简介：Thetriple-to-doublecoincidenceratio(TDCR)methodofliquidscintillationcount-ingisanabsolutemeasurementmethodofradioactivity.TheformulationoftheTDCRmethodandtheestablishedTDCRliquidscintillationcounterarepresentedinthispaper.TheNISTstandardreferencematerial(SRM)oftritiumwaterwasmeasuredtoverifytheperformanceoftheTDCRliquidscintillationcounter.

简介：AnexperimentalsystemofACarcdischargeinwaterwasdesignedwithpole-poleelectrodesandapeakvoltageof1500Vandatestcircuitwassetupusingvirtualinstrumenttechnology.ThemechanismofanACplasmaarcgeneratedinwaterwasanalyzed.ThevoltagecurrentcharacteristicoftheACplasmaarcwasobtainedfromthewaveform.Thetemperaturecharacteristicwastestedwithaspectrumdiagnosissystem,andtheeffectofdifferentelectrodematerialsonthestrikingvoltageandpeakcurrentwasanalyzed.Theresultsshowthatwhenapowersupplyof6kWisappliedonelectrodeswithagapof2mminwater,thestrikingvoltageisfrom900Vto1300V,thearcvoltageisfrom40Vto100V,thearccurrentisfrom2Ato7A,andthezerorestperiodisfrom1msto2ms.Inaddition,thearcvoltageandcurrentaredifferentforelectrodesinaluminum,copperandstainlesssteel.Thearcvoltageislowerandthecurrentishigherforanaluminumelectrodethanthoseforcopperandstainlesssteelones.Thehighesttemperatureofthearcis7643K.

简介：AwaterplasmawasgeneratedbyDCarcdischargewithahafniumembeddedrodtypecathodeandanozzle-typeanode.Thedischargecharacteristicswereexaminedbychangingtheoperationparameterofthearccurrent.Thedynamicbehaviorofthearcdischargeledtosignificantfluctuationsinthearcvoltageanditsfrequency.Analysesofthehighspeedimageandthearcvoltagewaveformshowedthatthearcdischargewasintherestrikemodeanditsfrequencyvariedwithinseveraltensofkilohertzaccordingtotheoperatingconditions.Thelargerthermalplasmavolumewasgeneratedbythehigherflowfromtheformingsteamwithahigherrestrikefrequencyinthehigherarccurrentconditions.Inaddition,thecharacteristicsofthewaterplasmajetwereinvestigatedbymeansofopticalemissionspectroscopytoidentifytheabundantradicalsrequiredinanefficientwastetreatmentprocess.

简介：Thewatercooledceramicbreeder(WCCB)blanketemployingpressurizedwaterasacoolantisoneofthebreedingblanketcandidatesfortheChinaFusionEngineeringTestReactor(CFETR).Someupdatingofneutronicsanalyseswasneeded,becausetherewerechangesintheneutronicsperformanceoftheblanketasseveralsignificantmodificationsandimprovementshavebeenadoptedfortheWCCBblanket,includingtheoptimizationofradialbuild-upandcustomizedstructureforeachblanketmodule.A22.5degreetoroidalsymmetricaltorussector3DneutronicsmodelcontainingtheupdateddesignoftheWCCBblanketmoduleswasdevelopedfortheneutronicsanalyses.Thetritiumbreedingcapability,nuclearheatingpower,radiationdamage,anddecayheatwerecalculatedbytheMCNPandFISPACTcode.Theresultsshowthatthepackingfactorand~6Lienrichmentofthebreedershouldbothbenolessthan0.8toensuretritiumself-sufficiency.Thenuclearheatingpoweroftheblanketunder200MWfusionpowerreaches201.23MW.Thedisplacementperatomperfullpoweryear(FPY)oftheplasma-facingcomponentandfirstwallreach0.90and2.60,respectively.ThepeakHproductionratereaches150.79appm/FPYandthepeakHeproductionreaches29.09appm/FPYinblanketmodule#3.Thetotaldecayheatoftheblanketmodulesis2.64MWat1saftershutdownandtheaveragedecayheatdensitycanreach11.09kWm~(-3)atthattime.Thedecayheatdensityoftheblanketmodulesslowlydecreasestolowerthan10Wm~(-3)inmorethantenyears.

简介：Inordertoinvestigatethenuclearresponsetothewater-cooledceramicbreederblanketmodelsforCFETR,adetailed3Dneutronicsmodelwith22.5otorussectorwasdevelopedbasedontheintegratedgeometryofCFETR,includingheterogeneousWCCBblanketmodels,shield,divertor,vacuumvessel,toroidalandpoloidalmagnets,andports.UsingtheMonteCarloN-ParticleTransportCodeMCNP5andIAEAFusionEvaluatedNuclearDataLibraryFENDL2.1,theneutronicsanalyseswereperformed.Theneutronwallloading,tritiumbreedingratio,thenuclearheating,neutron-inducedatomicdisplacementdamage,andgasproductionweredetermined.TheresultsindicatethattheglobalTBRofnolessthan1.2willbeabigchallengeforthewatercooledceramicbreederblanketforCFETR.

简介：Anovelnanosecondpulsedpowerunitwasdevelopedforplasmatreatmentofwastewater,basedonthetheoryofmagneticpulsecompressionandsemiconductoropeningswitch(SOS).Thepeakvalue,risetimeandpulsedurationoftheoutputvoltagewereobservedtobe-51kV,60nsand120ns,respectively.Theconcentrationsof·OHgeneratedbythenovelnanosecondpulsedplasmapowerweredeterminedusingthemethodofhigh-performanceliquidchromatography(HPLC).Theresultsshowedthattheconcentrationsof·OHincreasedwiththeincreaseinpeakvoltage,andthegenerationratesof·OHwere4.1×10-10mol/s,5.7×10-10mol/s,and7.7×10-10mol/sat30kV,35kV,and40kV,respectively.TheefficiencyofOHgenerationwasfoundtobeindependentoftheinputparametersforappliedpower,withanaveragevalueof3.23×10-12mol/Jobtained.

简介：Thetransportprocessof12CionsinwaterwasstudiedwithSRIMcodeandGeant4toolkit.TheSRIMresultsindicatethatthetransversediffusionof12Cionbeamcausesdistortionofenergydepositalongthebeamdirection.Thedistortionbecomesmorenotableasthetrans-versediffusionincreases.ThesimulationresultsofGeant4indicatethattheinfluenceofsecondaryfragmentsonenergydepositdistributionwouldbethemainfactorcausingthedistortioninhigherenergyrange.Intheregionadjacenttothebeamlinewherethecontributionfrom12Cionsdomi-nates,thecontributionsfromsecondaryfragmentsareignorable.Thefurtherfromthebeamaxistheregionlocates,thelargerthecontributionsfromsecondaryfragments,untilthecontributionsfromsecondaryfragmentsareignorable.Thefurtherfromthebeamaxistheregionlocates,thelargerthecontributionsfromsecondaryfragments,untilthecontributionsfromsecondaryfrag-mentsexceedthatof12C.Amongallthesecondaryfragments,thecontributionsofH,HeandBionsaremostlynotable.Itisalsofoundthatsomepositron-emittingsecondaryfragmentscouldbeveryusefulforpositionemittingtomography(PET).

简介：Wehavedevelopedalargenumberofexocrineglandsonliquoriceleavesandfacilitatedpolysaccharidesecretion.Liquoricepolysaccharidepossessesstrongerboundwateraffinitytogaseouswatercomparedwithsucroseandglucose.Ourresultsshowthattheboundwateraffinityofliquoricepolysaccharidetogaseouswateris49.75%higherthanglucose(p<0.01).WithN~+implantation(totaldosageof4.68×10~(16)ions/cm~2andenergyof20keV)intodryliquoriceseeds,boththeboundwateraffinitytogaseouswaterandtheboundwatercontentofdryliquoriceleafcanbesignificantlyincreased30.24%(p<0.01)and36.51%(p<0.01)respectivelycomparedwiththesham-irradiatedseeds.Meanwhile,withtheseparameterschosenforN~+implantationintodryliquoriceseeds,theleafpolysaccharidecontentunderwaterstress(ψ_w=-1.5MPa)canincreasesignificantly(p<0.05)andtheplantgrowthcanalsoimprovesignificantly(p<0.05).

简介：Theexperimentwascarriedoutinacylindricaldielectricbarrierdischarge(DBD)reactorassistedwithacatalysttodecomposetolueneunderdifferenthumidity.Inordertoexplorethesynergisticeffectonremovingtolueneinthecatalysis-DBDreactor,thispaperinvestigatedthedecompositionefficiencyandtheenergyconsumptioninthecatalysis-DBDandthenon-catalystDBDreactorsunderdifferenthumidity.Theresultsshowedthatthecatalysis-DBDreactorhadabetterperformancethanthenon-catalysisoneatthehumidityratioof0.4%,andtheremovalefficiencyoftoluenecouldreach88.6%inthecatalysis-DBDreactor,whileitwasonly59.9%inthenon-catalyticreactor.However,therewasnosignificantdifferenceintheremovalefficiencyoftoluenebetweenthetworeactorswhenthehumiditieswere1.2%and2.4%.Additionally,thedegradationproductswerealsoanalyzedinordertogainabetterunderstandingofthemechanismofdecomposingtolueneinacatalysis-DBDreactor.

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简介：Thesurfaceshapeofliquidwateriswellcontrolledduringnanosecondpulselaserablationplasmapropulsion.Inthisstudy,wemeasuredtheeffectoftheshapeonthecouplingcoefficientandthespecificimpulse.Wefoundthatthecouplingcoefficientandspecificimpulsecouldbeoptimizedbyvaryingthesurfaceconvexity.Basedontheanalysisofthesurfaceradiuscurvature,wedemonstratethattheconvexsurfacechangesthelaserfocalpositionstoachievehighefficiency.

简介：Effectsofdischargemode,voltageapplied,sizeofthenozzledischargeelectrodeandflowrateofwateronthegenerationofhydroxylradicalwereinvestigatedinairdischargewithatomizedwater,byusingopticalemissionspectroscopy(OES).Waterwasinjectedintothedischargeregionthroughthedischargenozzleelectrode,andalargeamountoffinewaterdrops,formedanddistributedinthedischargeregion,wereobserved.ItwasfoundthatnegativeDCcoronadischargewasmoreeffectivetogeneratethehydroxylradicalsincomparisontopositiveDCcoronadischargeornegativepulseddischarge.Alargerouterdiameterofthenozzleelectrodeorastrongerelectricfieldisbeneficialforhydroxyl-radicalgeneration.Moreover,thereisacriticalvalueintheflowrateofatomizedwateragainstthedischargevoltage.Belowthiscriticalvalue,hydroxyl-radicalgenerationincreaseswiththeincreaseinflowrateofthewater,whileabovethisvalue,itdecreases.Inaddition,itisobservedthatOESfromthedischargeismainlyintheultravioletdomain.Theresultsarehelpfulinthestudyofthemechanismandapplicationofplasmainpollution-controlineitherairorwater.

简介：Dielectricbarrierdischarge(DBD)excitatedbypulsedpowerisapromisingmethodforproducingnonthermalplasmaatatmosphericpressure.DischargecharacteristicinaDBDwithsaltwateraselectrodesbyahome-madeunipolarnanosecond-pulsepowersourceispresentedinthispaper.Thegeneratoriscapableofprovidingrepetitivepulseswiththevoltageupto30kVanddurationof70nsata300Ωresistiveload.Appliedvoltageanddischargecurrentaremeasuredundervariousexperimentalconditions.TheDBDcreatedbetweentwoliquidelectrodesshowsthatthedischargeishomogeneousanddiffuseinthewholedischargeregime.Spectradiagnosisisconductedbyanopticalemissionspectroscopy.Theairplasmahasstrongemissionfromnitrogenspeciesbelow400nm,notablythenitrogensecondpositivesystem.

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