简介：Thereactionofsillimanitewithaluminaattemperatures1650℃an1750℃hasbeeninvestigated.Theresultshaveshownthat,inthelaboratorytestconditions,thehigherthealuminacontent,thelowerwillbetheamountsofglass-phseofthefiredbodyandthehigherwillbetheformationofmullite.Inthepresenttests,however,thereactioninconcernhasnotbeencompleted,thereactioninconcernhasnotbeencompleted.Someuncombinedresidualaluminastillexistintheformofcorundum.

简介：Inertialconfinementfusiontargetsarecomplexsystemsdesignedtoallowfinecontroloftemperatureandpressureformakingprecisesphericalicelayersofhydrogenisotopesatcryogenictemperatures.Wediscussthevarioustechnicalconsiderationsforamaximumleakratebasedonheatloadconsiderations.Thismaximumflowrateturnsouttobe5×10~(-6)standardccpersecond,whichcanbecausedbyanorificelessthanhalfamicronindiameter.Thismakestheidentificationofthelocationandresolutionoftheleakasignificantchallenge.Toillustratethis,weshowcaseoneexampleofapeculiarfailuremodethatappearedsuddenlybutpersistedwherebytargetproductionyieldwasseverelylowered.Identificationoftheleaksourceandtherootcauserequiresverycarefulanalysisofmultiplethermomechanicalaspectstoensurethattheendsolutionisindeedtherightremedyandisrobust.

简介：Inthiswork,thefactorsandparametersofatestmethodonabrasionresistanceatelevatedtemperatureswerediscussedandresearched.Firstofall,theprecisiontestsofthetestmethodonabrasionresistanceatelevatedtemperatureswereconductedin8laboratories.Theresultssuchasthestandarddeviationandreproducibilityshowgoodrepeatabilityandreliability.Therelationshipbetweenthestabilityofrefractoryperformanceandthestandarddeviationoftheirwearvaluewasanalyzed.ThentheimpactoftheheattreatmentconditionofunshapedrefractoriesandoxidationofSiCsandasabrasiveonthelostvolumeofthetestedspecimenswasresearched.

简介：BasedonChina’sobservationaldatain1951-1990,afterminimizingthepossiblebiasescausedbystationrelocationandurbanheatisland,thespatialandtemporaldistributionsoftrendsformaximumandminimumtemperaturesarestudied.Theresultsshowthatincreasingtrendsofmaximumtemperaturesareintheareaswestto95°E,andnorthtotheHuanghe(Yellow)River,whiledecreasingtrendsexistineasternChinasouthtotheYellowRiver.MinimumtemperaturesaregenerallyincreasingthroughoutChina,withdominantwarmingtrendsatthehigherlatitudes.Thisresultedinveryobviousdecreasingtrendsindiurnaltemperatureranges.Theperiodiccyclesareconsistentbetweenthemaximumandminimumtemperatures,butasymmetrictrendsareveryobvious.Thesignificantincreaseofminimum(nighttime)temperaturesreflectstheevidenceofenhancementofgreenhouseeffect.Furtheranalysisshowsthatthechangesofmaximumandminimumtemperaturesaremainlyrelatedtosunshinedurationandatmosphericwatervaporcontent.

简介：Inthispaper,adesigntoestimateclimatenoiseofannualmeantemperaturehasbeenmadebymeansofthemini-muminterannualvarianceandeffectivelyindependentobservationsintimeseries.Byusingittheclimatenoisesofannu-almeansurfaceairtemperatureshavebeenestimatedbasedonthedatafrom1960to1991inthiscountry.Thelowval-uesofclimatenoisesofannualmeantemperaturesarefoundinthesoutheasternTibetPlateau,Yunnan,theSichuanBa-sinandsouthofthemiddleandlowerreachesoftheChangjiangRiverValley.ThehighvaluesareseeninthenorthwesternandnortheasternChinaandtherestoftheTibetPlateau.ArelativelylowvalueregionisinthesouthernXinjiang.

简介：CO2capturewithionicliquids（ILs）hasattractedmanyattentions,andmostworksfocusedonabsorptionabilityatambienttemperatures,whileseldomresearchwasconcernedatelevatedtemperatures.ThisnotonlylimitstheCO2absorptionapplicationatelevatedtemperature,butalsothedeterminationoftheoperationconditionoftheCO2desorptiongenerallyoccurringathighertemperature.ThisworkmainlyreportedCO2solubilitiesinILsatelevatedtemperaturesandrelatedpropertieswerealsoprovided.1-alkyl-3-methylimidazoliumbis（trifluoromethylsulfonyl）imide（[CnMIm][Tf2N]）ILswereselectedasphysicalabsorbentsforCO2captureinthisworkduetotheirrelativehigherCO2absorptioncapacitiesandgoodthermalstabilities.Thelong-termstabilitytestsshowedthat[CnMIm][Tf2N]isthermallystableat393.15Kforlongtime.CO2solubilitiesin[CnMIm][Tf2N]weresystematicallydeterminedattemperaturesfrom353.15Kto393.15K.ItdemonstratedthatCO2solubilityobviouslyincreaseswiththeincreaseofpressurewhileslightlydecreaseswithincreaseoftemperature.Asthelengthofalkylchainonthecationincreases,CO2solubilityinILsincreases.Additionally,thethermodynamicpropertiesincludingtheGibbsfreeenergy,enthalpy,andentropyofCO2werealsocalculated.

简介：Thedynamicviscoelasticpropertiesofbambooweretestedbydynamicmechanicsanalyzer(DMA),andthemeasurementsweredoneinthetemperaturerangeof40℃to300℃atfrequenciesof3Hz.Theresultsshowedthatwiththeincreaseofirradiationdose,thedecreaseofstoragemoduluswithincreasingtemperaturebecamemoredramatically.Thedecreaseextentofstoragemoduluswasthelowestfornon-irradiatedbamboo.Twomechanicalrelaxationprocesseswereobservedforallkindsofirradiatedbamboo.Thearelaxationprocessinlowertemperaturerangewasduetoglasstransitionofhemicelluloseandlogin,whiletheβrelaxationprocessoccurredinhighertemperaturerangewasbasedonglasstransitionofcellulose.Thelosspeakstrengthofαrelaxationprocesswentupastheirradiationdoseincrease,whilethelosspeakstrengthofβrelaxationprocessbecameupfirstandthendown,whichwascausedbythechemicalreactionofthechiefcompositionofbamboo.

简介：

简介：这份报纸论述有低引擎排水量的一台V6马达的主要部件的收缩怎么为在极端低温度下面的冷开始的阶段是坚定的。内燃机部件有复杂几何学并且获得热收缩在研究，使用有限元素分析的方法。热收缩的现象在极端低温度为冷开始的状况被学习，知道一台内燃机的冷开始的阶段是决定动人的旋转、翻译的部分穿生活的主要因素。检查清理的合适的选择是特别地重要的，作为它的不恰当的价值的使用导致引擎组部件的快速的操作破坏。为机轴轴承的热清理获得的结果算术地被建模，关系能被用于计算清理。数学模型为在不同软件工具中实现也是有用的。

简介：Tomaintaingashydratestability,low-temperaturedrillingfluidsandhighdrillingspeedsshouldbeusedwhiledrillingingashydrate-bearingsediments.Theeffectofthedrillingfluidondownholerocksurfacesatlowtemperaturesisveryimportanttoincreasethedrillingrate.Thispaperanalyzedtheactionmechanismofthedrillingfluidondownholerocksurfacesandestablishedacorrespondingevaluationmethod.Thesofteningeffectofsixsimulateddrillingfluidswith0.1wt.%offourcommonsurfactantsandtwocommonorganicsaltsonthedownholerocksurfacestrengthwasevaluatedexperimentallyusingtheestablishedmethodatlowtemperature.Theexperimentalresultsshowedthatthesurfactantsandorganicsaltsusedinthedrillingfluidsaidedinthereductionofthestrengthofthedownholerocksurface,andtheestablishedevaluationmethodwasabletoquantitativelyrevealthedifferenceinthesofteningeffectofthedifferentdrillingfluidsthroughcomparisonwithwater.Inparticular,themostcommonsurfactantthatisusedindrillingfluids,sodiumdodecylsulfate(SDS),hadaverygoodsofteningeffectwhiledrillingunderlow-temperatureconditions,whichcanbewidelyappliedduringdrillinginlow-temperatureformations,suchasnaturalgashydrate-bearingsediments,thedeepseafloorandpermafrost.

简介：Underanappliedvoltage,dielectricelastomers(DEs)produceanactuationstrainthatisnonlinear,partlybecauseofthematerialproperties.Inthisstudy,anexperimentalcharacterizationisconductedtoevaluatehowtheambienttemperatureandpre-stretchaffectedtheactuationperformance.ForDEswithapre-stretchof2×2,anincreaseoftemperaturefrom-10°to80°resultsinavariationintheactuationstrainofmorethan1700%.Lowpre-stretchedDEsaremoresusceptibletotemperaturechange;whilehighlypre-stretchedDEsarerelativelyinsensitivetotemperature,becauseinthiscasetheenergyconversionwasdominatedbymechanicalstretching,ratherthanthermalconduction,duringtheactuation.

简介：ThisstudyinvestigatedthelinkagebetweenwintertemperatureintheYellowSea(YS),China,andatmosphericindicesandestablishedthislinkagethroughstatisticalmodels.Thewatertemperaturewasobtainedthroughhindcastsimulationusingaglobal–regionalnestedoceanmodelfortheperiodof1958–2007.Theinterannualvariationsofthesimulatedtemperaturewerevalidatedusingsatelliteandin-situobservations.IntheYS,thewinterseasurfacetemperature(SST)hadobviousinterannualvariations,withthemaximumSSTexceeding2℃,andasignificantshiftfromthecoldtowarmphaseduring1988–1989.Basedonthemechanismstudy,statisticalmodelsforthevariationsofwatertemperatureintheYSwereestablishedusingsuitableatmosphericindicesaspredictors.ForthenorthernYS(NYS)andthecoastalregionofthesouthernYS(SYS),statisticalmodelsofSSTwereestablishedusinglinearregressionbasedontheDecember–January–FebruarymeanArcticoscillationindex(AOI),representingthedominantlarge-scaleatmosphericvariabilityinborealwinter.FortheYSwarmcurrent(YSWC)region,statisticalmodelswereestablishedusingboththeAOIandthefirstprincipalcomponentofthelocalwindstresscurl(PC1-Curl),derivedfromtheempiricalorthogonalfunctionsanalysis.ThePC1-Curlrepresentstheinfluenceofthelocalwindstresscurlonthewest-to-eastshiftsoftheYSWCpathway.TheapplicationsprovedthatthemodelspresentedinthisstudyhavetheabilitytoestimatewintertemperaturesintheYSwithintherecentyears.

简介：Here,wereportthesynthesisandcharacterizationsofsol—gelderivedzincoxide（ZnO）quantumdots（QDs）usingzincacetatedihydrate（Zn（CH3COO）2·2H20）andlithiumhydroxidemonohydrate（LiOH·H20）asrawmaterial.Theas-preparedZnOQDswasannealedatdifferenttemperature（400,700,and900℃）andthestructural,opticalpropertieswereinvestigatedbyX-raydiffraction（XRD）,highresolutiontransmissionelectronmicroscopy（HRTEM）,UV—Visandphotoluminescence（PL）spectroscopy.ThepowderXRDpatternsoftheobtainedsamplesshowedtheformationofsingle-phasewurtzitestructureandthemorphologicalchangeshavebeenobservedwithincreasingannealingtemperature.Intheabsorptionspectra,theopticalbandgapofnanocrystallineZnOQDsdecreasedfrom3.18to3.11eVandtheparticlesizeincreasedwithincreasingtemperature.InthePLspectra,abroadgreenemissionpeakrelatedtodefectlevelsinthevisiblerangeofthespectrahavebeenrecorded.

简介：在这个工作，低档铜硫化物矿被bioleaching过程用Acidithiobacillusferrooxidans的本国的文化对待。bioleaching实验在pH在饮料烧瓶被执行2.0，180r??4

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简介：MagnesiumalloyEZ10(Mg-RE-Zn)wasdeformedintensionattemperaturesfrom20upto520°C.Arapiddecreaseoftheyieldandtensilestrengthwithtemperaturewasobservedattemperatureshigherthan300°C.Ontheotherhand,ductilityofsamplesrapidlyincreasedinthesametemperaturerange.Lightmicroscopyandscanningelectronmicroscopywasusedtorevealthereasonforthesebehaviours.Intermetallicparticlesingrainboundariesareresponsibleforexcellentmechanicalpropertiesatlowertemperatures.Diffusionalprocessesoccurringattemperatureshigherthan300°Csignificantlyinfluencedthedeformationmechanismaswellasthefracturecharacter.

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简介：TensileimpactexperimentsofEC8.0-24×7glassfiberbundlesatdifferentlowtempera-turesT（14℃,-40℃and-100℃）andstrainratesεwerecarriedout,andcompletestress-straincurveswereobtained.Withintherangeoftheexperimenttemperaturesandstrainrates,itisfoundthattheinitialmodulusE,theultimatestrengthσmaxandtheunstablestrainεboftheglassfiberbundlesallincreasewithatanidenticalT.Atanidenticalε,withthedecreaseofT,Eandσmaxincrease;butεbincreaseswhen14℃>T>-40℃anddecreaseswhen-40℃>T>-100℃.Thestrain-rate-andtemperature-depen-dentbimodalWeibullstatisticalconstitutivetheorywasadoptedforthestatisticalanalysisoftheexperimentalresults,andtheWeibullparametersofsinglefiberwereobtained.TheresultsshowthatthebimodalWeibulldistributionfunctionissuitabletorepresentthestrengthdistributionoftheglassfiberatlowtemperatureanddifferentstrainrates.ThedifferencesinthemechanicalpropertiesbetweenEC8.0-24×7andEC5.5-12×14glassfiberbundleswerealsodiscussed.

简介：Ｅｍｉｓｓｉｏｎ　Ｔｅｍｐｅｒａｔｕｒｅｓ　ｆｒｏｍ　Ｐｏｐｕｌａｔｉｏｎｓ　ｏｆ　Ｐａｒｔｉｃｌｅ　Ｕｎｓｔａｂｌｅ　Ｓｔａｔｅｓ　ａｓ　ａ　Ｆｕｎｃｔｉｏｎ　ｏｆ　Ｉｍｐａｃｔ　ＰａｒａｍｅｔｅｒＥｍｉｓｓｉｏｎＴｅｍｐｅｒａｔｕｒｅｓｆｒｏｍＰ...

简介：Thefailuremodeandadhesionofthermalbarriercoating(TBC)8YSZ(ZrO2+8%(w/w)Y2O3)depositedonNiCoCrAlTaYbondcoatbyatmosphericplasmasprayingwereinvestigated.Agroovedmodifiedthree-pointbendingspecimenthatcangenerateasingleinterfacecracktofacilitatethecontrolofcrackgrowthwasadoptedfortesting,whichwasconductedattheambienttemperatureof100°C.Themorphologyandcompositionoffracturedsurfaceswereexaminedbymeansofascanningelectronmicroscopy(SEM)andanenergydispersespectroscopy(EDS).ImagesandspectrumshowthatcracksareinitiatedandpropagatedexclusivelywithinYSZlayeradjacenttotop/bondcoatinterface.Theload-displacementcurvesobtainedexhibitsimilarshapesthatindicatetwodistinctstagesincrackinitiationandstablecrackgrowth.FiniteelementanalyseswereperformedtoextracttheadhesionstrengthoftheTBCs.Thedelaminationtoughnessoftheplasma-sprayed8YSZcoatingsat100°C,intermsofcriticalstrainenergyreleaserateGc,canbereliablyobtainedfromananalyticalsolution.