简介:Basedonananalysisofthemisunderstandingsandproblemsconcerningwindpowerdevelopment,thispapersummarizestheexperiencesofthecoordinateddevelopmentofwindpowerandpowergridsinforeigncountries,andproposesprinciplesandstrategiesforthecoordinateddevelopmentofwindpowerandpowergrids,andrelatedmeasuresandsuggestionsforlargescaledevelopmentofwindpowerinChina.
简介:Thispaperproposesahybriddecoupledpowerflowmethodforbalancedpowerdistributionsystemswithdistributedgenerationsources.Themethodformulatesthepowerflowequationsinactivepowerandreactivepowerdecoupledformwithpolarcoordinates.Second-ordertermsareincludedintheactivepowermismatchiteration,andconstantJacobianandHessianmatricesareused.Ahybriddirectandindirectsolutiontechniqueisusedtoachieveefficiencyandrobustnessofthealgorithm.Activepowercorrectionissolvedbymeansofasparselowertriangularanduppertriangular(LU)decompositionalgorithmwithpartialpivoting,andthereactivepowercorrectionissolvedbymeansofrestartedgeneralizedminimalresidualalgorithmwithanincompleteLUpre-conditioner.Typicaldistributiongenerationmodelsanddistributionloadmodelsareincluded.Theimpactofzero-impedancebranchesisexplicitlymodeledthroughreconfiguringoftheadjacentbrancheswithimpedances.Numericalexamplesonasampledistributionsystemwithwidespreadphotovoltaicinstallationsaregiventodemonstratetheeffectivenessoftheproposedmethod.
简介:Astheopeningyearofthe'TwelfthFive-YearPlan,'drivenbythesteadyandfasteconomicgrowth,theyearof2011sawChina'srisingdemandforelectricity,resultinginregionalpowershortages.Subjectedtomultiplefactorssuchastheweatherconditions,thecontradictionsbetweencoalsupplyandpowergenerationandthestructuralproblemsinthepowersystem,powersupplyshortageacrossthenationbecameincreasinglycritical.Atthesametime,theNortheastandNorthwestChina,plusInnerMongolia,oftenexperiencedpowergenerationsurplusanddifficultiesinsendingpowertootherregions.Thispaperreviewstheoverallsituationofthenationalelectricpowersupplyin2011,elaboratesonthecurrentcontradictionsinthepowerdemandandsupplyandpresentsanin-depthanalysisofcausesandcorrespondingcountermeasures.
简介:ThroughtheanalysisonChina'seconomicdevelopment,utilizationofresourceenvironmentandsoftpower,abasicjudgmentwasmadeoftheinfluenceof'Chinadevelopment'.TheoverallinfluentialpowerofChinadevelopmentoninternationalcommunitywasmisunderstood.Whatweseeistheroleof'ChinaFactor'indifferentfields.Intheprocessofeconomicglobalization,whateconomicsystemofcapitalistmarkethasseenis'China'scheaplabor','China'slooseeconomicsystemenvironment','earlierabuseofunlimitedresourceenvironment','China'sbroadconsumptionmarket'and'demographicdividend'.InglobalorAsianfinancialcrisis,whatothercountriesvaluedwasChina's'foreigncurrency'accumulatedovertheyears.Inglobalgovernanceorcrisismanagement,whatinternationalcommunityexpectedwas'China'sobligationsandresponsibilities'withouttherightofspeech,etc..Allthesearethe'passive'rolesproducedby'asinglefactor'indefinitefields.TheactiveandinitiativeroleChinawillplayininternationalcommunitystillneedstimeandthecontinuouseffortsofseveralgenerations.Chinaoncewasabigcountrythathadsignificantinfluentialpowerontheworld,andChina'srenaissanceisanormalprocessofdevelopmentofthings.WhatexcessivetalksaboutitsinfluentialpowerreflectmaybethelackofChina'sinfluence.
简介:Fourpowerstationprojectsworth10.37billionYuan($1.66billion)wereapprovedonNovember12byChina'sNationalDevelopmentandReformCommission(NDRC).Thepowerstationswereapprovedmainlyforenergyconservationandemissionsreduction,whilethesteelplantwasrelocatedtoprotecttheenvironment.Thefourprojectscomprisetwo300MW
简介:China'spowerconsumptionisexpectedtorise4percentto6percentyear-on-yearinthefourthquarterasthecountry'seconomyisstabilizing.Thatwillbringelectricityconsumptionintheentireyearto4.94TWh,up5percentfromayearearlier,theChinaElectricityCouncilsaidonOctober30.AccordingtoCEC,thecountry'stotalinstalledpowergenerationcapacitywillhit1.14TWhattheendofthisyear.Powerdemandandsupplywillbebalancedbecausethereare
简介:Sincetheverypurposeofastatethatgainspoweristomaintainsocialorderandincreasepeople'sinterests,thestateisentitledtometeoutpunishmentforanyviolationsofpublicorderoranyoffensestothecommunity.Thisistheminimumobligationofastatetoprotectitspeople.Fromtheperspectiveoftheoperationofstatepower,adespoticstatetakesexecutivepowerasitscore.Executivepowerisnotonlythepowerthatkick-starts,butalsothepowerthathasthefinalsay.Sinceparliamentary
简介:China'selectricityconsumptiongrowthwillslowin2012,astheworld'ssecond-largesteconomyisexpectedtodeceleratethisyearamiduncertaintyinEuropeandotherdevelopedeconomies,accordingtoareportbytheChinaElectricityCouncil(CEC).TheCECpre-dicatedthatthetotalelectricityconsumptioninChinaisexpectedtotop5140TWhthisyear,withthegrowthrateslowingfrom11.7percentin2011tobetween8.5and10.5percent.
简介:TheauthorsmainlyconcernthesetUfofc∈Csuchthatthepowerdeformationzf(z)/zcisunivalentintheunitdisk|z|<1foragivenanalyticunivalentfunctionf(z)=z+a2z2+···intheunitdisk.ItisshownthatUfisacompact,polynomiallyconvexsubsetofthecomplexplaneCunlessfistheidentityfunction.Inparticular,theinteriorofUfissimplyconnected.Thisfactenablesustoapplyvariousversionsoftheλ-lemmafortheholomorphicfamilyzf(z)/zcofinjectionsparametrizedovertheinteriorofUf.ThenecessaryorsufficientconditionsforUftocontain0or1asaninteriorpointarealsogiven.
简介:As"congestioncosts"ofcoaltransportationarefairlyhigh,asoundcomparisonofeconomicefficiencybetweencoaltransportationandpowertransmissionshouldtake"congestioncosts"ofcoaltransportationintoaccount.Otherwise,itcannottrulyreflectpowertransmission’sefficiencyadvantage.Inadditiontoraisingrailwaycapacity,theChinesegovernmentshouldalsoincreasepowertransmissiontorelievethetransportationpressureonrailwaytocutdown"congestioncosts."