeansoftreatingindividualswithceliacdisease.Suchadietenablesceliacpatientstocontroltheirsymptomsandavoidvariouscomplicationsassociatedwiththiscondition.However,whilethequalityofgluten-freefoodshassignificantlyimprovedduringrecentdecades,maintenanceofagluten-freedietdoesnotnecessarilyensureadequatenutritionalintake.Becauseoatsareanimportantsourceofproteins,lipids,vitamins,minerals,andfibre,theirinclusioninagluten-freedietmightimprovethenutritionalstatusofaceliacpatient.AlthoughoatsareincludedinthelistofglutenfreeingredientsspecifiedinEuropeanregulations,theirsafetywhenconsumedbyceliacpatientsremainsdebatable.Somestudiesclaimthatpureoatsaresafeformostceliacpeople,andcontaminationwithothercerealsourcesisthemainproblemfacingpeoplewiththisdisease.However,itisnecessarytoconsiderthatoatsincludemanyvarieties,containingvariousaminoacidsequencesandshowingdifferentimmunoreactivitiesassociatedwithtoxicprolamins.Asaresult,severalstudieshaveshownthattheimmunogenicityofoatsvariesdependingonthecultivarconsumed.Thus,itisessentialtothoroughlystudythevarietyofoatsusedinafoodingredientbeforeincludingitinagluten-freediet.

简介：某些疾病被知道引起变化在物理并且房间的biomechanical性质。这些在其它之中包括癌症，疟疾，和镰刀房间贫血症。典型地，如此的物理性质变化能导致房间僵硬的几褶层增加或减少，它是重要的并且能导致严重病理和最终的灾难的故障身体功能。当有时开发了生物化学、生物的试金检测疾病的发作或存在，总是有需要开发更快速、精确、敏感的方法检测并且诊断疾病。Biomechanical性质变化能起一个重要作用在这方面。因此，对疾病biomechanics的研究不能仅仅给我们位于疾病前进下面的机制的深入的知识，但是能也为察觉和诊断用作一个强大的工具。这篇文章提供一些卓见进机会因为在疾病的发作或前进期间在细胞的机械性质换掉怎么重要，能为察觉和诊断作为有用工具被利用。我们将也展示已经被开发了执行如此的察觉和诊断的几种技术。

简介：Microtubulesplayimportantrolesinneuronalmorphogenesis,includingcellularpolarization,neuritegrowth,andbranching.Amicrotubuleisapolymerofα-andβ-tubulinheterodimersthatareformedbyamultistepprocessassistedbyatleastfivetubulin-foldingcofactors(TBCA–E)(Lopez-Fanarragaetal.,2001).Newlysynthesizedα-andβ-tubulinsassociatewiththecytosolicchaperonincomplex(CCT),andthenthequasi-nativetubulinsinteractwith

简介：BackgroundManypatientshavesymptomssuggestiveofcoronaryarterydisease(CAD)andareoftenevaluatedwiththeuseofdiagnostictesting,althoughtherearelimiteddatafromrandomizedtrialstoguidecare.MethodsWerandomlyassigned10,003symptomaticpatientstoastrategyofinitialanatomicaltestingwiththeuseofcoronarycomputedtomographicangiography(CTA)ortofunctionaltesting(exerciseelectrocardiography,nuclearstresstesting,orstressechocardiography).Thecompositeprimaryendpointwasdeath,myocardialinfarction,hospitalizationforunstableangina,ormajorproceduralcomplication.SecondaryendpointsincludedinvasivecardiaccatheterizationthatdidnotshowobstructiveCADandradiationexposure.ResultsThemeanageofthepatientswas60.8±8.3years,52.7%werewomen,and87.7%hadchestpainordyspneaonexertion.ThemeanpretestlikelihoodofobstructiveCADwas53.3±21.4%.Overamedianfollow-upperiodof25months,aprimaryend-pointeventoccurredin164of4996patientsintheCTAgroup(3.3%)andin151of5007(3.0%)inthefunctional-testinggroup(adjustedhazardratio,1.04;95%confidenceinterval,0.83to1.29;P=0.75).CTAwasassociatedwithfewercatheterizationsshowingnoobstructiveCADthanwasfunctionaltesting(3.4%vs.4.3%,P=0.02),althoughmorepatientsintheCTAgroupunderwentcatheterizationwithin90daysafterrandomization(12.2%vs.8.1%).ThemediancumulativeradiationexposureperpatientwaslowerintheCTAgroupthaninthefunctional-testinggroup(10.0mSvvs.11.3mSv),but32.6%ofthepatientsinthefunctional-testinggrouphadnoexposure,sotheoverallexposurewashigherintheCTAgroup(mean,12.0mSvvs.10.1mSv;P<0.001).ConclusionsInsymptomaticpatientswithsuspectedCADwhorequirednoninvasivetesting,astrategyofinitialCTA,ascomparedwithfunctionaltesting,didnotimproveclinicaloutcomesoveramedianfollow-upof2years.

简介：AIM:Todeterminewhetherretinalcirculatorychangesplayaroleinthepathogenesisofmaculardisordersinpatientswhoareotherwisehealthy.METHODS:Patientswithmaculardisordersthatrequiredangiographicimagingwereincludedinthisprospectivecaseseries.Afteracompleteocularexam,fluoresceinangiographywasperformedusingastandardizedtechniqueontheHRA-II(HeidelbergEngineering,Heidelberg,Germany)withspecialfocusontheposteriorpole.Onlypatientswithgoodqualityimageswereincludedintheanalysis.Circulatoryparametersrecordedincludedthearm-choroidtime,choroid-retinalartery,andfinallytheretinalartery-veintime.Zonalasymmetry(betweentheupperandlowerzonesdividedbyalinepassingthroughthecentreofthefovea)intransittimes,ifanywasalsonoted.Appropriatestatisticalanalysiswasdone.Circulationtimeswerecomparedwithagematchedhistoricalcontrols.Changesinretinaldyetransittimesrelativetohistoricalagematchedcontrols,ifany,werenotedandcomparedbetweenvariousdisorders.RESULTS:Atotalof156eyesof156patients(120males)wereincludedinthestudy.Meanage:49.14±14.93y.Maculardisordersstudiedwereagerelateddegeneration,polypoidalvasculopathy,centralserouschorioretinopathy(CSCR)andparafovealtelangiectasia.DelayedcirculationtimewasnotedinCSCRpatientsonly.CONCLUSION:CSCRpatientsappeartohavedelayedarterialfilling,retinalcirculatorydisturbancesdonotseemtocontributetothepathogenesisofothermaculardisorders.

简介：AIM:Toinvestigatewhetherliversteatosisreductionduetoasix-monthdietaryinterventionresultsinsignificantchangesintheconcentrationsoffattyacids.METHODS:Agroupof35Caucasianindividualsdiagnosedwithdifferentlevelsofsteatosiswereprospectivelyenrolledinthepresentstudy.Analysisofthefattyacidprofileswasperformedaccordingtochangesinliversteatosis(liversteatosisreductionbyoneortwodegrees)afterasix-monthdietaryintervention.Thediethelpedreducebodymassinobeseandoverweightpatients,andstabilizebothglycemiaanddyslipidemia.FattyacidswereextractedaccordingtotheFolchmethodandanalyzedbygaschromatography.RESULTS:Thisstudyshowedsignificantchangesinfattyacidprofilesinpatientswhohadreducedliversteatosisbyoneaswellastwodegrees.Areductioninliversteatosisbyonedegreecausedasignificantincreaseinthelevelofthen-3family:eicosapentaenoicacid(P<0.055),docosapentaenoicacid-C22:5(P<0.05)anddocosahexaenoicacid(P<0.05).Areductioninliversteatosisbytwodegreescausedasignificantdecreaseinserumpalmitoleicacid-C16:1(P<0.05).CONCLUSION:Liversteatosisreductionisassociatedwithchangesinfattyacidprofiles,andthesechangesmayreflectanalterationinfattyacidsynthesisandmetabolism.Thesefindingsmayhelpbetterunderstandregressionofnonalcoholicfattyliverdisease.

简介：Overthepastdecade,nineseparategenetherapyclinicaltrialsforadvancedParkinson’sdisease(PD)havebeenlaunchedandcompleted,involvingthedosingofnearly12-dozenPDvolunteerswhoincurredsignificantriskstohopefullyreducesymptomsand

简介：BackgroundValvularheartdisease(VHD)isdefinedasastructuralorfunctionalabnormalityincardiacvalvewhichencompassesanumberofcommoncardiovascularconditions.ThisstudywasaimedtoanalyzetheepidemiologicalchangesofVHDinasinglecardiovascularcenterofSouthernChina.MethodsAtotalof13,138VHDpatientsofGuangdonggeneralhospitalfromJanuary2011toDecember2013werescreenedbytransthoracicechocardiography(TTE)ortransesophagealechocardiography(TEE)andenrolledforthisstudy.Themorbidity,etiologicalspectrumandmanagementofthesepatientswereanalyzed.Continuousvariableswereexpressedasmean±standarddeviation.Categoricalvariableswereexpressedasratioorpercentage.ResultsPatientsinthisstudyweredividedintodifferentgroupsandwereanalyzedthroughoutchangesinmorbidity,etiologicalspectrumandmanagement.ConclusionsTheprevalenceofVHDremainshighinSouthernChinaandRHDisstilltheleadingetiologyofVHD.Butmorbidityrateisreducedandsurgeryisstillthemaintreatmentoption.

简介：Parkinson’sdisease(PD)ischaracterizedbytheprogressivelossofmidbraindopaminergic(mDA)neuronsandasubsequentdecreaseinstriataldopaminelevels,whichcausethetypicalclinicalmotorsymptomssuchasmusclerigidity,bradykinesiaandtremor.Althoughasubsetof