简介:StudyontheThermalinternalBoundaryLayerandDispersionofAirPollutantinCoastalAreabyNumericalSimulation¥JiangWeimei(蒋维楣)andYuHong...
简介:Thispaperintegratesgeneticalgorithmandneuralnetworktechniquestobuildnewtemporalpredictinganalysistoolsforgeographicinformationsystem(GIS).ThesenewGIStoolscanbereadilyappliedinapracticalandappropriatemannerinspatialandtemporalresearchtopatchthegapsinGISdataminingandknowledgediscoveryfunctions.ThespecificachievementhereistheintegrationofrelatedartificialintelligenttechnologiesintoGISsoftwaretoestablishaconceptualspatialandtemporalanalysisframework.And,byusingthisframeworktodevelopanartificialintelligentspatialandtemporalinformationanalyst(ASIA)systemwhichthenisfullyutilizedintheexistingGISpackage.Thisstudyofairpollutantsforecastingprovidesageographicalpracticalcasetoprovetherationalizationandjustnessoftheconceptualtemporalanalysisframework.
简介:Forwaterandsoilconservationandwaterpollutioncontrol,itisveryimportanttosimulateandpredicttheloadofsedimentandpollutantduringstorm-runoff.Onthebasisofanalyzingthesimultaneousmeasurementsofflow,sedimentandpollutantsobservedatwatershedoutlet,apracticalsedimentyieldmodelisdevelopedbystandardizingtheloadrate.Theresultsshowthatthestandardizedpollutantyieldequalseffectiverainfallandtheprocessofeffectiveloadyieldisthesameaseffectiverainfallhyetograph.Comparisonwithmeasureddatashowthatthismodelisapplicabletovariouspollutants.
简介:Athree-dimensionalnumericalmodel,EFDC(environmentalfluiddynamicscode)isappliedtothePamlicoRiverEstuary(PRE)ineasternNorthCarolinaoftheUnitedStatestoexaminethewindimpactonpollutantagedistributionsandresidencetime.Aseriesofmodelexperimentsrepresentingbasecase,remote-wind-inducedwaterlevelset-upandlocalwindscasesareconducted.ModelresultsindicatethatthepollutantmeanageandthesystemresidencetimearefunctionsofgravitationalcirculationinthePRE.Thesystemresponsestoremote-wind-inducedwaterlevelset-uparedifferentindifferentportionsofthePRE.Undersuchcondition,dissolvedsubstancesintheupstreamportionofthePREhaveayoungerageandshorterresidencetime(comparedwiththebasecase),bycontrast,theyhaveaolderageandlongerresidencetimeinthedownstreamportionofthePRE.Upriveranddownriverlocalwindsappeartohaveoppositeimpactsonpollutantagedistributions.ThesubstancesareretainedmuchlongerwithinthePREunderupriverwindthanthoseunderdownriverwind.Themodelresultsalsosuggestthatacross-riverwindsmayleadtolongerresidencetimethroughenhancedturbulencemixing,whichslowsdownthegravitationalcirculationinthePRE.
简介:Dropshaftsareverticalstructureswidelyusedinurbandrainagesystemsandbuildingsforwatertransportation.Inthispaper,aphysicalmodelstudywasconductedtoinvestigatetheairentrainmentinthedropshaftundervariousflowregimeswithandwithoutairventilation.Observedfromtheexperiments,theairentrainmentmechanismsvariedwiththewaterflowregimesinthedropshaft.Whentherewasnowaterplugformedinthedropshaft,aircouldbesupplieddirectlyfromdownstream.Oncethewaterplugwasformed,whilewithoutventing,theairwasreplenishedonlyfromdownstreamintermittentlyandthenintheformoflargeairbubbletravelingupwardstotheairspaceatthetop;whilewithventing,airwasmainlyreplenishedfromthedropshafttopandnolargeairbubblewasobserved.Theexperimentalresultsalsoshowedthattheamountofentrainedairinthedropshaftwithventingwasgreaterthanthatwithoutventing.
简介:-Acombinednumericalmodelforcomputingmixingareasofpollutionverticaljetdischargingintotidalflowshasbeendeveloped.Thisnumericalmodeliscomposedofa2-Ddepth-averageddynamicfar-fieldnumericalmodelanda2-Dverticaldynamicnear-fieldnumericalmodel.Theformerusesfinitenodemethodtocomputevelocity,andimprovedfinitenodemethodtocomputepollutantconcentrationdistribution;thelatterisak-eturbulencemodel,andusesSIMPLE(Semi-ImplicitMethodforPressureLinkedEquations)methodtocomputevelocity.Atthesametime,theformerprovidesboundaryconditionsforthelatter.Thismodelcansimulatebothfar-fieldpollutantconcentrationdistributionandnear-fieldverticalrecirculationquicklyandprecisely.ThismodelhasbeenverifiedbymeasureddataofpollutantFoftheDachangreachoftheChangjingRiverandtestdatapresentedbyChenelal.(1992).Onthebasisofverification,theauthorsuseadesignedhydrographtocomputethismixingareaforacer
简介:WENXiangcaiisonthestaffofChinaNationalEnvironmentalMonitoringCenter.Herjobiscollectingandaggregatingdata,whichisgreatforher-she’sascientist.ButinrecentyearsWenfeelslikeshe’sturnedintosomethingofamediapersonality.Sheisaskedquestionsonavarietyoftopicswhensheattendsconferences,andsheisofteninterviewedbyjournalistsforherexpertopinion.AsenvironmentalconsciousnesshasgrowninChinaoverthepastfewyears,moreandmorepeoplewanttoknow
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简介:Inthispaper,theauthorusessuper-efficiencyDEAmodeltomeasurethenationalandregionalenergyefficiencyinChina;usingspatialeconometricmodelandfromtheperspectiveofgeo-spatialspillover,theauthorinterpretsthespatialcharacteristicsofenergyefficiencyandextractsthemainfactorsthatinfluencetheregionalenergyefficiency.Theanalysisresultsshowthat:(1)thenationalandregionalenergyefficiencyisconsistentwithinvertedU-shapedcurve,andthenationwideenergyefficiencygapisincreasing;(2)energyefficiencyhastheobviouseffectofthespatialexternaleffect,andwhenthegovernmentmakesenergysavingstrategies,inter-regionalenergycooperationandtheproliferationofadvancedproductiontechnologyshouldbegivenmorepriority;(3)energyefficiencyhassignificantnegativecorrelationwithgovernmentintervention,industrialstructure,ownershipstructure,theenergyconsumptionstructure,andresourceendowments,andhaspositivecorrelationwiththedegreeofopening-upandenergyprice.
简介:Opticalemissionspectroscopy(OES)wasappliedforplasmacharacterizationduringtheerosionofasphaltenesubstrates.Anamountof100mgofasphaltenewascarefullyappliedtoanelectrodeandexposedtoair-plasmaglowdischargeatapressureof1.0Torr.Theplasmawasgeneratedinastainlesssteeldischargechamberbyanacgeneratoratafrequencyof60Hz,outputpowerof50Wandagasflowrateof1.8L/min.Theelectrontemperatureandiondensitywereestimatedtobe2.15±0.11eVand(1.24±0.05)×1016m-3,respectively,usingadoubleLangmuirprobe.OESwasemployedtoobservetheemissionfromtheasphalteneexposedtoairplasma.BothmolecularbandemissionfromN2,N+2,OH,CH,NH,O2aswellasCN,andatomiclightemissionfromVandHγwereobservedandusedtomonitortheevolutionofasphalteneerosion.Theasphalteneerosionwasanalyzedwiththeaidofascanningelectronmicroscope(SEM)equippedwithanenergydispersiveX-ray(EDX)detector.TheEDXanalysisshowedthatthetimeevolutionofelementsC,O,SandVweresimilar;andthechemicalcompositionoftheexposedasphaltenesremainedconstant.Particlesizeevolutionwasmeasured,showingamaximumsizeof2307μmafter60min.Thisbehaviorismostlikelyrelatedtoparticleagglomerationasafunctionoftime.