简介:Inthispaper,2-isopropylnaphthalenehasbeensynthesizedbythereactionofnaphthaleneandisopropylbromide,usingtriethylaminehydrochloride-aluminumchlorideionicliquidasthecatalyst.Theeffectofthecatalystcomposition,thereactiontime,thereactiontemperature,theionicliquiddosage,aswellasthemolarratioofthereagentsonthe2-isopropylnaphthaleneyieldwassystematicallyinvestigated.Theoptimalreactionconditionscover:anAlCl3toEt3NHClratioof2.0,areactiontimeof3h,areactiontemperatureof15.0℃,avolumefractionofionicliquidtothemixture(isopropylbromide,n-dodecaneandn-hexane)of9%,andanaphthalene/isopropylbromidemolarratioof4.0.Undertheoptimalreactionconditions,theconversionofisopropylbromidereached98%andtheselectivityof2-isopropylnaphthalenewasequalto80%.ThetestresultsverifiedgoodcatalyticactivityuponusingEt3NHCl-AlCl3ionicliquidasthecatalystforalkylationofnaphthalenewithisopropylbromide.Theactivityoftheionicliquidremainsunchangedafterithasbeenrecycledfor4times.
简介:Alkylationoftoluenewith2-chloro-2-methylpropane(t-Bu-Cl)tosynthesizepara-tert-butyltoluene(PTBT)wascarriedoutinthepresenceoftriethylaminehydrochloride-aluminumchlorideionicliquidsusedasthecatalyst.TheionicliquidswerepreparedwithdifferentmolarratiosofEt3NHCltoAlCl3,andtheeffectofthemolarratiobetweenAlCl3andEt3NHCl,thereactiontime,thereactiontemperature,theionicliquiddosage,aswellasthemolarratiooftoluenetochloro-2-methylpropaneonthealkylationreactionoftoluenewithchloro-2-methyl-propanewasinvestigated.ThetestresultsshowedthattheacidicionicliquidspreparedwithEt3NHClandAlCl3hadgoodactivityandselectivityforthealkylationreactionoftoluenewithalkylchloridetoproducePTBT.TheoptimalreactionconditionswerespecifiedatanAlCl3toEt3NHClratioof1.6,areactiontemperatureof20℃,amassfractionoftoluenetoionicliquidof10%,andachloro-2-methylpropanetotoluenemolarratioof0.5.Underthesuitablereactionconditions,a98%conversionofchloro-2-methylpropaneandan82.5%selectivityofPTBTwereobtained.Ionicliquidscouldbereused5timeswithitscatalyticactivityunchanged,andtheregeneratedionicliquidscanberecycled.
简介:在中西诗学及思想的比较研究中,于连教授(巴黎第七大学东亚语言文化系主任、汉学家)一向主张“差异性比较”。他认为,由于中西方历史上的长期隔绝,以事实联系为依据的“影响比较”有着明显的局限性,又由于中西方思想背景乃至语言体系截然不同,并不存在现成可比的对应概念,以同类相比为原则的“平行比较”也就难免盲目和牵强。用中国诗学的某个概念去附会西方某个貌似相同的概念,或者干脆用西方的模式去筛选中国的东西,只会使中国诗学面目全非。因此,中西比较诗学的当务之急,不是比较,甚至不是翻译,而是阐释,即循着中国思想本来的逻辑对中国古典文论的基本范畴进行深入细致的解读(如“神”、“道”、“含蓄”、“形而上”,等等),理出它们的特殊内涵、意义网络及运行机制,然后再将阐释的结果同西方的诗学体系相对照,进行差异性比较。强调异国文化的特殊性有利于重新审视本国文化。于连教授从希腊哲学转而研究中国思想正是为了寻找一个反思西方传统的全新角度。汉学不只是“学问”,还可以成为从外部“解构”西方文化的有效途径。
简介:夜晚的湿雾滚过沙漠。清晨,仿佛外星人空降一样,长着红色尖喙的奇异生物爬满了整个沙漠。它们是什么?A.迁徙的蝴蝶B.奇花异草C.外星来客D.土著头饰答案B这是一种名叫'澳洲沙漠豆'的植物。它的花朵鲜艳夺目,黑黝黝的'大眼睛'点缀在红花中央,如同天外来客。'澳洲沙漠豆'原产于澳洲的干旱地区,是澳大利亚最知名的野花之一,具有极高的观赏价值。