简介：一个水耕法的文化实验被做在谷胱甘肽内容(GSH)和谷胱甘肽S-transferase上调查Cd应力的效果(GST，EC2.5.1.18)在稻秧的活动。当在答案的Cd水平比10mg/L高时，米饭生长严重地被禁止。在米饭射击，，GSH内容和GST活动在根与增加的Cd水平增加了，GST被Cd处理显然禁止。与射击相比，米饭根有更高的GSH内容和GST活动，显示Cd解毒的能力在比在射击的根是高得多的。在Cd水平和GSH内容或GST活动之间有重要关联，建议两个参数可以被用作在米饭的Cd应力的简历标记。

简介：Chlorpyrifos(CPF)是用途广泛的organophosphate杀虫药剂。在昆虫的谷胱甘肽S-transferases(GST)是detoxification酶的一个家庭，他们在CPFdetoxification起关键作用。Spodopteralitura是在在世界上的热带、副热带的区域的最破坏的农业害虫之一。在这研究，从在S的gsts的46个唯一的抄本的37Slgsts。包括八以前报导的GST，lituratranscriptome数据被识别并且他们的表达式模式在易受影响并且12-generation-CPF-treated紧张被分析在CPF忍耐的尚不致命的剂量理解这些Slgsts的角色。结果显示S的成员。lituraGST总科能被区分进三个主要的组：包括六cytosolicSlgsts(SlGSTe1，SlGSTe3，SlGSTe10，SlGSTe15，SlGSTo2和SlGSTs5)和二microsomalSlgsts(SlMGST1-2和SlMGST1-3)，一个组为在12-generation-treated和易受影响的紧张感应的CPF直接负责；第二组织，包括三cytosolicSlgsts(SlGSTe13，SlGSTt1和SlGSTz1)和一microsomalSlgst(SlMGST1-1)，仅仅在12-generation-treated紧张被导致；第三组织，包括八cytosolicSlgsts(二epsilon，三个三角洲，一终止，一个希腊语的第六个字母和一未分类的Slgst)，比在易受影响的紧张在12-generation-treated紧张更高是表示1.52-5.15-fold。

简介：AIMHumanglutathioneS-transferaseA1(GSTA1)isanimportantphaseⅡmetabolizingenzymeinvolvedinthemetabolismofmanytherapeuticdrugsandisresponsibleforthemetabolicdetoxificationofnumerouspromutagensandprocarcinogens.ThegeneticpolymorphismofGSTA1hasimportantimplicationsfordrugefficacyandcancersusceptibility.Inthisstudy,wedeterminedthedistributionofGSTA1geneticpolymorphisminMainlandChinese.Andwealsoinvestigatedwhetherthereexiststhepotentialphenotypealterationscausedbythegeneticpolymorphisminhuman.METHODSGenomicDNAwasex-tractedfromperipheralbloodof140Chinesepeopleand16livertissuesobtainedfromnon-liverishpatientswhounderwentpartialhepatectomy.AndthenthegenotypesofhumanGSTA1genewereanalyzedbypolymerasechainreaction-restrictedfragmentlengthpolymorphism(PCR-RFLP).

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简介：ObjectiveToinvestigatethehypermethylationstatusofglutathionetransferaseP1(GSTP1)andE-cadherin(ECAD),TSGs(tumorsuppressorgenes)inourbreastcancersamplesandexploretheircorrelationwithclinicopathologicalfeaturesofcorrespondingcancerpatients.MethodsOnehundredandthirty-sixIDC(invasiveductalcarcinoma)patientswererecruitedforanalysisand16fibroadenomapatientsactedascontrol.DNAextractionandmethylation-specificPCR(MSP)weresubsequentlyperformedprecededbypathologicalexamination.ResultsThepercentageofhypermethylatedGSTP1incarcinomaandfibroadenomagroupswas34.92%and15.79%respectivelyandthepercentageofhypermethylatedECADincarcinomasandfibroadenomaswas18.00%and0.00%respectively.Carcinomahadthehighestpercentageofc-erbB2overexpressionbeing54.55%amongtheclinicopathologicalparameters.ConclusionHypermethylationpatternsarefrequentinIDCandseemtorelatetoc-erbB2overexpression,andsuchepigeneticchangeshouldnotbeneglectedinfibroadenoma.Tumormethylationstatusincancerpatientscanbedeterminedatearlystageanditmaybeareferenceforbettertreatmentplanning.

简介：Afacileone-potsynthesisofα-cyclodextrin-basedpolyrotaxane(PR)inaqueoussolutionisreported,wherethepeptideglutathionewasusedastheend-cappingagentandthethiol-eneMichaeladditionwasusedastheend-cappingreaction.Bothpolyrotaxaneswithlowthreadingratioandhighthreadingratioweresuccessfullyobtained.Incontrasttotheconventionallyusedmultiple-stepsynthesismethodsandhydrophobicendcappers,thisone-potaqueoussynthesisaswellasthebiocompatibilityoftheend-cappingagentcouldresultinamuchmorebiocompatiblePRtobeusedasbiomaterials.

简介：AIM:Toelucidatethemechanism(s)bywhichS-adenosyl-L-methionine(SAM)decreaseshepatitisCvirus(HCV)expression.METHODS:WeexaminedtheeffectsofSAMonviralexpressionusinganHCVsubgenomicrepliconcellculturesystem.Huh7HCV-repliconcellsweretreatedwith1mmol/LSAMfordifferenttimes(24-72h),thentotalRNAandproteinswereisolated.cDNAwassynthesizedandrealtime-PCRwasachievedtoquantifyHCV-RNA,superoxidedismutase1and2(SOD-1,SOD-2)catalase,thioredoxin1,methionineadenosyltransferase1Aand2A(MAT1A,MAT2A)expression,andGAPDHandRPS18asendogenousgenes.Expressionofcellularandviralproteinwasevaluatedbywestern-blotanalysisusingantibodiesvsHCV-NS5A,SOD-1,SOD-2,catalase,thioredoxin-1,MAT1A,MAT2A,GAPDHandactin.TotalglutathionelevelsweremeasuredatdifferenttimesbyEllman’srecyclingmethod(0-24h).Reactiveoxidativespecies(ROS)levelswerequantifiedbythedichlorofluoresceinassay(0-48h);Pyrrolidindithiocarbamate(PDTC)wastestedasanantioxidantcontrolandH2O2asapositiveoxidantagent.RESULTS:SAMexpositiondecreasedHCV-RNAlevels50%-70%comparedtonon-treatedcontrols(24-72h).SAMinducedasynergicantiviraleffectwithstandardIFNtreatmentbutitwasindependentofIFNsignaling.Inaddition,1mmol/LSAMexpositiondidnotmodifyviralRNAstability,butitneedscellulartranslationmachineryinordertodecreaseHCVexpression.TotalglutathionelevelsincreaseduponSAMtreatmentinHCV-repliconcells.Transcriptionalantioxidantenzymeexpression(SOD-1,SOD-2andthioredoxin-1)wasincreasedatdifferenttimesbutinterestingly,therewasnosignificantchangeinROSlevelsuponSAMtreatment,contrarytowhatwasdetectedwithPDTCtreatment,whereanaverage40%reductionwasobservedinexposedcells.TherewasaturnoverfromMAT1A/MAT2A,sinceMAT1Aexpressionwasincreased(2.5fold-timesat48h)andMAT2Awasdiminished(from24h)uponSAMtreatmentatboththetranscriptionalandtranslationall

简介：BACKGROUND:Oxidativestressplaysanimportantroleinthepathophysiologyofepilepsy.Glutathione,knownasoneofthecompoundsofantioxidantdefense,hasbeenshowntoinhibitconvulsions.Nitricoxidehasaproconvulsanteffectonapentylenetetrazole-inducedanimalmodel.OBJECTIVE:Toevaluatetheeffectsofglutathioneadministrationonnitricoxidelevelsinbrainregionsofconvulsiveandkindlingpentylenetetrazole-inducedseizuremodels.DESIGN,TIME,ANDSETTING:Arandomized,controlled,animalexperiment.ThestudywasperformedattheDepartmentofPhysiology,GaziantepUniversityandDepartmentofChemistry-Biochemistry,KahramamarasSutcuImamUniversityin2006.MATERIALS:PentylenetetrazoleandglutathionewerepurchasedfromSigma,USA.METHODS:Atotalof80micewereassignedto8groups(n=10):normalcontrol,salinecontrol(1mLnormalsaline),convulsivepentylenetetrazole(singleintraperitonealadministrationofpentylenetetrazole,60mg/kg),convulsivepentylenetrazoleplusglutathione(singleadministrationof60mg/kgpentylenetetrazoleand200mg/kgglutathione),five-doseglutathione(intraperitonealinjectionof200mg/kgglutathionerespectivelyat1,3,5,7,and10days),single-doseglutathione(singleadministrationof200mg/kgglutathione),pentylenetetrazolekindling(intraperitonealadministrationofpentylenetetrazoleof40mg/kgat1,3,5,7,and10days),andpentylenetetrazolekindlingplusglutathionegroup(intraperitonealinjectionof40mg/kgpentylenetetrazoleand200mg/kgglutathionerespectivelyat1,3,5,7,and10days).MAINOUTCOMEMEASURES:Allmiceweresacrificed1hourafterthelastadministration.Brainnitricoxidelevelsweredeterminedbyspectrophotometry.RESULTS:Therewerenosignificantdifferencesinnitricoxidelevelsbetweenthenormalcontrol,salinecontrol,five-doseglutathione,andsingle-doseglutathionegroups(P>0.05).Nitricoxidelevelsinthecerebralhemisphereandcerebellumweresignificantlylessintheconvulsivepentylenetetrazolegroup,comparedwiththeconvu

简介：米饭镉(Cd)敏感变异的cadB-1用Agrobacteriumtumefaciens被获得调停的系统。在cadB-1和野类型(WT)的暴露以后米饭幼苗到为有增加外部Cd集中的cadB-1和WT的10d，在根积累到高水平的Cd，茎和叶子的Cd集中的一个范围，并且在cadB-1的幼苗生长的抑制比在WT更严肃。氢过氧化物累积在cadB-1的叶子和根是更高的。减少的谷胱甘肽(GSH)的比率/oxidized谷胱甘肽(GSSG)，ascorbate(ASC)/dehydroascorbate(DHA)和减少的菸碱腺嘌dinucleotide磷酸盐(NADPH)/oxidized菸碱腺嘌dinucleotide磷酸盐(NADP+)在高Cd层次下面在叶子和根两个都比在WT在cadB-1是更低的。ascorbateperoxidase(APX)的活动，谷胱甘肽peroxidase(GR)，dehydroascorbatereductase(DHAR)和monodehydroascorbatereductase(MDHAR)在Cd的高水平的处理下面在叶子和根两个都比在WT在cadB-1是也更低的。我们的结果建议在Cd应力下面，ASC-GSH周期更严重比在WT在cadB-1被禁止，显示变异的cadB-1不太能清除反应的氧种类并且对Cd敏感。

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简介：在住在的昆虫的身体的谷胱甘肽依赖者酶的谷胱甘肽内容和活动弄脏区域取决于毒素类型，集中和暴露时间。酶的反应可以被营养的性，年龄，发展阶段和状态修改。另外，到在环境的金属的长期的暴露可以引起对一些环境毒素抵抗的个人的选择。估计Chorthippusbrunneus的改编的度到弄脏金属的产地，我们在在他们的产地使及时不同的母亲和暴露的紧张变老到金属的后代测量了谷胱甘肽内容和选择谷胱甘肽依赖者酶的活动。我们测试了差别是否表示在忍耐的时间的移动变化或被未来代遗传上保存并且继承。我们从三张人口调查了昆虫。二住在重重地麻烦金属的区域，为170暴露了到金属(Szopienice)或50年(Olkusz)和第三个居民一个未受污染的参考地点(Pilica)。最重要的调查结果是为所有生物化学的分析的age-by-site相互作用。从Szopienice的美女从参考地点与美女比较有更低的谷胱甘肽内容和更低的谷胱甘肽依赖者酶活动。这在从年轻女性生的鸡蛋孵的美女是特别不同的。以谷胱甘肽内容和谷胱甘肽reductase活动，从Olkusz使女性变老的后代从参考地点揭示了类似的模式到那些。为留下的参数，在从Olkusz的美女的酶活动模式类似于从Szopienice的美女的那些。

简介：Toinvestigatethetreatmenteffectof2-seleniumbridgedβ-cyclodextrin(2-SeCD),aGPXmimic,onthestrokeofstroke-pronespontaneouslyhypertensiverats(SHRSP),fifty-twoSHRSPof8-weekoldwererandomlydividedintofourgroupsA,B,CandcontrolgroupD.TheratsofgroupsA,B,CandDweregiven1.0%-1.5%NaClmassfractionasdrinkingfluid.Afteronsetofstroke,groupsA,BandCweregivenorally16.05,160.5and1605mg*kg-1*day-1of2-SeCD,respectively,andgroupDwasgivenwaterfor2weeks.Theclinicalscoreofstroke,systolicbloodpressure(SBP),survivaltimeofratswererecordedandthehistopathologicexaminationsoftheirbrainandcarotidarteryweremadeafterdecapitation.Theclinicalscoresofstrokeaftertreatmentwith160.5mg*kg-1*day-1(GroupB)and1605mg*kg-1*day-1(GroupC)of2-SeCDare2.55±0.98and1.98±0.79,respectively,thoseareobviouslylowerthanthatofgroupD(3.41±0.83,p<0.01).ThesurvivaldaysingroupB(10.0±8.6)andgroupC(14.4±7.9)arelongerthanthatforgroupD(4.7±2.9,p<0.01).TheelectronmicroscopestudyshowedthattheendotheliumofcarotidarterywasneartonormalingroupBandgroupC,whileitwasseriouslyinjuredincontrolgroupDandmildlyinjuredingroupA.2-SeCDmayeffectivelybeusedtotreatthestrokeforSHRSP.

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简介：""Mensaytheyhatetoshop,""saysZhukin,CityUniversityofNewYorkSociology(社会学)professor.""Yetwhenyouaskthemdeeperquestions,itturnsoutthattheyliketoshop.Mengenerallyliketoshopforbooks,musicandhardware.Butifyouaskthemabouttheshoppingtheydoforbooksormusic,they'llsay,'Well,that'snotshopping.That'sresearch.'""

简介：Romanticismisanimportantstageintheevolutionofman’sself-consciousness.Itshowsnewinterestinandnewconcernwithmanandnature.Wordsworthiswell-knownasanaturepoet.Thethemeofhumanmindandnatureinhispoemshaslongattractedreaders’attention.However,hedoesnotindulgeinnatureitselfbuttakesitasconsolationandinspirationforhumankind.Inordertohighlightthepoet’sconcernwithhumanmind,thepresentpaperchoosestoexploreWordsworth’sconcernwithchildren’smind,basedontheanalysisofWordsworth’sThePreludeandmanyofhispoemsaboutchildren.

简介：过氧化氢酶(猫)和硒依赖者谷胱甘肽peroxidase(Se-GPx)在由消除H2O2。这篇论文的目的是响应低咸度应力在ridgetail白人对虾Exopalaemoncarinicauda评估这些抗氧化剂分子的角色。包含猫的完全的编码顺序的互补DNA(cDNA)用反向抄写的聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)和cDNA结束的快速的扩大从hepatopancreas被克隆。猫(2649bp)的全身的cDNA包含78bp的一个5-untranslated区域(UTR)，1017bp的3-UTR，与一poly(A)尾巴，并且开的读与58.46kDa的预言的分子的质量和6.64的估计的等电位的点编码517-amino-acid多肽的1554bp的框架。这个猫序列包含了近似活跃地点签名(60FDRERIPERVVHAKGAG76),近似heme-ligand签名顺序(350RLFSYPDTH358)和三催化氨基酸残余(他的71,Asn144和Tyr354)。顺序比较证明CAT推出了E的氨基酸顺序。carinicauda另外的种类与那些分享了身份的68%-92%。量的即时PCR分析表明猫mRNA广泛地在hepatopancreas被表示(最高)，血球，眼柄，心，鳃，肌肉，卵巢和胃。在低咸度应力下面，猫和GPxmRNA表示在分别地在开始的48h和6h显著地增加的鳃和hepatopancreas铺平两个，显示在E的织物依赖者和时间依赖者抗氧化剂回答。carinicauda。所有这些结果显示那E。carinicauda猫是CAT家庭的一个成员并且可能对低咸度应力涉及尖锐反应。

简介：Sinceancienttimes,asoneofthesymbolsofuglyanddirty,prostitutesareinvariablylivingintheblackmarginsofsociety.Facingprostitutes’miseries,peoplealwayscannotunderstandtheiremotions,mentalitiesanddesires,ortreatsthemasequals,particularlyaswomen.ProstitutesareaspecialgroupintheoppressedwomeninWesternsocieties.MargaretandNanaaretwotypicalimagesoftheminthehistoryofwesternliterature.Withtearsandlives,theydeducetheirmiserablelifestoriessimilarly.

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简介：<正>PeopleintheUnitedStateshonortheirparentswithtwospecialdays:Mother’sDay,onthesecond