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简介：In2013fourcharacteristicsdefinedthesituationintheMiddleEast—political"chaos"intheArabworld,"fluxandreflux"betweenmoderateandradicalIslamists,geopoliticalshockscausedbythewithdrawaloftheU.S.,anduncertaintyovertheIraniannuclearissue.TheinfluenceofvolatilityandnewlyregroupedgeopoliticalfactorsmeanthesituationintheMiddleEastwillremainturbulentforarelativelylongtimeunlessdeep-seatedresolutionofmajorissuesinvolvesmaturegovernance.

简介：Theuseofenteralfeedingaspartofthemanagementofacutepancreatitisdatesbackalmosttwodecades.Thisreviewdescribestheindicationsforandlimitationsofenteralfeedingforthetreatmentofacutepancreatitisusingup-to-dateevidence-baseddata.Asystematicreviewwascarriedouttoanalysecurrentdataontheuseofenteralnutritioninthemanagementofacutepancreatitis.Relevantliteraturewasanalysedfromtheviewpointsofenteralvsparenteralfeeding,earlyvsdelayedenteralnutrition,nasogastricvsnasojejunalfeeding,andearlyoraldietandimmunonutrition,particularlyglutamineandprobioticsupplementation.Finally,currentapplicableguidelinesandtheeffectsoftheseguidelinesonclinicalpracticearediscussed.Thelatestmeta-analysessuggestthatenteralnutritionsignificantlyreducesthemortalityrateofsevereacutepancreatitiscomparedtoparenteralfeeding.Tomaintaingutbarrierfunctionandpreventearlybacterialtranslocation,enteralfeedingshouldbecommencedwithinthefirst24hofhospitaladmission.Also,thesafetyofnasogastricfeeding,whicheasestheadministrationofenteralnutrientsintheclinicalsetting,islikelyequaltonasojejunalfeeding.Furthermore,anearlylow-fatoraldietispotentiallybeneficialinpatientswithmildpancreatitis.Despitetheinitialencouragingresults,thecurrentevidencedoesnotsupporttheuseofimmunoenhancednutrientsorprobioticsinpatientswithacutepancreatitis.

简介：Deepstructureandmaterialpropertiesoffaultscanbeunderstoodbyobservingandsimulatingtheparticularphaseinafaultfracturezone.Thispaperreviewsthedevelopmentoffault-zoneseismicwavesintheseismologicaldomain.Thepresentresearchstatusoffault-zoneheadwaveandtrappedwavearesummarizedsystematically.Basedonrecentprogressinthisfield,thepaperdiscussestheprospectontheutilizationofseismicwaveinfaultstructureresearch.

简介：Wereviewthepresentstatusandfutureprospectsoffastignition(FI)researchofthetheoreticalgroupattheIAPCM(InstituteofAppliedPhysicsandComputationalMathematics,Beijing)asapartoftheinertialconfinementfusionproject.SincetheapprovaloftheFIprojectattheIAPCM,wehavedevotedoureffortstoimprovingtheintegratedcodesforFIanddesigningadvancedtargetstogetherwiththeexperimentalgroup.RecentFIexperiments[K.U.Aklietal.,Phys.Rev.E86,065402(2012)]showedthatthepetawattlaserbeamenergywasnotefficientlyconvertedintothecompressedcorebecauseofthebeamdivergenceofrelativisticelectronbeams.Thecouplingefficiencycanbeimprovedinthreeways:(1)usingacone–wire-in-shelladvancedtargettoenhancethetransportefficiency,(2)usingexternalmagneticfieldstocollimatefastelectrons,and(3)reducingtheprepulselevelofthepetawattlaserbeam.TheintegratedcodesforFI,namedICFI,includingaradiationhydrodynamiccode,aparticle-in-cell(PIC)simulationcode,andahybridfluid–PICcode,havebeendevelopedtodesignthisadvancedtargetattheIAPCM.TheShenguang-IIupgradedlaserfacilityhasbeenconstructedforFIresearch;itconsistsofeightbeams(intotal24kJ/3ω,3ns)forimplosioncompression,andaheatinglaserbeam(0.5–1kJ,3–5ps)forgeneratingtherelativisticelectronbeam.AfullyintegratedFIexperimentisscheduledforthe2014project.

简介：Withthehigh-speeddevelopmentofeconomyinChina,peoplerequirehigherandhigherqualityoffood,andaccidentsoffoodsafetyinrecentyearshavebeenreported,causingthepromotionofconsumptiondemandongreenfood.Thepaperfirstlyinvestigatesthecurrentsituationofgreenfoodindustryathomeandabroad,thenfocusesontheanalysisofthedemandofgreenfoodmarket.Westudythebalancebetweenthegreenfoodandthepercapitadisposableincomeinshortandlongterm,throughvectorautoregressionmodelandco-integrationanalysisontheincomeelasticityofdemand.Thepapershowsthat,therelationshipbetweengreenfoodconsumptionandpercapitadisposableincomeis"bullwhipeffect",whichmeansthatthepercapitadisposableincomehaveasignificantroletothegreenfoodsalesintheshortterm,butnostableco-integrationrelationshipinthelongterm.

简介：AbridgearmprototypeofITERpoloidalfield(PF)convertermoduleshasbeendesignedandfabricated.Non-cophasecounterparallelconnectionischosenasthearmstructureoftheprototype.Amongallfactorsaffectingcurrentsharing,armstructureisthemainone.Duringthedesignofthearmprototype,anovelmethodbasedoninductancematrixesisemployedtoimprovethecurrentsharingofthebridgearm.Thetestresultsontheprototypeshowthatthecurrentsharingperformanceofthearmprototypeismuchbetterthanrelevantdesignrequirement,andthatthematrixmethodisveryeffectivetoanalyzeandsolvethecurrentsharingproblemsofthyristorconverters.

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简介：Laparoscopicrectalsurgerycontinuestobeachallengingoperationassociatedtoasteeplearningcurve.Roboticsurgicalsystemshavedramaticallychangedminimallyinvasivesurgery.Three-dimensional,magnifiedandstableview,articulatedinstruments,andreductionofphysiologictremorsleadingtosuperiordexterityandergonomics.Therefore,roboticplatformscouldpotentiallyaddresslimitationsoflaparoscopicrectalsurgery.Itwasaimedatreviewingcurrentliteratureonshort-termclinicalandoncological(pathological)outcomesafterroboticrectalcancersurgeryincomparisonwithlaparoscopicsurgery.Asystematicreviewwasperformedfortheperiod2002to2014.Atotalof1776patientswithrectalcancerunderwentminimallyinvasiverobotictreatmentin32studies.Afterroboticandlaparoscopicapproachtooncologicrectalsurgery,respectively,meanoperatingtimevariedfrom192-385min,andfrom158-297min;meanestimatedbloodlosswasbetween33and283mL,andbetween127and300mL;meanlengthofstayvariedfrom4-10d;andfrom6-15d.Conversionafterroboticrectalsurgeryvariedfrom0%to9.4%,andfrom0to22%afterlaparoscopy.Therewasnodifferencebetweenrobotic(0%-41.3%)andlaparoscopic(5.5%-29.3%)surgeryregardingmorbidityandanastomoticcomplications(respectively,0%-13.5%,and0%-11.1%).Regardingimmediateoncologicoutcomes,respectivelyamongroboticandlaparoscopiccases,positivecircumferentialmarginsvariedfrom0%to7.5%,andfrom0%to8.8%;themeannumberofretrievedlymphnodeswasbetween10and20,andbetween11and21;andthemeandistalresectionmarginwasfrom0.8to4.7cm,andfrom1.9to4.5cm.Roboticrectalcancersurgeryisbeingundertakenbyexperiencedsurgeons.However,thequalityoftheassembledevidencedoesnotsupportdefiniteconclusionsaboutmoststudiesvariables.Roboticrectalcancersurgeryisassociatedtoincreasedcostsandoperatingtime.Italsoseemstobeassociatedtoreducedconversionrates.Othershort-termo

简介：这份报纸建议了一个新概念一能适应腿得多打滑为在高潮汐的电流期间翻新到遥远地操作的车辆(ROV)的设计在水下管道检查。为ROV的推进器驱动的推进上的唯一的信赖被在走的一只可连接的昆虫形式的一个建议低费用biomimetic答案代替打滑。这能适应的走的优点打滑是在在海床环境上放和耐力到强壮的电流的高稳定性。在不同赔偿姿势的skid附件引起了至少四，这预定的用显示出的Solidworks流动模拟的计算机模拟流动研究增加在总的来说拖，并且否定电梯在海床ROV上强迫完成一更好在高当前的条件下面调遣并且车站保留(从0.5m/s到5.0m/s)。一个图形的用户接口被设计在robot-in-the-loop在水池测试和kinematics模拟期间与用户一起交往。

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简介：Rareearthluminescentmaterialisoneofthemostimportantapplicationsectorsofrareearths.Chinaenjoystheexceptionaladvantagetodeveloprareearthluminescentmaterialforitsabundantrareearthresources.Afterseveraldecades'endeavor,China'srareearthluminescentmaterialindustry,headedbyrareearthphosphorforlampandLEDandhighefficientrareearthenergy-savinglightsource,hasbeengraduallydevelopedintoascaleindustry.Chinahasbecomeamajorproductionbaseofrareearthphosphorforlampsandrareearth

简介：在最近的年里，免疫疗法为前列腺癌症的治疗作为可行、吸引人的策略出现了。当有指向免疫系统的多重方法时，治疗学的癌症疫苗和有免疫力的检查点禁止者在迟了阶段的临床的试用是很成功的。为无征状或最低限度地征兆的变形前列腺癌症的sipuleucel-T的里程碑食物药品管理局赞同与癌症疫苗PSA得信佳和有免疫力的检查点禁止者ipilimumab为进行中的阶段III试用作准备。没有短期的变化，这些基于免疫者的治疗的一个普通特征是改进全面幸存的外观。这类效果看起来由于肿瘤生长率动力学，激活的免疫系统在施加减缓网络肿瘤生长的经常的immunologic压力的调整。新兴的数据建议为癌症疫苗的临床的试用的理想的人口是有更低的肿瘤体积和更少的好攻击的疾病的病人。把免疫疗法与标准治疗相结合的联合策略被显示了扩充有免疫力的反应和临床的利益。

简介：85件样品的一个总数，从从Ulleung盆拿的UBGH1-9核心镇定，东方海，朝鲜，用硅藻集合被分析。属于46个类的111硅藻种类被识别，并且三个硅藻集合地区根据出现和硅藻的分发模式被建立。硅藻集合地区(134.10-174m)我被相对高的许多水兵种描绘，当略有盐味的种类的增加的数字在硅藻集合地区II(75-125m)被记录时。集合地区IIIa成为了阀门丰富和略有盐味的浮游生物的激烈的落下，而它在IIIb期间成为了增加。高T显示温暖的电流的影响的d价值在硅藻集合地区两个都被记录我和III，和低T在硅藻集合地区II的d价值。显示depositional调节的硅藻集合的分析移动了从对沿岸浅海的环境和那paleotemperature海洋经历了移动从在中间的间隔温暖到冷状况，并且在UBGH1-9核心的上面的间隔从寒冷调节温暖。这建议更低(130-162m)并且UBGH1-9核心的上面的间隔(0-20m)处于温暖的当前的条件(Tsushima温暖的水流)被扔。

简介：DevelopingecologicallightingsourceTheworldisfacingthebigproblemofenergyshortagetodayandthecontradictionbetweeneconomydevelopmentandenvironmentalprotectionisworsened.Therefore,peoplearemorelikelytochooseanecologicallightsourcethatismoreenergyefficientandenvironmentalfriendly.ThechoiceprovidesgreatopportunityforthedevelopmentofrareearthopticalmaterialindustryinChina.Theconceptofgreenlightingpositionsrareearthluminescentmaterialasaleadingplayerinilluminationmarket.ThelightsourceofbothrareearthluminescentlampandLEDlampisecologicalandenergysaving.Thisiswhy

简介：Atwo-dimensionalhybridcodeisdevelopedtomodelthetransportofahigh-currentelectronbeaminadenseplasmatarget.Thebeamelectronsaretreatedasparticlesanddescribedbyparticle-in-cellsimulationincludingcollisionswiththetargetplasmaparticles.Thebackgroundtargetplasmaisassumedtobeastationaryfluidwithtemperaturevariations.Thereturncurrentandtheself-generatedelectricandmagneticfieldsareobtainedbycombiningAmpere’slawwithoutthedisplacementcurrent,theresistiveOhm’slawandFaraday’slaw.Theequationsaresolvedintwo-dimensionalcylindricalgeometrywithrotationalsymmetryonaregulargrid,withcenteredspatialdifferencingandfirst-orderimplicittimedifferencing.Thealgorithmsimplementedinthecodearedescribed,andanumericalexperimentisperformedforanelectronbeamwithMaxwelliandistributionejectedintoauniformdeuterium-tritiumplasmatarget.

简介：西方印第安人水果苍蝇，Anastrephaobliqua(Macquart)，是在整个美洲的最重要的害虫之一。CLIMEX3.0和ArcGIS9.3被用来为这个害虫的现在和将来的潜在的地理分发建模。在当前的气候的条件下面，一。在它被报导了的地方，obliqua被预言能在整个许多热带和画热带建立，包括不仅诺思和南美洲，而且南部的亚洲，东北澳大利亚和Sub-Saharan非洲。限制害虫的范围扩大的主要因素可以是冷应力。气候变化扩展A的潜在的分发。因为热应力，冷压力边界后退的obliquapoleward，而是在西北的澳大利亚和Sub-Saharan非洲的北部分的预言的分发将减少。就为A的广泛地合适的范围而言。obliqua应该全球性并且在中国，提高的检疫和监视措施在被投射对在现在和将来的气候的条件下面的害虫的建立合适的区域被实现。

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简介：一个二维的电磁的Particle-in-Cell(照片)模拟模型被建议与横梁宽度w学习强烈离子横梁的繁殖与电子皮肤深度c/相比小的b通过背景血浆的pe面对外部应用磁场。有效电子gyroradiusw<潜水艇class=“a-plus-plus”>ge被发现面对磁场是为离子横梁运输的一个重要参数。在横梁区域，背景血浆对宽度w的离子横梁不同地作出回应bwge为给定的磁场和横梁精力。为横梁宽度w的盒子bb>w<潜水艇class=“a-plus-plus”>有相对强壮的外部磁场的ge，血浆电子的旋转效果强烈被禁止，离子横梁电流的井中立化能被发现。最后，不同横梁宽度的影响，离子横梁电流的中立化上的横梁精力和磁场为w的盒子被总结b