简介：Inthispaper,theauthorusessuper-efficiencyDEAmodeltomeasurethenationalandregionalenergyefficiencyinChina;usingspatialeconometricmodelandfromtheperspectiveofgeo-spatialspillover,theauthorinterpretsthespatialcharacteristicsofenergyefficiencyandextractsthemainfactorsthatinfluencetheregionalenergyefficiency.Theanalysisresultsshowthat:(1)thenationalandregionalenergyefficiencyisconsistentwithinvertedU-shapedcurve,andthenationwideenergyefficiencygapisincreasing;(2)energyefficiencyhastheobviouseffectofthespatialexternaleffect,andwhenthegovernmentmakesenergysavingstrategies,inter-regionalenergycooperationandtheproliferationofadvancedproductiontechnologyshouldbegivenmorepriority;(3)energyefficiencyhassignificantnegativecorrelationwithgovernmentintervention,industrialstructure,ownershipstructure,theenergyconsumptionstructure,andresourceendowments,andhaspositivecorrelationwiththedegreeofopening-upandenergyprice.

简介：Therearenumerousstudiescomparingdifferentkindsofenvironmentaltaxesandstandards.However,formsofenvironmentalstandardsfocusedbyformerresearchersareusuallyquantitybasedlimits/standards(e.g.poundsperdayorpoundsperunitofoutput).Concentration-basedemissionstandard(e.g.milligramsperliterofwastewater)asoneimportantformofenvironmentalstandardhasnotbeengivenmuchattention.Inthisarticle,comparableestimatesoftheirprobableeffectonenterprisepollutionreductionwillbedevelopedforconcentrationbasedeffluentstandards,effluenttaxes,andacombinationofboth.Alinearsimulationmodelisusedtoclearlyandobviouslycomparetheeffectsofeffluenttaxesandconcentration-basedstandardswithinthesamefigure.Withonedetailedapplicationtothepaperindustry,someenlightenmentandconclusions-aswellasthegeneralapplicabilityoftheseprinciples-arethenprovided:Underthesameeffluenttaxrate,enterprises,groups,andindustriesthatarecleanerwillreducemorepollutantsthanthosethathavehigherpollutantabatementcosts.Itisrecommendedthateffluenttaxesaresetbyavoidingcuttingitevenatonestrokeandconsideringthefeasibilityofpollution-reducingtechnologyinvariousindustries.ItisnecessarytoreduceMACofenterprisestobetterstimulateenterprises’orindustries’emissionreductionbypreferentialmeasures,suchashightaxratecoordinatedbyspeedingupthedepreciationofenvironmentalprotectionequipment.

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简介：Alongwiththeprogressofurbanizationandenviron-mentaldeterioration,residents’desireforimprovedairqualityisincreasing.Inordertoquantifyanindividual’swillingness-to-pay(WTP)forimprovedairqualityinJinanofeasternChina,acontingentvaluationmethod(CVM)wasemployed.Asampleof1,500residentswaschosenonthebasisofmultistagesamplingmethodswithface-to-faceinterviewsbyusingaseriesofhypo-thetical,open-endedscenarioquestionswhichweredesignedtoelicittherespondents’WTP.Resultsshowedthat59.7%ofrespondentswereabletoexpresstheirWTPandthemeanWTPis100ChineseYuan(CNY)perpersonperyear.AprobitmodelontheprobabilityofapositiveWTPandaregressionmodelweredevelopedtofindtherelationshipbetweenendogenousvariablesandWTP.Mostparametersintheeconometricanalysishadtheexpectedsign.AnnualhouseholdincomeandexpenditureontreatingrespiratorydiseasessignificantlyinfluenceWTP.TheratesofpositiveWTPandthemonetaryamountarelargerformenthanforwomen.Resultsalsoshowedthatpeoplewholivedinmorepollutedareaswerewillingtopaymoreforcleanair.Unlikedevelopedcountries,cleanairmayonlybeconsideredasapublicgoodinChinainthatmorethan40%ofrespondentshadnoincen-tivetobearthecostsofattemptingtoachievebetterairquality,whichindicatestherelativelylowenvironmentalconsciousness.

简介：BasedonananalysisofmajorrecentsocialeventsinChina,suchasthe2008BeijingOlympicGames,2010ShanghaiWorldExpo,2014NanjingYouthOlympicGames,and2014BeijingAsiaPacificEconomicCooperationConference,mandatory,temporary,andindemnificatoryquantitativepoliciesaimedatprotectingairquality,whichwerecarriedoutbybothcentralandlocalgovernments,madesubstantialcontributionstochangesandimprovementsinairquality.Tosomeextent,thefindingsshowthatcommandandcontrolmeasuresplayasignificantroleinprotectingairquality,whilethelawandeconomicandvoluntaryenvironmentalsafeguardmeasuresdonotduringmajorsocialevents.Therefore,itremindsustheairqualitycouldandwillimprovenotonlyduringmajorsocialeventsbutalsointheregulardaysifweimplementappropriateenvironmentalpoliciesandsafeguardmeasures.