简介：-Waverefraction-diffractionduetoalargeoceanstructureandtopographyinthepresenceofa’currentarestudiednumerically.Themathematicalmodelisthemild-slopeequationdevelopedbyKirby(1984).Thisequationissolvedusingafiniteandboundaryelementmethod.Thephysicaldomainisdevid-edintotworegions:aslowlyvaryingtopographyregionandaconstantwaterdepthregion.Forwavespropagatingintheconstantwaterdepthregion,withoutcurrentinterfering,themild-slopeequationisthenreducedtotheHelmholtzequationwhichissolvedbyboundaryelementmethod.Invaryingtopographyregion,thisequationwillbesolvedbyfiniteelementmethod.Conservationofmassandenergyfluxofthefluidbetweenthesetworegionsisrequiredforcompositionofthesetwonumericalmethods.Thenumericalschemeproposedhereiscapableofdealingwithwaterwaveproblemsofdifferentwaterdepthswiththemaincharactersofthesetwomethods.

简介：-Thispaperpresentsacalculationmethodforthediffractionofbothregularwavesandirregularwavesofthesingledirectionalfrequencyspectrumbehindasinglejettywithatheoreticalanalysis,whichhasbeenconfirmedthroughthemodelexperiments,derivesamethodofcomputingthediffractedirregularwavesbehindthesinglejettywiththetheoreticalanalysisonthebasisofcomputationofthefielddataandgivestheformulasandthefiguresofthecomputationofwavediffractionsbehindtheverticalwallormoundsinglejetties.

简介：Thecoefficientofdeffractionofregularwavesbehindthedoublejettyhasbeencomputedinthispaperatfirstbyusingthesingularitydistributionmethod.Themodeltestsconductedfordiffractionofirregularwaveswithaunidirectionalfrequencyspectrumhaveconfirmedgoodagreementbetweenthedatameasuredinexperimentsandtheresultscomputedbythesingularitydistributionmethodplusthelinearsuperpositionmethodfortheenergyofcomponentwavesinthedirectionalfrequencyspectra.Therefore,thistechniqueforcomponentwavesinthedirectionalspectrahasbeenfurtherusedtocomputediffractionofirregularwavesofmultidirection,includingtheemploymentofadirectionaldistributionfunctionofthecos2type,aswellastheBretschneider-Misuyannfrequencyspectrum.

简介：在光亢奋的透镜的Sub-diffraction-limit成像基于圆柱的元材料被学习。亢奋的透镜的一些参数例如散关系和成像的分叉角度，数字地与光线轨道方法和有效中等理论被分析。绝缘的常数上的成像性质的依赖被讨论。作为结果，0°分叉角度为最好的成像效果被获得。这个工作将对设计，结构制造和光亢奋的透镜的决定改进有用。

简介：Tosolvetheproblemonthemicrostructuralcharacterizationofmetallicsuperlattices,takingtheNiFe/Cusuperlatticesasexample,weshowthatthesturcturesofmetallicsuperlatticescanbecharacterizedexactlybycombininglow-angleX-raydiffractionwithhigh-angleX-raydiffraction.First,wedetermineexactlythetotalfilmthicknessbyastraightforwardandprecisemethodbasedonamodifiedBragglawfromthesubsidiarymaximaaroundthelow-angleX-raydiffractionpeak.Then.bycombiningwiththesimulationofhigh-angleX-raydiffraction.weobtainthesturcturalparameterssuchasthesuperlatticeperiod,thesublayerandbufferthickness,Thischaracterizationprocedureisalsoapplicabletoothertypesofmetallicsuperlattices.

简介：Ananalyticalsolutionispresentedfortheradiationandthediffractionofacylindricalbodywithamoonpoolfloatingonthesurfaceofwaterwithafinitedepth.Theexpressionsforthepotentialsareobtainedbythemethodofseparationofvariables,andtheunknowncoefficientsaredeterminedbytheboundaryconditionsandthematchingrequirementsontheinterface.Theeffectsofthemoonpoolonthehydrodynamiccharacteristicsofthebodyareinvestigated.Somepeaksareobservedonthecurvesoftheaddedmassanddampingcoefficients,correspondingtotheresonantfrequenciesofthemoonpool.Theinternalfreesurfacemoveslikeapistonatacertainlowresonantfrequency.

简介：ThisLetterproposesabrand-newfilamentdiametermeasurementmethodbasedonwhatiscalled'dualdiffraction,'inthatagratingisaddedbehindthefilamenttomakefulluseofitssubdivisionandamplificationcharacteristics.Highermeasurementaccuracyisachievedbythismethodcomparedwiththetraditionaldiffractionmethod.Toverifyitsaccuracy,threestandardfilamentswithnominalvaluesof100.2,120.1,and140.8μmaremeasuredbythedualdiffractionmethodandtraditionaldiffractionmethodunderthesameexperimentalconditions.Therelativemeasurementerrorsofthenewmethodarelessthan0.75%,anditsaveragerelativeerrorisreducedby56%comparedwiththetraditionaldiffractionmethod.

简介：ThestructuresofPb(ZrxTi1-x)O3/YBCOheterostructurewithdifferentthicknessofPZTsublayerwereinvestigated.Thelatticeparameter,cofYBCOlayerisobtainedtobec=11.686±0.001A.beingof0.2%largerthanthatofthebulkone.Thelatticeparameter,cofPZTlayerisc=4.116±0.001A,indicatingthatthecompositionofthesampleisPb(Zr0.48Ti0.52)O3.ThemisorientationsofYBCO/PZTsublayerswereobservedinthesamplesBandD.TheeffectofthecrystallinequalityoftheSTOsubstrateothequalityoftheYBCOandPZTepitaxialfllmswasdiscussed.

简介：SpectralandstructuralcharacteristicsofdistributedBraggreflector(DBR)invertical-cavitysurface-emittinglaserswerestudiedwithphotoluminescenceanddouble-crystalX-raydiffractionmeasurement.TheexpectedhighqualityepitaxialDBRstructurewasverified.IntheX-raydouble-crystalrockingcurvesofDBRthezeroth-orderpeak,thefirstandsecondordersatellitepeaksweremeasured.Splittingofdiffractionpeakappearedintherockingcurveswasanalyzed.Theeffectsofintroduceddeepenergylevelsonthestructuralperfectionandopticalpropertieswerediscussed.

简介：Twodifferentmethodsforincorporatingdiffractioneffectintowaveactionbalanceequationbasedcoastalspectralwavemodels,WABEDandSWAN,arediscussedandevaluatedwithrespecttotheirformulations,numericalimplementations,andmodelingcapabilities.Bothmodelswereruntosimulatethewavetransformationthroughagapbetweentwoinfinitelylongbreakwatersandthatacrossanellipticalshoalobservedinlaboratorystudies,withtheemphasislaidonthediffractioninducedbyeitherobstaclesorwaveamplitudevariations.CalculationsofWABEDwerecomparedwithSommerfeld'sanalyticalsolutions,experimentalobservationsandSWANsimulations.Itisshownthatbothmethodscanpredictreasonablywavediffractionforthetwocasesstudiedherein,andafairlybetterperformanceisprovidedbyWABEDforstrongerdiffractioncase.

简介：X光检查diffractometry被利用学习在3月18日在北京城市里在二灰尘暴风雨期间取样的inhalable粒子(PM10)和2008年5月21日的矿物学的特征。第一次，我们证实那稳定地在那里存在在空气的铵氯化物当温度是低的时。全部的硫酸盐粒子被相对湿度影响。硫酸盐的种类和集中首先减少了然后回来在每灰尘暴风雨底成长了。Koninckite，一种磷酸盐矿物质以前从来没作为微粒喷雾器报导，被识别。同时，我们的结果证明灰尘矿物质上的化学修正发生在长期的交通期间。在灰尘暴风雨的时期期间收集的PM10样品被象石英，illite/绿土，illite，绿泥石，长石和方解石那样的外壳的矿物质统治，并且在时间的正常时期比那在集中是尤其是更高的。在每灰尘改变的全部的硫酸盐，方解石和长石的数量下暴雨。它向后从24小时的isentropic被导出在春天2008的二个灰尘事件在不同来源发源的轨道。

简介：-Forthediscretizationofhigherorderelements,thispaperpresentsamodifiedintegraldomainmethodtoremovetheirregularfrequenciesinheritedintheintegralequationofwavediffractionandradiationfromasurface-piercingbody.Thesetofover-determinedlinearequationsobtainedfromthemethodismodifiedintoanormalsetoflinearequationsbysuperposingasetoflinearequationswithzerosolutions.Numericalexperimentshavealsobeencarriedouttofindtheoptimumchoiceofthesizeoftheauxiliarydomainandthediscretizationonit.

简介：这篇论文在poroelastic一半空间由一个2-D洞为飞机SV波浪的衍射论述一个间接边界集成方程方法。格林的功能压缩并且砍波浪来源基于Biot的理论被导出。散布波浪近用虚构波浪来源被构造到洞的边界，并且他们的大小被边界条件决定。精确性的确认旁边被执行：(1)检查边界的满足程度调节，(2)把一个single-phased盒子的堕落答案与著名答案作比较，并且(3)检验答案的数字稳定性。在在poroelastic一半空间的一个洞附近的飞机SV波浪的衍射的性质被数字例子调查。

简介：Thenovelfan-shapedself-scanningphotodiodearray(SSPA)hastheadvantagesofthehighsensitivitywithsmalldevicesizeandtheserialvideooutputmode.UsingnovelSSPAinsteadofthepotodiodearayofasemicircuarannulardetectorsinthelaserdiffractionparticlesizeanalyzer,thesecorrectnessoftheresultsareverifiedbyvariousparticlesamplesmeasuringandthepracticalrunningovertenthousandhoursinthedesuplhurationtower.

简介：Laguerre–Gaussianbeams,asaspecialmodelwithspiralphasestructure,havebeenintensivelyinvestigated.HolographicgratingmethodisaconvenientmethodofgeneratingLaguerre–Gaussianbeamsandmeasuringtheirorbitalangularmomenta.Butduetosomeinevitableadversefactorssuchaslateraldisplacement,angulardeflectionandellipticalincidentprofileofincidentbeam,thepracticaleffectivenessshouldbereevaluated.Thispaperisdevotedtothestudyontheinfluencesoftheabovementionedthreeadversefactorsontheholographicgratingmethod.Thecharacteristicsofthemodedecompositionofdiffractiveorderandtherelativepowersoftheorbitalangularmomentumeigen-statesarealsogiven.

简介：

简介：Spacesymmetryofprehnite,whichoccursincavitiesandveinswithinSkarnfromtheTieshanironmineraldeposit,Daye,Hubeiprovince,CentralChina,hasbeendeterminedusingselectedareaelectrondiffraction(SAED)andconvergent-beamelectrondiffraction(CBED)onthesubmicrometerscale.OurresultsconfirmthatthenaturalprehnitemayhavethestructurewithsymmetryPncm.Theunit-cellparametersofinvestigatedprehnite(a=0.458nm,b=0.555nm,andc=1.853nm)havebeencalculatedbyusingthemulticrystaldifiractionringsofgold,theinternalstandard.

简介：

简介：Itisimpossibletodirectlyanalyzethemicrostructureofspin-valvemultilayersbasedonNi,F,CuandMnbyaconventionalX-raydiffractiontechniquebecausethelatticeparameterandatomicsatteringfactorsofthemareveryclose.Tosolvethisproblem,weuseanx-rayanomalousdiffractiontechniquetocharacterizethemicrostructuresofthe[Ni80Fe20/Fe50Mn50]15and[Ni80Fe20/Cu]15superlatticesystems.Theresultsshowthatmorediffractionpeaksandhigherinternsityinthereflectivetyprofileareobservedwhentheincidentenergyisclosetotheabsorptionedgeofthelighterelement(Mn)in[Ni80Fe20/Fe50Mn50]15multilayersystemsandtotheabsorptionedgeoftheheavierelement(Cu)inthe[Ni80Fe20/Cu]15multilayersystems.Theinterfaceandperiodicstructureof[Ni80F20/Fe50Mn50]15aremoreperfectthanthatofthe[Ni80Fe20/Cu]15superlattices.Theaboveresultsaredisussedinthispaper.

简介：-Amild-slopeequationforcombinedrefractionanddiffractionofrandomwavesintheindependenttimecurrentisderivedusingKirbyequation(1984).Inthederivation,thefrequencyofrandomwavesisrepresentedbasedonthetimeseriesconcept,byatypicalfrequencyanditsdeviationpart.Numericalresults,comparedwiththoseoflaboratoryexperiments,demonstratethatnewsetofirregularmildslopeequationwithcurrentisofgoodadaptability.