简介：Itiswell-knownthatifpisahomogeneouspolynomialofdegreekinnvariables,p∈Pk,thentheordinaryderivativep(■)(r^2-n)hastheformAn,kY(x)r2-n-2kwhereAn,kisaconstantandwhereYisaharmonichomogeneouspolynomialofdegreek,Y∈Hk,actuallytheprojectionofpontoHk.Herewestudythedistributionalderivativep(■)(r2-n)andshowthattheordinarypartisstillamultipleofY,butthatthedeltapartisindependentofY,thatis,itdependsonlyonp-Y.Wealsoshowthattheexponent2-nisspecialinthesensethatthecorrespondingresultsforp(■)(rα)donotholdifα≠2-n.Furthermore,weestablishthatharmonicpolynomialsappearasmultiplesofr^2-n-2k-2k’whenp(■)isappliedtoharmonicmultipolesoftheformY’(x)r^2-n-2k’forsomeY∈Hk.

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简介：Inthispaper,westudythecomputationalcomplexityoftheintegralsandthederivativesofconvexfunctionsdefinedontheinterval[0,1].

简介：词法变化基于八测量了，四个导出的特点被学习证实是否在人口之间有重要变化并且在波斯尼亚和Herzegovina在普通橡树(QuercusroburL.)的44个自然看台之中在词法区别上识别高度的影响，从82～860?m。结果指向重要intra人口和内部人口的差别。举起相关的变化由microclimatic因素大部分不太显著、坚定。结果能在学习区域为种类再介绍提供管理策略。在在单个树的不同树枝之间的叶形态学没有差别。然而，在高度的组之间有重要变化并且仔细所有特点地连接到环境因素。一个重要建议是与注意从橡树使用种子到他们的高度的起源。

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简介：Inordertoslovethelarge-scalenonlinearprogramming(NLP)problemsefficiently,anefficientoptimizationalgorithmbasedonreducedsequentialquadraticprogramming(rSQP)andautomaticdifferentiation(AD)ispresentedinthispaper.Withthecharacteristicsofsparseness,relativelylowdegreesoffreedomandequalityconstraintsutilized,thenonlinearprogrammingproblemissolvedbyimprovedrSQPsolver.Inthesolvingprocess,ADtechnologyisusedtoobtainaccurategradientinformation.Thenumericalresultsshowthatthecombinedalgorithm,whichissuitableforlarge-scaleprocessoptimizationproblems,cancalculatemoreefficientlythanrSQPitself.

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简介：Objective:Toinvestigatetheculturemethodofskin-derivedprecursors(SKPs)andtoexploreanewcellsourceforcelltransplantationofcentralnervoussystem.Methods:Cellsfromskinsofjuvenileandadultmicewereisolatedandculturedinserum-freemedium.Amechanicalmethodwaschosentopassagethesecellsandtheywereidemifiedbytheimmunocytochemistryassay.Results:SKPscouldbeisolatedfromadultandneonatalskins.Theycouldbemaintainedinvitroforlongperiodswithstableproliferation,andexpandedasundifferentiatedcellsincultureformorethan12passages.About50％ofSKPsexpressednestinandmajorityofthesecellsexpressedfibronectinwhentheywereplatedonpolyornithineandlaminincoatedplates.About5％cellsshowedneuronaldifferentiationandexpressedneurofilament-M(NF-M)andNSEwhenSKPswereplatedinserun-containingmedium,andthesecellscouldalsodifferentiateintoadipocytesandfibroblast-likecells.Conclusions:Thedatasupportthehypothesisthatadultskincontainsstemcellscapableofdifferentiatingintoneurons,adipocytes,andfibroblast-likecells.TheymayrepresentanalternativeautologousstemcellsourceforCNScelltransplantation.

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简介：Rats(Rattusnorvegicus)havemanyadvantagesovermiceinscientificstudies,forexample,theyaremorerelevanttohumaninphysiologicalandpharmacologicalresponses.Therefore,ratsarebroadlyusedinexperimentalstudies.Therecentbreakthroughinthegenerationofratembryonicstemcells(rESCs)opensthedoortoapplicationofgenetargetingtocreatemodelsforthestudyofhumandiseases.Inaddition,theinvitrodifferentiationofrESCsintoderivativesofthreegermlineswillserveasapowerfultoolandresourcefortheinvestigationofmammaliandevelopment,cellfunction,tissuerepair,anddrugdiscovery.However,thedistinctcultureconditionandsignalinhibitor-dependedmaintenanceofrESCsstandasaconsiderablechallengeforitsinvitrodifferentiation.Toaddressit,weinvestigatedwhetherrESCsarecapableofformingterminaldifferentiatedcardiomyocytes.Wefoundthattheembryoidbodies(EBs)-basedmethodusedinmouseESC(mESC)differentiationfailedtoworkinthecultivationofrESCs.WethenmodifiedthedifferentiationprotocolandsuccessfullydevelopedaninvitrodifferentiationsystemtodifferentiaterESCsintothreeembryonicgermlayers.Byusingthismethod,therESCsformspontaneousbeatingcardiomyocyteswiththepropertiessimilartothosederivedfromfetalratheartsandmESCs.Thisuniquecellularsystemwillprovideanewapproachtostudytheearlydevelopmentandcardiacfunctionaswellastoperformpharmacologicaltestandcelltherapystudy(Grants:theStateMajorResearchProgramofChina(2009ZX09503-024,2010CB945603)andCAS(XDA01030000).

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简介：Col1a1(骨胶原的子单元之一打字我)是骨胶原，它属于细胞外的矩阵(ECM)的一个家庭在细胞的增长和区别起一个重要作用的蛋白质。然而，特别在增长的控制和spermatogonial干细胞(SSC)的区别，在精子发生的Col1a1的角色仍然保持未知。在这研究，我们在老鼠spermatogonia的区别和增长上探索了Col1a1的downregulation的效果。Loss-of-function学习揭示了那Oct4和Plzf，SSC自强的标记，，显著地被减少c工具包和haprin的表示，SSC区别的特点，在Col1a1以后被提高击倒。房间周期分析显示三分之二spermatogonia在Col1a1以后在S阶段被逮捕击倒。在vivo实验，睾丸的DNA注射和electroporation证明那个spermatogonia自强能力与Col1a1的loss-of-function显著地被损害。我们的数据建议Col1a1的silencing能压制spermatogonia自强并且支持spermatogonia区别。

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简介：GIMMSNDVI数据库和geo统计被用来在蒙古的高原上描绘空间分发和NDVI的时间的稳定性。结果表明了那：(1)有高NDVI索引的兴趣的区域首先在森林里被散布

简介：AIMTodeterminetheroleofcorticotropinreleasingfactorreceptor(CRF2)inepithelialpermeabilityandenterocytecelldifferentiation.METHODSForthispurpose,weusedratSpragueDawleyandvariouscoloncarcinomacelllines(SW620,HCT8R,HT-29andCaco-2celllines).ExpressionofCRF2proteinwasanalyzedbyfluorescentimmunolabelinginnormalratcolonandthenbywesternblotindissociatedcolonicepithelialcellsandinthelysatesofcoloncarcinomacelllinesorduringtheearlydifferentiationofHT-29cells(tenfirstdays).ToassesstheimpactofCRF2signalingoncoloniccelldifferentiation,HT-29andCaco-2cellswereexposedtoUrocortin3recombinantproteins(Ucn3,100nmol/L).Insomeexperiments,cellswerepre-exposedtotheastressin2b(A2b)aCRF2antagonistinordertoinhibittheactionofUcn3.Intestinalcelldifferentiationwasfirstanalyzedbyfunctionalassays:thetrans-cellularpermeabilityandthepara-cellularpermeabilityweredeterminedbyDextran-FITCintakeandmeasureofthetransepithelialelectricalresistancerespectively.Morphologicalmodificationsassociatedtoepithelialdysfunctionwereanalyzedbyconfocalmicroscopyafterfluorescentlabelingofactin(phaloidin-TRITC)andintercellularadhesionproteinssuchasE-cadherin,p120ctn,occludinandZO-1.Theestablishmentofmatureadherensjunctions(AJ)wasmonitoredbyfollowingthedistributionofAJproteinsinlipidraftfractions,afterseparationofcelllysatesonsucrosegradients.Finally,themRNAandtheproteinexpressionlevelsofcharacteristicmarkersofintestinalepithelialcell(IEC)differentiationsuchasthetranscriptionalfactorkrüppel-likefactor4(KLF4)orthedipeptidylpeptidaseIV(DPPIV)wereperformedbyRT-PCRandwesternblotrespectively.ThespecificactivitiesofDPPIVandalkalinephosphatase(AP)enzymesweredeterminedbyacolorimetricmethod.RESULTSCRF2proteinispreferentiallyexpressedinundifferentiatedepithelialcellsfromthecryptsofcolonandinhumancoloncarcinoma

简介：对骨胳的肌肉新生的成长兴趣在损伤，以及几个肌肉发达的退化病理以后为肌肉损害与新治疗学的策略的开始被联系，包括营养障碍，肌肉发达的萎缩，和极度瘦弱。集中于细胞外的因素的能力支持myogenesis的研究因此是高度有希望的。我们现在报导那一个导出adipocyte的因素，球状的adiponectin(荡者)，能导致肌肉基因表示和房间区别。除它在肌肉调整几新陈代谢的功能的著名能力以外，包括葡萄糖举起和消费和丰满的酸分解代谢，荡者能堵住myoblasts的房间周期入口，到导致象肌浆球蛋白那样的特定的骨胳的肌肉标记的表示重链或caveolin-3，象一样挑起房间熔化进multinucleatedsyncytia并且，最后肌肉纤维形成。荡者通过p38，Akt和5鈥?的氧化还原作用依赖者激活施加它的pro-differentiative活动激活安培的蛋白质kinase小径。有趣地，区分myoblasts是为adiponectin的autocrine，并且到氧化应力的支持inflammatory背景或暴露的mimicking强烈从区分房间增加荷尔蒙的生产。这些数据建议adiponectin的一个新奇函数，直接协调myogenic区别程序并且在骨胳的myogenesis期间服务一个autocrine函数。

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简介：Pinealapoplexyisarareclinicalpresentationofpinealparenchymaltumors.Wereportthecurativetreatmentofacaseofpinealparenchymaltumorofintermediatedifferentiationwithspontaneousapoplectichemorrhage.Thiscaseisshownthroughcomputedtomographyandmagneticresonanceimagingofthebrain,andisconfirmedviahistopathologicalstudies.Recurrentupwardgazeparesiswasobservedafterthestereotacticbiopsy.Theparesisrequiredanexpeditioustumorresection.Themechanismofthepinealapoplectichemorrhageremainsunclearalthoughithasbeenobservedindifferentpinealregionlesions.Clinicalandradiologicalevidenceofthecure5yearspost-surgeryisavailable.

简介：BecauseofnoexactnameaboutobesityintraditionalChinesemedicine,clinicallytherehavenounifiedsyndrometypesaboutobesity.Thepresentpaperusestheoriginalsyndromedifferentiationofbodyfluidandselectsclassicalacupunctureandmoxibustionprescriptionstotreatobesity,whichisconducivetofurthersystematizingclassicalacupunctureandmoxibustionprescriptionsandprovidingsufficientbasisforclinicalpopularization.

简介：在抗原刺激之上，天真的T助手房间区分进不同的系达到专业化性质和受动器功能。TH17房间，CD4+受动器T房间的一个最近识别的系，对真菌和细胞外的细菌在有免疫力的防卫起一个关键作用，而且贡献许多自体免疫的条件的致病。TH17房间被在T房间表明小径和transcriptional管理者的一个复杂网络安排。当T房间内在的小径的参与广泛地被描述了时，我们开始就正在欣赏怎么TH17房间开发被外来的小径塑造，特别天生的有免疫力的信号。树枝状的房间(DC)，到天生的桥牌的最重要的房间类型和适应免疫，驱动器T由提供antigenic，costimulatory和cytokine的H17房间区别发信号。这被DC被天生、煽动性的信号的识别经由模式识别受体，cytokine受体和接着激活细胞内部的发信号网络的另外的immunomodulatory受体调停。特别地，p38α；地图kinase作为一条批评小径出现了编程序DC依赖的T由在DC集成多重有启发性的信号的H17房间区别。这里，我们在导出DC的天生的有免疫力的信号由驾驶TH17房间区别。