简介：ＧｅｏｓｔｒｏｐｈｉｃＷａｖｅＣｉｒｃｕｌａｔｉｏｎｓ（Ｅｎｇｌｉｓｈｅｄｉｔｉｏｎ）ＹｏｎｇＬ．ＭｃＨａｌｌ（Ｄｅｐｔ．ｏｆＥａｒｔｈ，ＡｔｍｏｓｐｈｅｒｉｃａｎｄＰｌａｎｅｔａｒｙＳｃｉｅｎｃｅｓ，ＭＩＴＰｕｂｌｉｓｈｅｄｂｙＣｈｉｎａＭｅｔｅｏ...

简介：Characteristicsofthewavesources,energypropagationandconversionforanomalousRossbywaveactivities(RWAs)alongtheWestAsianjetstream(WAJS)insummerareexaminedbasedontheNCEP/NCAR(NationalCentersforEnvironmentalPrediction/NationalCenterforAtmosphericResearch)reanalysisdatafrom1958to2003,usingthevorticitysourceequation,theEliassen-Palm(EP)flux,andthewaveenergyequationunderdiabaticheating.ThestudyaimstofindthedynamicalcausesforRWAanomaliesalongtheWAJSandtoimprovetheunderstandingofmid-highlatitudecirculationanomalies.TheresultsshowthatthenegativevorticitysourceandthestrongEPfluxdivergenceovertheMediterraneanSeaandtheNorthAtlantic-ScandinavianPeninsulaareaactasthewavesourcesforRWAanomaliesalongtheWAJS.Whentheintensityandpositionofthewavesourcesareanomalous,theexcitedeastward-propagatingRWAalongtheWAJSalsobehavesanomalously.Instrong(weak)yearsofRWA,RossbywavesexcitedbythestrongdivergenceofEPfluxesovertheIceland-ScandinavianPeninsulaarea(easttotheScandinavianPeninsula)propagateeastwardandsoutheastward.Theeastwardpropagatingwavesbecomestrengthened(weakened)afterturningsoutheastwardneartheUralMountainsandthenenteringtheAsiansubtropicalwesterlyjetstream(ASWJS)overtheCaspianSea-AralSea-Xinjiang.Thesoutheastwardpropagatingwavesalsostrengthen(weaken)afterdirectlyenteringtheASWJSovertheeasternMediterranean-theBlackSea.Furthermore,thedivergenceofEPfluxesovertheMediterraneanalsostrengthens(weakens)inthestrong(weak)years,sotheyjointlybringaboutthestrong(weak)RWAalongtheWAJS.Finally,thepertur-bationavailablepotentialenergy(PAPE)alongtheWAJS(15°-60°E)producedbydiabaticheating,isfargreaterthantheconversionfromthekineticenergyofthebasicflowintotheperturbationkineticenergyandfromtheavailablepotentialenergyofthebasicflowintoPAPE.TheRWAalongtheWA

简介：ＡｎＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎｔｏｔｈｅＮｅｗＢｏｏｋ－ＧＥＯＳＴＲＯＰＨＩＣＷＡＶＥＣＩＲＣＵＬＡＴＩＯＮＳ￥Ｙｏｎｇ．Ｌ．ＭｃＨａｌｌＤｅｐｔ．ｏｆＥａｒｔｈ，ＡｔｍｏｓｐｈｅｒｉｃａｎｄＰｌａｎｅｔａｒｙＳｃｉｅｎｃｅｓ，ＭＩＴＰｕｂｌｉｓｈｅｄ...

简介：概括波浪活动密度，被定义为三维的涡度向量不安和一般潜在的温度不安的坡度的生产的绝对值，被介绍，它的波浪活动法律在笛卡儿的坐标被导出。在agoestrophic和nonhydrostatic构造了动态框架，概括波浪活动法律可能是适用的诊断导致重降雨的mesoscale天气系统。概括波浪活动密度和波浪活动流动分叉与客观分析数据被计算在重降雨的区域上调查波浪活动的字符。为与重降雨联系的骚乱负责的主要动态过程也被分析。概括波浪活动密度密切被相关到观察6-h，这被显示出积聚的降雨。这显示波浪活动或骚乱是明显的在上正面并且乍见陆地台风在中间、更低的对流层的重降雨的区域。为乍见陆地台风雨线，概括波浪活动流动分叉的部分，表示在基本状态的气旋的发行量之间的相互作用乍见陆地，台风和mesoscale飘动，是为概括波浪活动的进化负责的主要动态过程密度。

简介：Inthestratifiedatmosphereinwhichthemomentnondivergentapproximationwasapplied,introducingthenonlineartermbecauseofthenonhomogcneousspatialdistributionofdensityandassumingthesolutiontobeoftheformofprogressivewave,weobtainatwo-ordernonlinearsystem.Bymeansofthissystem,allresultswhichwerederivedbyLiuetal.(1984)wereobtained.Moreover,itcanbeprovedthatthereexistedperiodicsolutioninthenonlinearsystemswhenthereexistedperiodicsolutionintheone-orderapproxima-tionsystem,andsomemathematicproblemsarisingfromseriesexpansionwereavoided.Inthispaper,aseriesofapproximatesolutionsofnonlinearsystemisalsodiscussed.

简介：ElNi的影响?在热带太平洋上的对流地联合的凯尔文波浪上的o南部的摆动(ENSO)被在东方太平洋(EP)ElNi比较绝对温标波浪活动调查?o，中央太平洋(CP)ElNi?o，并且LaNi?一年，分别地到30年(19822011)意味着统计。在这研究的对流地联合的凯尔文波浪被过滤的225天的通带的实验直角的功能(文件结束)的二个领先的模式代表每天出去的longwave放射(OLR)与3或4的估计的带的wavenumber，8天的时期，并且东方宣传17ms1的速度。在绝对温标波浪活动的ENSO的最重要的影响在EPElNi期间是绝对温标波浪的增强?os。LaNi的影响?一上绝对温标波浪紧张的减小相对更弱，反映热带深传送对流和联系凯尔文的非线性响应ENSO海表面温度(SST)飘动异例。CPElNi的影响?绝对温标波浪上的o由于相对更弱的SST异例和更小的空间范围是不太重要的。ENSO可以也改变绝对温标波浪的频率，波长，和阶段速度。这研究证明低频率的ENSOSST异例调制高周波的热带骚乱，天气气候连接的一个例子。

简介：在大气的低频率的波浪上的海洋的强迫的效果(LFW为短)在海洋和空气分别地作为一个独立系统被拿的地方，在热带被分析。在这里，海洋的效果作为蒸发风反馈是parameterized(EWF为短)并且SST强迫。在EWF的调整下面，没有EWF，从那SST戏强迫一个不同角色因此LFW是diabatic飘动，由多重因素的相互作用强迫了，在热带。关键词大气的LFW-海洋的强迫-EWF-放射的冷却-SST这份报纸被鈥?首先支持海洋的科学，州的海洋的管理，地球物理的液体动力学的国家重点实验室和数字建模鈥的研究所？

简介：这研究在由使用实验直角的功能(文件结束)发生在东方亚洲夏天的500hPa检验波浪火车分析作为一个诊断工具，结果如下被总结:(1)从鄂霍次克海的海的在上游的区域发源到副热带的区域的一个波浪火车模式(OKJ模式)能在早、中间的summer.TheOKJ显示它的强壮的信号模式清楚地在欧亚大陆在第一个文件结束部件被认出(2)从Phi发源的另外的波浪火车模式

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简介：

简介：根据学习波浪包裹繁殖，这份报纸调查了在高频率波浪包裹繁殖和短暂波浪的发展或副热带的高度的纬度的运动之间的关系。结果证明在冬季期间，波浪包裹的一生为有2-10ms-1的宣传速度的7-10天更长、通常坚持。通常，他们宣传了在开始向东南，然后转到东北。在夏天期间，波浪包裹的一生和紧张变得更短、更弱。它有利马槽的开发(变细)当强壮的波浪包裹中心被加强时(变弱)它与马槽重叠了。如果强壮的波浪包裹中心不停地与山脉重叠，山脉以后将在一些天内减退。向北方的明显的跳(撤退向南方)西方的和平的副热带的高度(WPSH)的过程是(不)通常与在华南海区域(南亚区域和适度的地区)定位5天的强壮的波浪包裹中心有关或更长。在二个季节的跳过程以后，正在坚持强壮的波浪包裹中心5天或更长。WPSH撤退过程象台风，和坚持5天的所有这些中心的强壮的波浪包裹中心一样也与在南方亚洲人区域和适度的区域上的强壮的波浪包裹中心的活动有关或更长。[出版摘要]

简介：BasedonMM5,POM,andWW3,aregionalatmosphere-ocean-wavecoupledsystemisdevelopedinthisworkundertheenvironmentofMessagePassingInterface.ThecoupledsystemisappliedinastudyoftwotyphoonprocessesintheSouthChinaSea(SCS).Theresultsshowthatthecoupledmodeloperatessteadilyandefficientlyandexhibitsgoodcapabilityinsimulatingtyphoonprocesses.Itimprovesthesimulationaccuracyofthetrackandintensityofthetyphoon.Theresponseofoceansurfacetothetyphoonisremarkable,especiallyontherightsideofthetyphoontrack.Theseasurfacetemperature(SST)declines,andtheoceancurrentandwaveheightareintensified.Inthecouplingexperiment,thedeclineofSSTintensifiesandtheinertialoscillationamplitudeoftheoceancurrentincreaseswhentheocean-waveeffectisconsidered.Therefore,theatmosphere-ocean-wavecoupledsystemcanhelpinthestudyofair-seainteractionandimprovethecapabilityofpredictingandpreventingweatherandoceanicdisastersinSCS.

简介：Aglobalcoupledair-seamodelofshallowwaterwaveisdevelopedbasedoncoupledocean-atmospheredynamics.Thecouplingisrealizedthroughtheair-seainteractionprocessthattheatmosphereactsontheoceanbywindstressandtheoceanactsontheatmospherewithheatingproportionaltoseasurfacetemperature(SST)anomaly.Theequationisharotropicprimitiveone.ResponseexperimentsofcouplingsystemarealsocarriedoutSSTAintwocategoriesofintensities.ComparedwiththeresultsofAGCMsimulationex-perimentinwhichonlythedynamicchangeofairsystemisconsidered,itdemonstratesthattheair-seainteractionbetweenthetropicaloceanandtheglobalatmosphereplaysaveryimportantroleintheevolutionofclimatesystem.Theresultsofnumericalsimulationshowthatitisencouraging.

简介：Inthispaper,theconceptofstationary-wavenonstationarityispresentedandelucidatedintheframeworkoftheLorenzcirculationdecomposition.Thisconceptindicatestherelativemagnitudeofthezonalnonuniformabnormitytotheintensityofstationarywavesonthemonthlymeanscale.BasedontheLorenzcirculationdecomposition,thenonstationaritydegreeI_(us)(I_(us)~1)oftheglobal(local)stationarywavesisdefined,andthenusedtoanalyzethestationary-wavenonstationarityat30°-60°N,wheretheintensityofstationarywavesat500hPaintheNorthernHemisphere,asiswellknown,isveryhigh.Thefollowingfindingsareobtained:(1)Thereexistseasonalsouthwardandnorthwardmovementsinthepositionofthenonstationarityzonesoftheglobalstationarywaves.Thesteadystationarywavesoccurinmidlatitudes(35°-55°N)inwinterandinthesubtropicalregion(southof35°N)insummer,associatedwiththemajortroughsoverEastAsiaandNorthAmericaandtheweakEuropeantroughinwinter,andwiththerelativelysteadysubtropicalhighsysteminsummer.AhighvaluecenterofI_(us)isat35°Ninspringand50°Ninsummer,whichmightbecausedbytheseasonalvariationofstationary-waveintensity,particularlyinassociationwiththeinterannualvariabilityoftrough/ridgepositionsofstationarywavesonthemonthlymeanmaps.(2)ThereexistsobviousasymmetryinI_(us)~1,withthesteadyzonesalwayslocatedintheareascontrolledbystrongtroughs/ridgesandtheunsteadyonesintheareaswherethestationary-waveintensityislow.TheI_(us)~1inthesubtropics(southof35°N)islargerinwinterthaninsummer,andviceversainthemidlatituderegion(northof35°N).ThesummertimedistributionofI_(us)~1onthewholeshowsarathercomplicatedstructure.However,NorthEuropeisthemostunsteadyareaforlocalstationarywaves,asrepresentedbyhighvaluesofI_(us)~1inbothsummerandwinter,whileovertheNorthAmericancontinent(about120°E-60°W),theI_(us)~1isslightlylessthan1

简介：Long-termintegrationsareconductedusingtheSpectralAtmosphericModel(referredtoasSAMIL),whichwasdevelopedintheLaboratoryforNumericalModelingforAtmosphericSciencesandGeophysicalFluidDynamics(LASG)intheInstituteofAtmosphericPhysics(IAP),withdifferentresolutionstoinves-tigatesensitivityoftheMadden-JulianOscillation(MJO)simulationstothemodel'sresolution(horizontalandvertical).Threeresolutionsofthemodel,R15L9,R42L9andR42L26,withidenticalphysicalprocesses,allproducedthebasicobservedfeaturesoftheMJO,includingthespatiotemporalspace-timespectraandeastwardpropagation.Nofundamentaldifferencesamongthesesimulationswerefound.ThisindicatesthatthemodelresolutionisnotadeterminingfactorforsimulatingtheMJO.Detaileddifferencesamongthesemodelingresultssuggest,however,thatmodelresolutioncansubstantiallyaffectthesimulatedMJOincertainaspects.Forinstance,atalowerhorizontalresolution,highfrequencydisturbanceswereweakerandthestructuresofthesimulatedMJOwerebetterdefinedtoacertainextent.AhigherverticalresolutionledtoamorerealisticspatiotemporalspectrumandspatialdistributionofMJOprecipitation.Meanwhile,increasingthemodel'sresolutionimprovedsimulationoftheclimatology.However,increasingtheresolutionshouldbebasedonimprovingthecumulusparameterizationscheme.

简介：Inthisstudyacoupledair-sea-wavemodelsystem,containingthemodelcomponentsofGRAPES-TCM,ECOM-siandWAVEWATCHIII,isestablishedbasedonanair-seacoupledmodel.Thechangesofwavestateandtheeffectsofseasprayarebothconsidered.Usingthecomplexair-sea-wavemodel,asetofidealizedsimulationswasappliedtoinvestigatetheeffectsofair-sea-waveinteractionintheupperocean.Resultsshowthatair-wavecouplingcanstrengthentropicalcycloneswhileair-seacouplingcanweakenthem;andair-sea-wavecouplingiscomparabletothatofair-seacoupling,astheintensityisalmostunchangedwiththewavemodelcoupledtotheair-seacoupledmodel.Themixingbyverticaladvectionisstrengthenedifthewaveeffectisconsidered,andcausesmuchmoreobviousseasurfacetemperature(SST)decreasesintheupperoceanintheair-seacoupledmodel.Air-wavecouplingstrengthenstheair-seaheatexchange,whilethethermodynamiccouplingbetweentheatmosphereandoceanweakenstheair-seaheatexchange:theair-sea-wavecouplingistheresultoftheirbalance.Thewavefielddistributioncharacteristicisdeterminedbythewindfield.Experimentsarealsoconductedtosimulateoceanresponsestodifferentmixedlayerdepths.Withincreasingdepthoftheinitialmixedlayer,thedecreaseofSSTweakens,butthetemperaturedecreaseofdeeperlayersisenhancedandthelossofheatintheupperoceanisincreased.Thesignificantwaveheightislargerwhentheinitialmixedlayerdepthincreases.

简介：一座大楼城市的流动上的密度的效果与RNGκ用一个CFD模型被调查-ɛ骚乱闭合计划。有不同的造的27个案例是密度参数(例如，大楼和街峡谷纵横比)数字地被模仿。当大楼的密度参数变化，不同流动政体出现。当街峡谷相对狭窄、高时，在垂直方向的二个相反旋转的旋涡被产生。沿着街的风速被大楼的长度主要影响。然而，以一座单个大楼的密度参数发现或概括街峡谷流动的特征是很困难的。这是因为复杂流动模式由于旋涡结构和旋涡数字的变化出现。平均卷的涡度大小是很好的指示物尽管有流动的强壮的相关性，在大楼的密度参数的变化上反映流动特征。平均卷的涡度大小是大楼的长度和街峡谷宽度的强壮的功能的多线性的回归表演。大楼的长度的增加减少街峡谷的涡度流动，当时，在街上，峡谷宽度增加的增加涡度。

简介：2004台风Aere的降水的结构的特征从测量国家航空学空间管理(NASA)的使命(TRMM)的热带降雨用高分辨率的数据被分析。台风的特征在它的发展的不同阶段变化，这被发现。分析降水分发的不对称的引起，从环境预言(NCEP)分析的国家中心的数据被用来计算水蒸汽流动向量的垂直积分。因为这个过程，结果显示出那，与成双台风的循环的唯一的现象一起，在东方台风的北方面的空气电流和它的南部的方面的西南的空气水流在搬运水起一个联合作用蒸汽。而且，它的运输效果在开发的不同阶段极大地变化，显示出为这台风进程的水来源的怪癖。由重降水和水蒸汽流动的一个最大值的区域描绘区域的台风传送对流的分布，以及在台风的发展的不同阶段的强壮的上升运动区域不同。水蒸汽流动和垂直运动的不一致的分发引起台风降水的不均匀的分发。

简介：BasedonChina’sobservationaldatain1951-1990,afterminimizingthepossiblebiasescausedbystationrelocationandurbanheatisland,thespatialandtemporaldistributionsoftrendsformaximumandminimumtemperaturesarestudied.Theresultsshowthatincreasingtrendsofmaximumtemperaturesareintheareaswestto95°E,andnorthtotheHuanghe(Yellow)River,whiledecreasingtrendsexistineasternChinasouthtotheYellowRiver.MinimumtemperaturesaregenerallyincreasingthroughoutChina,withdominantwarmingtrendsatthehigherlatitudes.Thisresultedinveryobviousdecreasingtrendsindiurnaltemperatureranges.Theperiodiccyclesareconsistentbetweenthemaximumandminimumtemperatures,butasymmetrictrendsareveryobvious.Thesignificantincreaseofminimum(nighttime)temperaturesreflectstheevidenceofenhancementofgreenhouseeffect.Furtheranalysisshowsthatthechangesofmaximumandminimumtemperaturesaremainlyrelatedtosunshinedurationandatmosphericwatervaporcontent.

简介：介绍了基于B／S结构的网上考试系统应用于气象部门的理论研究，并分析了系统总体结构，提供了一种应用SQL数据库以及ASP编程实现的网络考试系统，详细阐述了科目管理、随机生成试卷等模块的设计与实现，以及相关数据库表的结构。