简介：DescribedinthispaperarethecharacteristicsoftetradeffectsofREEinrare-metalgranites.Basedontheanalyticaldataandexperimentalgeochemicaldataavailable,itispointedoutthatthetetradeffectsofREEinthegranitesareproducedinthemetal-fluidsystem.Intensefractionalcrystallizationofgraniticmelt(containingREEaccessaryminerals)anditsinteractionwithvolatile-rich(F,Cl)fluidarethemajorfactorsleadingtothetetradeffectsofREE.Fromthis,thispaperpresentsacompositegeneticmodelforhigh-degreefractionalcrystallization-volatile-richfluidmetasomatismofrare-metalgranites.Withthemodel,quantitativecalculationshavebeenmade.Meanwhile,itispointedoutthatthetetradeffectsofREEcanbeusedasanimportantindicatortodistinguishmineralizedgranitesfrombarrenones.

简介：Ananomalousisotopeeffectexistsinmanyheavyelementisotopesystems(e.g.,Sr,Gd,Zn,U).Thiseffectusedtobecalledthe‘‘odd–evenisotopeeffect’’becausetheoddmassnumberisotopesbehavedifferentlyfromtheevenmassnumberisotopes.Thismass-independentisotopefractionationdrivingforce,whichoriginatesfromthedifferenceintheground-stateelectronicenergiescausedbydifferencesinnuclearsizeandshape,iscurrentlydenotedasthenuclearfieldshifteffect(NFSE).ItisfoundthattheNFSEcandriveisotopefractionationofsomeheavyelements(e.g.,Hg,Tl,U)toanastonishingdegree,farmorethanthemagnitudecausedbytheconventionalmass-dependenteffect(MDE).Forlightelements,theMDEisthedominantfactorinisotopefractionation,whiletheNFSEisneglectable.Furthermore,theMDEandtheNFSEbothdecreaseastemperaturesincrease,thoughatdifferentrates.TheMDEdecreasesrapidlywithafactorof1/T2,whiletheNFSEdecreasesslowlywithafactorof1/T.Asaresult,evenathightemperatures,theNFSEisstillsignificantformanyheavyelementisotopesystems.Inthisreviewpaper,webeginwithanintroductionofthebasicconceptoftheNSFE,includingitshistoryandrecentprogress,andfollowwiththepotentialimplicationsoftheinclusionoftheNFSEintothekineticisotopefractionationeffect(KIE)andheavyisotopegeochronology.

简介：在这处理了纸从在福建的Changtai枇杷果园为土壤转化酶和urease是在土壤和活动参数的Cu内容之间的关系省。土壤转化酶活动和最大的反应速度(酶运动参数：V最大和V最大/Km)没与Cu集中有显著否定关联，但是Cu集中在转化酶K在在Cu和转化酶之间的反应上显示可逆竞争抑制的m,。土壤urease活动和最大的反应速度(V最大,V最大/Km)与Cu集中有显著否定关联，并且在这个方面，当土壤的生态的索引由Cu弄脏，他们能被使用。稍微可变的Km显示在Cu和土壤urease之间的非可逆的竞争抑制。Cuconcentration=在土壤的2.00mg·L−1是中等Cu污染水平的一口陈述语气。

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简介：Microbeswereculturedandidentifiedfromthesaplescollectedatvariousdepthsin4weatheringprofilesofREE-bearinggranitesinGonghe,Guangdong,Themicrobeswerefoundexistingatthedepthof0-5minalltheprofiles.Themainmicrobesincludecoccus(Staphylococcus,Streptococcus),bacillus(Bacillus,ClostridiumandEscherichiaColi),actinmycesandfungi(Saccharomycete,Penicillium,Fusarium,AspergillusAigerandMucor),Thenumberofcoloniesdecreasesdownwardsintheprofiles.ExperimentalstudiesshowthatallthemicrobesusedintheexperimentcanacceleratedownwardmigationofREEintheexperimentaltubes.,TheabilitytoacceleratethemigrationofREEdecreasesinasequenceoffungi→actinomyces→acillus→coccus.ThemicrobescanchangethemodesofoccurrenceofREEintheweatheringcrust.Thecoccus,bacillusandactinomycescanincreasetheamountsofREEinionstate,whereasthefungihaveastrongerabilitytofromorganiccompoundingREEandaccumulateREEthanthebacteriado.

简介：Understandingtheeffectsoforganicacids（OA）onthetransformationofFeandMntosurfacewaterfromtheweatheringcoalgangueisofgreatbene?ttoriskassessmentandremediationstrategiesforcontaminatedwaterandsoil.BasedontheinvestigationonsurfacewaterinthecentralcoaldistrictsoftheGuizhouProvince,18watersampleswerecollectedforheavymetalanalysis.TheresultsindicatedthatthepHvalueofsurfacewaterislow（3.11–4.92）,andFeconcentration(1.31–5.55mgL-1)andMnconcentration(1.90–5.71mgL-1)were,onaverage,10.86and34.33timesthelimitofSurfaceWaterQualityStandards,respectively.InordertoevaluatetheeffectsoftheOAonthedissolutionofFeandMnfromtheweatheringcoalgangue,columnelutionandbatchleachingexperimentswereconducted.Theresultsshowthatthelowmolecularweightoforganicacids（LMWOAs,i.e.,oxalic,tartaric,malicandcitricacids）andfulvicacidssigni?-cantlyacceleratedthedissolutionofFeandMn;inaddition,whentheconcentrationofOAreached25mmolL-1,theconcentrationsofFe,andMnwere1.14–67.08and1.11–2.32timesashighasthosein0.5mmolL-1OA,respectively.Furthermore,themigrationofFeandMnwassigni?cantlyin?uencedbythepHandEh,especiallyforFe;theionMnwasdissolvedfromtheganguemoreeasilythantheionFeinthecolumnleaching,whichwascontrarytotheresultsofbatchleaching.

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简介：Itisgenerallyacceptedthatthecompositionsandpropertiesofsoilorganicmatter（SOM）arein?uencedbymanyfactors.InordertorevealtheeffectsofsoiltextureoncharacteristicsanddynamicsofSOManditssub-fraction,humicacid（HA）,alongtwosoilpro?les,ayellowsoilpro?leandapurplishsoilpro?le,underthesameclimateandvegetationconditionsweredetermined.Resultsindicatethatthedecompositionandhumi?cationdegreesofSOMandHAofthepurplishsoilsarehigherthanthoseofthecorrespondingyellowsoilsindicatedbyA/O–AratiosofHAs,TOCsandHAyieldsofbulksoilsamples,nevertheless,thedevelopmentdegreeofthepurplishsoilislowerthanthatoftheyellowsoil.ThevariationsofE4/E6ratiosofHAsalongthesoilpro?lesindicatetheoverallmolecularsizesofHAsdecreaseddownwardalongthesoilpro?les.A/O–AratiosofHAsdecreaseddownwardalongboththesoilpro?lesindicatethathumi?cationprocessesdecreasedownwardalongboththesoilpro?les.LeachingofSOMshowssigni?canteffectsonthedistributionandcharacteristicsofHAsintheyellowsoilpro?lebutthepurplishsoilpro?le,whichisconsistentwiththehigherhydrophobicityofHAsinpurplishsoils,showsthatthedistributioncharacteristicsofSOMalongthesoilpro?lesareacomplexresultofthecombinationofsoiltextureandcharacteristicsofSOMitself.TheremarkablydifferentsandcontentsareconcludedtentativelyasoneofreasonstothedifferentdistributionsanddynamicsofHAsalongthesoilpro?les,however,toprofoundlyunderstandtheevolutionandtransportofSOMalongsoilpro?lesneedsmoreresearches.

简介：瓣鳃类壳的稳定的同位素的作文广泛地被用来重建palaeo气候和palaeo环境。瓣鳃类壳的同位素的作文仍然在争论的碳的气候、环境的意义，和新陈代谢的碳的加入能遮住溶解的无机的碳的碳同位素记录。这研究处理淡水瓣鳃类，Corbiculafluminea霰石壳。结果显示与主人水从平衡扔并且显示出ontogenic的瓣鳃类壳的13C价值减少，显示有新陈代谢的效果，更多的新陈代谢的碳被合并到更大的壳。壳的新陈代谢的碳的比例在19.8%和26.8%之间变化。然而，13CS能仍然被用作发生在壳生长期间的13CDIC和环境过程的质的指示物。

简介：Inorganic-richgasshales,claymineralsandorganicmatter(OM)havesignificantinfluencesontheorigin,preservation,andproductionofshalegas.Becauseofthesubstantialroleofnanoscaleporesinthegeneration,storage,andseepageofshalegas,weexaminedtheeffectsofclaymineralsandOMonnanoscaleporedistributioncharacteristicsinLowerPaleozoicshalegasreservoirs.UsingtheNiutitangandLongmaxishalesasexamples,wedeterminedtheeffectsofclaymineralsandOMonporesthroughsedimentationexperiments.Fieldemission–scanningelectronmicroscopycombinedwithlow-pressureN2adsorptionofthesamplesbeforeandaftersedimentationshowedsignificantdifferencesinporelocationandporesizedistributionbetweentheNiutitangandLongmaxishales.NanoscaleporesmostlyexistedinOMintheLongmaxishaleandinclaymineralsorOM–claycompositesintheNiutitangshale.Thedistributiondifferenceswereattributedlargelytovariabilityinthermalevolutionandtectonicdevelopmentandmightaccountforthedifferenceingas-bearingcapacitybetweentheNiutitangandLongmaxireservoirs.Inthenanoscalerange,mesoporesaccountedfor61–76%oftotalnanoscaleporevolume.ConsiderablydevelopednanoscaleporesinOMweredistributedinabroadsizerangeintheLongmaxishale,whichledtogoodporeconnectivityandgasproduction.Numerousnarrowpores(i.e.,pores\20nm)inOM–claycompositeswerefoundintheNiutitangshale,andmightaccountforthisshale’spoorporeconnectivityandlowgasproductionefficiency.Enhancingtheconnectivityofthemesopores(especiallypores\20nmandthosedevelopedinOM–claycomposites)mightbethekeytoimprovingdevelopmentoftheNiutitangshale.ThefindingsprovidenewinsightintotheformationandevolutionarymechanismofnanoscaleporesdevelopedinOMandclayminerals.

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