简介：Nanoscalemullitepowderweresynthesizedviasolgel-SCFDandmiddletemperaturetreatmentbyusingAIP(aluminum-isopropoxde)andTEOS(tetraethylorthosilicate)asstartingmaterials.Bothofthebinaryaerogelofalumina-silicaandcalcinednanoscalematerialswereinvestigatedbyusingTG-DSC(thermogravimetry-differentialscanningcalorimeter),TEM(transmissionelectronmicroscope),XRD(X-Raydiffractometer)andspecificsurfaceareaandporosimetry.TG-DSCindicatedtheremovalofmostofthevolatiles,i.e.15.98%uptoabout700℃,andintheDSCcurve,existenceoftwoexothermicpeakatabout445℃and1015℃maybeduetothecrystallizationofSi-O-Al-Oindiphasicgelsandmullitizationandasmallendothermicpeakatabout805℃indicatedthedecompositionofstructuralwatermolecules.OnthecolligationoftheresultsofTG-DSC,XRDandTEM,thebeginningtemperatureofmullitizationinAl2O3-SiO2aerogelsystemcanbeconfirmedatabout1015℃.XRDresultsalsoshowedtheformationofmulliteattherange1100-1200℃.TEMandsurfaceareaandporosimetryresultsshowedthatthenanosizedmullitewerecalcinatedat1100and1200℃exhibitedsize30nmand50nm,specificsurfacearea138.91m^2/gand95.81m^2/g.

简介：WepresentedasimpleroutetopreparenanoscaleCdTeurchinsinatri-n-octylphosphineoxide(TOPO)system.CdTeurchinsconsistedofacoreandseveralattachedarms.Thearmswereca.3nmwide,andtheirlengthscouldbecontrolledwiththereactiontime.TheauthorsinvestigatedtheopticalabsorptionandstructuralpropertiesofthepreparedCdTe.ThelengthsofthearmscouldbetunedintoCdTenanourchins,whichledtoachangeinthephotophysicalpropertiesofthenanoscaleCdTeurchins.Theresults,includingtransmissionelectronmicroscopy(TEM)andabsorptionspectra,indicatedthatmesoporoussilicaandaminopropyltriethoxysilane(APTES)contributedtotheformationofnanoscaleCdTeurchins.

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简介：金属性的multilayers(NMM)很吸引了的nanoscale的机械行为从科学、实际的看法的注意。与他们的整体的对应物相比，在NMM存在的接口的大数字支配结构的合成材料的这个特殊的班的唯一的行为。当microlaminates的机械机制上有很多评论时，纳米技术的快速的开发为专门集中于NMM的一个基于性质的定义的概述带了紧迫的需要，他们的特别尺寸依赖者微观结构和机械性能。这篇文章试图在微观结构，机械性质和NMM的塑料变丑物理上提供全面、新的评论。我们希望这评论能完成二个目的：(1)介绍可伸缩和维的分析到研究NMM系统的科学家和工程师的基本概念，并且(2)提供接口行为和在NMM的接口在原子规模显示的非凡的质量的更好的理解。

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简介：Particleisasmallobjectthatbehavesasawholeentityinrespectofitstransportandproperties.Particuologyistheterminologytodescribethescienceandtechnologyofparticles.Particuologyisamultidisciplinaryresearchbuiltuponthebranchesofphysics,chemistry,mathematics,materialsscience,biology,andearthscience,andconnectsthefundamentalrulestoengineeringparticlesystemsencompassingaspectrumofapplicationsinareasofchemical,petrochemicalandpharmaceuticalindustries,environmentalprotection,aswellasfunctionalmaterials(IntroductiontoParticuology,http://www.journals.elsevier.com/particuology/).Withtherapidgrowthofnanotechnology,therisingattentiononthemicrostructureofnovelnanomaterialsandtheirnovelmass

简介：在中国的金geochemical省在这研究通过溪流沉积或集水沉积采样被描出。每个金geochemical省由2.5个ng/g封面的阀值价值描出几千公里的一个区域。是窘境geochemists传统地认为那块金牌不能在河或溪流里为长距离移居由于它的化学不活泼和高特定的密度形成一个大规模geochemical异例。在一台扫描电子显微镜(SEM)下面的量的分光镜的分析和观察显示亚微观的金粒子的存在(

简介：AnanalyticalmodelhasbeendevelopedtostudyinversionlayerquantizationintheultrathinoxideMOS(metaloxidesemiconductor)structuresusingvariationandtriangularwellapproaches.Accuratemodelingoftheinversionchargedensityusingthecontinuoussurfacepotentialequationshasbeendone.Noapproximationhasbeentakentomodeltheinversionlayerquantizationprocess.TheresultsshowthatthevariationapproachdescribesinversionlayerquantizationprocessaccuratelyasitmatcheswellwiththeBSIM5(Berkeleyshortchannelinsulatedgatefieldeffecttransistormodel5)resultsmorecloselycomparedwithtriangularwellapproach.

简介：Duetotheupcomingdemandsofnext-generationelectronic/magnetoelectronicdeviceswithlow-energyconsumption,emergingcorrelatedmaterials(suchassuperconductors,topologicalinsulatorsandmanganites)areoneofthehighlypromisingcandidatesfortheapplications.Forthepastdecades,manganiteshaveattractedgreatinterestduetothecolossalmagnetoresistanceeffect,charge-spin-orbitalordering,andelectronicphaseseparation.However,theincapableofdeterministiccontrolofthoseemerginglow-dimensionalspinstructuresatambientconditionrestricttheirpossibleapplications.Therefore,theunderstandingandcontrolofthedynamicbehaviorsofspinorderparametersatnanoscaleinmanganitesunderexternalstimuliwithlowenergyconsumption,especiallyatroomtemperatureishighlydesired.Inthisreview,wecollectedrecentmajorprogressesofnanoscalecontrolofspinstructuresinmanganitesatlowdimension,especiallyfocusingonthecontroloftheirphaseboundaries,domainwallsaswellasthetopologicalspinstructures(e.g.,skyrmions).Inaddition,capacitor-basedprototypespintronicdevicesareproposedbytakingadvantageoftheabovecontrolmethodsinmanganites.Thiscapacitor-basedstructuremayprovideanewplatformforthedesignoffuturespintronicdeviceswithlow-energyconsumption.

简介：Sub-10-nm体积n-MOSFET(金属氧化物半导体地效果晶体管)直接source-to-排水管通道水流密度使用Wentzel-Krammers-Brillouin(WKB)传播通道理论被模仿了。隧道长度和障碍高度上的source-to-drain通道水流的依赖被检验。倒置层量子化，变窄的乐队差距，和导致的障碍降低完成的排水管在模型被包括了。漏水流密度在4nm隧道长度下面严重地增加，这被观察了，因此把限制放到按比例缩小MOSFET。结果与已经在文学报导的数字结果仔细匹配。

简介：Inthispaper,wereportahigh-performanceP3HT/PCBMbulk-heterojunctionsolarcellwithapowerconversionefficiencyof4.85%fabricatedbyadjustingthepolymercrystallinityandnanoscalephaseseparationusinganultrasonicirradiationmixingapproachforthepolymer.ThegrazingincidenceX-raydiffraction,UV/Visspectroscopic,andatomicforcemicroscopicmeasurementresultsfortheP3HT/PCBMblendfilmsrevealthattheP3HT/PCBMfilmfabricatedbyultrasonicirradiationmixingoftheP3HTandPCBMsolutionsfor10minhasahigherdegreeofcrystallinity,ahigherabsorptionefficiency,andbetterphaseseparation,whichtogetheraccountforthehigherchargetransportpropertiesandphotovoltaiccellperformance.

简介：Glassbasedbonecement(GBC)wassynthesizedbymixingCaO-SiO2-P2O5basedglasspowderwithammoniumphosphateliquidmedium.Bone-likehydroxyapatite(HAP,Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2)wasfoundtoformafterGBCwasimmersedinsimulatedbodyfluid(SBF).HAPcrystalgrewwithanincreasingtimealongcaxleandreachedabout200nminlengthafter30days,however,theendplanegranularityremained30～50nm.Thechemicalcomposition,crystalstructureandmorphologyofHAPformedfromGBCwereprovedtohavegreatresemblancewithlivingHAP.ItisbelievedthatGBCwasadesirablebiomedicalmaterialwithhighbioactivity.Furthermore,thehighcompressivestrengthguaranteedthepossibilityofGBCinclinicalapplication.

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简介：Wefirstreportafabricationtechniqueofnanoscalespecklepatternsonpolymersusingbroadionbeammilling.Theproposedtechniqueissimpleandlow-costtoproducespecklesrangingfromdozensofnanometerstolessthanthreemicrometersinalargeareaofseveralmillimeters.Randompatternsweresuccessfullyproducedwithanargon(Ar)ionbeamonthesurfacesoffourkindsofpolymers:theepoxymatrixofcarbonfiberreinforcedplastic,polyester,polyvinylformal-acetal,andpolyimide.Thespecklemorphologiesslightlyvarywithdifferentpolymers.Thefabricatedspecklepatternshavegoodtimestabilityandarepromisingtobeusedtomeasurethenanoscaledeformationsofpolymersusingthedigitalimagecorrelationmethod.

简介：StraightandBentnano-cantileverspecimensarerespectivelyproposedtoinvestigatethesingle-modeandmixed-modecrackinitiationattheCu/Siinterfaceedgeinnanoscalecomponents.Withaminuteloadingapparatus,allnanoscalesamplesareinsituloadedandobserved.Numericalanalysisisemployedtoacquirethecriticalinterfacialstressdistributionsduringcrackinitiation.ThestressconcentrationregionsneartheedgeofCu/Siinterfaceinallspecimensarewithinthescaleof100nm,andthecriticalnormalandshearstresseshaveacircularrelationinnanoscalecomponents,whichrepresentsthefracturecriterionoftheinterfaceinnanoscalecomponents.

简介：Thenanoscaletitaniacoatedsilicawaspreparedviaatwo-stepprecipitatingapproach,wherethenanoscalesilicanucleiwerefirstpreparedbypassinganaqueoussolutionofsodiumsilicatethroughanion-exchangeresinbed,thencoatedwiththeprecipitationfromhydrolyzedbutyltitanateinanethanol-hexanemixtureatalowpHvalueinthepresenceofpoly(ethyleneoxide)polyaminesalt(PPA)atahightemperatureof90℃.Inthesecond-stepprecipitatingprocess,thespontaneouslyprecipitatedtitaniashellonthesilicanucleiwasstabilizedinthesuspensionsolutionwiththehelpoftheadsorptionofPPAontheparticles.Apossibleprecipitatingmechanismwassuggested.Furthermore,theamorphoustitaniashellcouldundergocrystallizationfromtheamorphoustotheanatasestructureatahightemperatureof650℃,andafurtherphasetransitionfromtheanatasetotherutilestructureinthedifferentsinteringprocessesatarisingtemperatureof750℃.

简介：Inorganic-richgasshales,claymineralsandorganicmatter(OM)havesignificantinfluencesontheorigin,preservation,andproductionofshalegas.Becauseofthesubstantialroleofnanoscaleporesinthegeneration,storage,andseepageofshalegas,weexaminedtheeffectsofclaymineralsandOMonnanoscaleporedistributioncharacteristicsinLowerPaleozoicshalegasreservoirs.UsingtheNiutitangandLongmaxishalesasexamples,wedeterminedtheeffectsofclaymineralsandOMonporesthroughsedimentationexperiments.Fieldemission–scanningelectronmicroscopycombinedwithlow-pressureN2adsorptionofthesamplesbeforeandaftersedimentationshowedsignificantdifferencesinporelocationandporesizedistributionbetweentheNiutitangandLongmaxishales.NanoscaleporesmostlyexistedinOMintheLongmaxishaleandinclaymineralsorOM–claycompositesintheNiutitangshale.Thedistributiondifferenceswereattributedlargelytovariabilityinthermalevolutionandtectonicdevelopmentandmightaccountforthedifferenceingas-bearingcapacitybetweentheNiutitangandLongmaxireservoirs.Inthenanoscalerange,mesoporesaccountedfor61–76%oftotalnanoscaleporevolume.ConsiderablydevelopednanoscaleporesinOMweredistributedinabroadsizerangeintheLongmaxishale,whichledtogoodporeconnectivityandgasproduction.Numerousnarrowpores(i.e.,pores\20nm)inOM–claycompositeswerefoundintheNiutitangshale,andmightaccountforthisshale’spoorporeconnectivityandlowgasproductionefficiency.Enhancingtheconnectivityofthemesopores(especiallypores\20nmandthosedevelopedinOM–claycomposites)mightbethekeytoimprovingdevelopmentoftheNiutitangshale.ThefindingsprovidenewinsightintotheformationandevolutionarymechanismofnanoscaleporesdevelopedinOMandclayminerals.

简介：这份报纸成功地为nanobeams在非局部的有弹性的压力地理论处理了三个关键却俯看的问题：增加非局部的效果的存在导致的(i)在许多减少了nanostructural僵硬，然而并非一致地为所有，学习的盒子，即，增加的静态的偏转，减少的自然频率和减少的弄弯的负担，吗尽管根据非局部的弹性地，理论首先由Eringen建立了的物理直觉不那样告诉？(ii)nanoscale完成的吸引人的结论在在学习的许多作为模范的盒子中的答案是失踪的，例如，把有在它的尖端的点负担的伸臂nanobeam的偏转弄弯；并且(iii)另外的高顺序的边界的不存在为一个高顺序的管理调节微分方程。在nanomechanics和一条准确变化主要途径使用非局部的弹性领域理论，我们为nanobeams弯曲导出新平衡条件，管理微分方程的领域和边界条件。这些方程和条件包含在符号关于相反的必要高顺序的微分条款以前在非局部的nano结构的静电干扰和动力学学习。在高顺序的条款的差别关于这份报纸的结论导致nanoscale效果的反向的趋势。有效地，这份报纸报导新平衡条件，管理为nanobeams弯曲的微分方程和边界条件和真基本静态的回答。非局部的nanostructures的广泛地接受的平衡条件事实上不在平衡，这也被结束，但是他们能被使完美非局部的弯曲时刻应该到一有效非局部的弯曲时刻被代替。这些结论被证实，在一般意义，由在象种类坡度理论，修改夫妇压力模型和实验那样的nanostructural模型的另外的途径。关键词弯曲-有效非局部的弯曲时刻-nanobeam-nanomechanics-nanoscale-非局部的有弹性的应力-种类坡度汉语Librarary分类O3432000数学题目分类74A60由郭工程从香港特别行政区的研究资助委员会由资助支持了的我x交流了(没有。CityU117406）

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简介：Ameshlessradialbasisfunction(RBF)collocationmethodbasedontheEringennonlocalelasticitytheoryisdevelopedtocalculatethebandstructuresofternaryandquaternarynanoscalemulti-layeredphononiccrystals(PNCs)withfunctionallygraded(FG)interlayers.Detailedcalculationsareperformedforanti-planetransversewavespropagatinginsuchPNCs.TheinfluencesofFGandhomogeneousinterlayers,componentnumber,nonlocalinterfaceimperfectionsandnanoscalesizeoncut-offfrequencyandbandstructuresareinvestigatedindetail.Numericalresultsshowthatthesefactorshavesignificanteffectsonbandstructuresatthemacroscopicandmicroscopicscales.