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简介：AbstractChoosing a fetal growth standard or reference is crucial when defining normal and abnormal fetal growth. We reviewed the recently published standards and compared them with a customized fetal growth chart based on a nationwide population in China. There were substantial discrepancies in the fetal growth pattern, suggesting that these standards may not be applicable to Chinese fetuses. Developing a Chinese-specific standard may better meet our clinical requirements. We also discuss the steps to establish a Chinese fetal growth standard and the potential challenges, including regional disparities and accuracy of sonographic estimated fetal weight. Standardized ultrasound measurement protocol and the introduction of new ultrasonography technology may be helpful in developing a more precise standard than existing ones for the Chinese population.

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简介：摘要：本文基于奈达的功能对等理论对《黑暗之心》的两个中文译本进行对比研究，通过具体译例从词法、句法和语篇三个维度对两个译文进行比较鉴赏。

简介：AbstractMany female fertility preservation-related technologies have recently been developed in response to increasing demand for such treatments. To establish standard practices of female fertility preservation in China, the Chinese Maternal and Child Health Association Affiliated Fertility Preservation Professional Committee assembled specialists to construct a consensus, referring to the current clinical guidelines of some countries combined with clinical practice and expert opinions. The consensus includes two parts: (1) indications for female fertility preservation and related techniques, in which we sought to be inclusive regarding the indications for fertility preservation; and (2) practical guidance for the clinical application of the female fertility preservation technologies.

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简介：AbstractBackground:Few studies have assessed the relationship between multimorbidity patterns and mortality risk in the Chinese population. We aimed to identify multimorbidity patterns and examined the associations of multimorbidity patterns and the number of chronic diseases with the risk of mortality among Chinese middle-aged and older adults.Methods:We used data from the China Kadoorie Biobank and included 512,723 participants aged 30 to 79 years. Multimorbidity was defined as the presence of two or more of the 15 chronic diseases collected by self-report or physical examination at baseline. Multimorbidity patterns were identified using hierarchical cluster analysis. Cox regression was used to estimate the associations of multimorbidity patterns and the number of chronic diseases with all-cause and cause-specific mortality.Results:Overall, 15.8% of participants had multimorbidity. The prevalence of multimorbidity increased with age and was higher in urban than rural participants. Four multimorbidity patterns were identified, including cardiometabolic multimorbidity (diabetes, coronary heart disease, stroke, and hypertension), respiratory multimorbidity (tuberculosis, asthma, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease), gastrointestinal and hepatorenal multimorbidity (gallstone disease, chronic kidney disease, cirrhosis, peptic ulcer, and cancer), and mental and arthritis multimorbidity (neurasthenia, psychiatric disorder, and rheumatoid arthritis). During a median of 10.8 years of follow-up, 49,371 deaths occurred. Compared with participants without multimorbidity, cardiometabolic multimorbidity (hazard ratios [HR] = 2.20, 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 2.14-2.26) and respiratory multimorbidity (HR= 2.13, 95% CI:1.97-2.31) demonstrated relatively higher risks of mortality, followed by gastrointestinal and hepatorenal multimorbidity (HR= 1.33, 95% CI:1.22-1.46). The mortality risk increased by 36% (HR= 1.36, 95% CI: 1.35-1.37) with every additional disease.Conclusion:Cardiometabolic multimorbidity and respiratory multimorbidity posed the highest threat on mortality risk and deserved particular attention in Chinese adults.

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简介：AbstractFetal growth restriction (FGR) is a common complication of pregnancy associated with higher rates of perinatal mortality and morbidity, as well as a variety of long-term adverse outcomes. To standardize the clinical practice for the management of FGR in China, Fetal Medicine Subgroup, Chinese Society of Perinatal Medicine, Chinese Medical Association and Maternal-Fetal Medicine Committee, Chinese Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology,Chinese Medical Association organized an expert committee to provide official consensus-based recommendations on FGR. We evaluated the evidence provided by relevant high-quality literature, performed a three-round Delphi study and organized face-to-face meetings with experts from multidisciplinary backgrounds. The consensus includes the definition, prenatal screening, prevention, diagnosis, monitoring and management of FGR.

简介：AbstractPrimary palmar hyperhidrosis (PPH) is a pathologic condition of excessive sweating on hands that has adverse impacts on patients' social activity, professional life, and psychological state. Endoscopic thoracic sympathicotomy (ETS) is by far the treatment choice for PPH with the most stable and durable curative effects, but special attention should be given to the side effects of the surgery, especially compensatory hyperhidrosis (CH). This consensus is the second version of the Chinese Expert Consensus on the Surgical Treatment of PPH by the China Expert Committee on Palmar Hyperhidrosis (CECPH), which was published 10 years ago. This consensus emphasizes the need for special attention and careful assessment of the patients’ feelings, as well as their emotional and mental state, and emphasizes that distress due to palmar sweating and the desire for treatment are prerequisites for diagnosis. It also provides a more nuanced delineation of CH and reviews all new attempts to prevent and treat this side effect. New evidence of the epidemiology, pathogenesis of PPH, and indications for surgery were also assessed or recommended.

简介：AbstractBackground:Glomerular disease is the leading cause of chronic kidney disease globally. No scoping review reports have focused on China's spectrum of glomerular diseases in children. This study aimed to systematically identify and describe retrospective studies on pediatric glomerular disease based on available data on sex, age, study period, and region.Methods:Six databases were systematically searched for relevant studies from initiation to December 2021 in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Global Health Library, Wangfang Database, and CNKI.Results:Thirty-four studies were identified in the scoping review, including 40,430 patients with biopsy-proven diagnoses. The proportion of boys was significantly higher than that of girls. In this study, 28,280 (70%) cases were primary glomerular disease, 10,547 (26.1%) cases were diagnosed as secondary glomerular disease, and 1146 (2.8%) cases were hereditary glomerular disease. Minimal change disease is the most common glomerular disease among children in China, followed by mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis, IgA nephropathy, and purpura nephritis. We observed increments in glomerular diseases in periods 2 (2001–2010) and 3 (2011–2021). The proportion of major glomerular diseases varies significantly in the different regions of China.Conclusion:The spectrum of pediatric glomerular diseases varied across sex, age groups, study periods, and regions, and has changed considerably over the past 30 years.

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简介：AbstractObjective:The treatments and prognoses of high-risk and low-risk basal cell carcinomas are quite different. This study aimed to examine the dermoscopic features of basal cell carcinomas and assess the association between the features and basal cell carcinomas recurrence risks in a Chinese population.Methods:Patients with histopathologically confirmed basal cell carcinomas examined from March 2016 to April 2020 were enrolled. The dermoscopic features were evaluated, and the correlations between these features and the histological types and recurrence risks were assessed.Results:The study cohort comprised 119 Chinese patients with a total of 119 skin lesions. The most common dermoscopic feature of basal cell carcinomas was the absence of a pigment network (119/119, 100%), followed by shiny white streaks (105/119, 88.24%), blue-gray ovoid nests (99/119, 83.19%), multiple blue globules (78/119, 65.55%), and arborizing vessels (78/119, 65.55%); yellow-white structures were present in 29/119 lesions (24.37%). Leaf-like and spoke-wheel areas were significantly associated with superficial basal cell carcinomas (P < 0.001), while arborizing vessels (P < 0.001), blue-gray ovoid nests (P < 0.001), and ulceration (P < 0.05) were significantly associated with nonsuperficial basal cell carcinomas subtypes. The dermoscopic features of the high-risk and low-risk groups exhibited considerable overlap; however, the respective independent predictive factors for a high and low risk of basal cell carcinomas recurrence were short fine telangiectases (P < 0.05) and blue-gray ovoid nests (P < 0.05).Conclusion:Dermoscopy provides important information about basal cell carcinomas and is helpful in differentiating superficial basal cell carcinomas from other subtypes. The dermoscopic vascular structures and blue-gray ovoid nests play a crucial role in evaluating the basal cell carcinomas risks preoperatively.

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