简介：Watersavinganddevelopingwaterconservationsocietyarethetwokeystrategiesbothforwisewaterallocationandsustainableutilization.Thepaperanalysestheconnotationofwatersavingandwaterconservationsociety.Essentially,watersavingmeansfreeingupwaterfromnon-beneficialusesandprovidingittosomemoreproductiveuses.Basicprinciplesforsettingindicatorarepresentedbyprovidingefficientuseofwater,consideringsocialissuesandecologicalprotection.Anintegratedassessingwatersavingsystemaimingatmoresustainableandefficientconsumptionisgivenconsideringunbalancedsocialandeconomicdevelopmentinregionsandbasins.Thehierarchyindicatorsystemprovidesqualifiedtoolstothepracticeofwaterconservationandevaluatesthevalueforwaterconservationsocietyconstruction.

简介：ConflictbetweenconservationandcommunitylivelihoodisasignificantissueinChina.BasedonSustainableLivelihoodFramework(SLA),thisstudysystematicallyanalyzedlivelihoodsassetsofacommunityinaYunnansnub-nosedmonkeyconservationareaandfoundthatthelivelihoodpentagonofthecommunitywasshapedbymultiplebutfrailandunstableincomesources,abundantnaturalresourceswithrestricteduseright,underutilizedlabors,inadequatefinancialresources,inconvenientphysicalcapitalandweaksocialcapital.Villagers’incomeheavilydependedonforest,andgrazingandnontimberforestproducts(NTFP)collectionarecommonandmajorincomesourcesforvillagers.However,differentiationofincomedependenceonforestamongvillagers’groupsshowedthatthereisnoclosecorrelationbetweenthelevelofincomeandthelevelofincomedependenceonforest.Households’dailylifealsoheavilydependedontheforestduetoheatingandpig-feedcooking;hence,fuelwoodcannotbeeasilyreplacedbyanyotherenergyresourceforalongperiod.

简介：Theuseofenergyconservationemissionreductionpoliciestopromoteindustrialrestructuringandupgradingandthusfacilitateenergyconservationandemissionreductionisoneofthe10importantstrategiesofenvironmentalmanagementinChina.TheuseofenergyconservationemissionreductionpoliciestopromoteindustrialrestructuringandupgradingandthusfacilitateenergyconservationandemissionreductionisoneoftheimportantstrategiesofenvironmentalmanagementinChina.Basedonthesystematiccollectionof1,195energyconservationemissionreductionpolicies,wediscusstheinfluenceofindividualmeasureandmeasuresynergyofenergyconservationandemissionreductionpoliciesrespectively.Theresultsshowthattheenergyconservationandemissionreductionpolicieshaveasignificanteffectontheoverallpromotionofindustrialupgrading.Thefinancialmeasuresandguidancemeasureshaveapositiveimpact;thefinancialmeasuresandguidancemeasureshavesignificantlypositiveeffect;however,theadministrativemeasures,fiscaltaxmeasures,andothereconomicmeasuresdotheopposite;thepositiveeffectofthesynergyofguidancemeasuresandfinancialmeasuresisgreaterthanthenegativeeffectofconsideringonlythesynergyoffiscaltaxmeasuresandothereconomicmeasures,andsignificantlygreaterthanthenegativeeffectofthesynergyofadministrativemeasures,fiscaltaxmeasures,andothereconomicmeasures.Weshouldstrengthenandemphasizetheuseofthemeasurethathaspositiveeffectonindustrialstructurerestructuringandupgradingindividuallyandsynergistically.

简介：TheimpactofenvironmentalregulationontechnologyinnovationisahotspotincurrentresearchwherealargenumberofempiricalstudiesarebasedonPorterHypothesis(PH).However,therearestillcontroversiesinacademiaabouttheestablishmentof'weak'and'narrow'versionsofPH.Basedonthepaneldataofapplicationforpatentofenergyconservationandemissionreduction(ECER)technologyofChinesecityscaleduring2008-2014,comprehensiveenergyprice,pollutantemission,etc.,mixedregressionmodelandsystematicgeneralizedmethodofmomentsmethodwereadopted,respectively,tostudytheimpactofmarket-orientedandcommand-and-controlpolicytoolonChina’sECERtechnologyinnovation.Theresultsshowthattheenvironmentalregulationhinderedthetechnologicalinnovationintheimmediatephase;however,itturnedouttobepositiveinthefirst-lagphase.Hence,theestablishmentof“weak”PHistime-bounded.Thecommand-and-controlpolicytoolplayedamorepositiveroleinpromotingtechnologicalinnovationinthefirst-lagphasethanmarket-orientedpolicytool.Therefore,'narrow'PHisnottenable.ThereasonisthatthemainparticipantsofChina’sECERtechnologyinnovationarestate-ownedcompaniesandpublicinstitutions.Regionallyspeaking,theimpactwhichcommand-and-controlpolicytoolhasontechnologicalinnovationatsightwasnonsignificantintheeastern,thecentral,andthewesternregionsofChinawhilstmarket-orientedpolicytoolhadanegativeeffect.Andmarket-orientedpolicytoolinthecentralregionhadstrongestnegativeeffect,whichwoulddiminishintheeasternregionandbecomeweakestinthewesternregion.Thiswasrelatedtoregionalenergyconsumptionlevelandthemarketeconomicvitality.