简介:为配合中国台湾"《海岸法》(草案)"的保护区及防护区的划设,中国台湾新竹县接受中国台湾"内政部营建署"的补助,委托中华大学调查新竹县海岸动物相的分布。这个地区的动物是由哺乳纲、鸟纲、两栖纲、爬行纲、蛛形纲、条鳍鱼纲、昆虫纲、软甲纲、颚足纲、双壳纲、腹足纲的动物分布形成。采用快速评估法,计算Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(歧异度指数)并进行分析,求得克利金法推估的套图共计24张,包括各纲及汇总后的动物多样性图,以夏、秋两季呈现。研究区中共有11纲、41目、127科、245种动物,其中以竹北原生林生物多样性最高,竹北原生林中共计有8纲、29目、86科、137种动物。
简介:对台湾关渡自然公园的湿地环境教育现状进行分析,总结出关渡自然公园环境教育方案发展的条件,重点介绍了该公园湿地环境教育方案的具体设计,分析其受众、内涵、主题等。关渡自然公园环境教育的受众主要包括政府机关人员、学校师生、亲子家庭、普通游客以及各类非政府组织。结合当地资源现状和目标人群,重新定义了环境教育的内涵——觉知、知识、环境伦理、活动技能和环境行动,设定了5个教育主题——何谓湿地、湿地生态、湿地功能、湿地与人、湿地威胁与保护,环境教育方案始终围绕这5个主题针对具体的受众人群进行设计。通过对台湾关渡自然公园湿地环境教育的研究,反思了当前中国其它地区湿地环境教育的不足,提出了未来的工作重点:环境教育内容应该多样化;教育方案要提高创新性和参与性;湿地环境教育要因材施教;积极拓宽资金来源渠道;鼓励志愿者参与环境教育。
简介:海岸阶地的形成通常是海准面变动、地壳变动或两者共同作用之结果.研究海阶不仅可印证推论古气候、往昔海准面变化及地壳变动状况,更可藉以了解各区域间变动的差异,全盘了解大地构造的意义,而且小规模的海阶变动,时常与地震活动伴生,因此,研究海阶更可作为判读地震周期的依据之一,所以,世界各地位于地壳活动带的国家对于海阶的型态与演育过程均作详细的调查及研究.本研究以淡水河以南至大安溪以北之海阶作为研究范围,发现台湾西北部位于观音山北部沿海、新竹山子顶沿海、客雅溪口南岸、后龙溪口南岸等4个地区,都有零星的海阶分布.经过阶地分布、地形特征与阶序对比,并利用世界海阶对比基图求出该地区的地壳隆升率与海阶可能形成的年代,藉以了解各区域间变动的差异.台湾西北部海岸地区的海阶大致上可划分为高位及低位2群阶:也,高位海阶分布的高度在15~275m之间,阶面覆盖着红壤层,为晚更新世时所造成;低位海阶分布的范围与高度较小,在海滩与高位阶地末端阶崖之间,沿着海岸成带状分布,阶面无红壤掩覆,海拔大多在10m以下.低位海阶构成的物质多以砾石及砂为主,属全新世海阶,即第四纪最后一次冰期结束后,近1万年以来全球高海水位时期所形成.利用海阶对比基图与已有的定年数据,辅以地形地貌及堆积物特征比较,获得各段阶地之平均隆升率,观音山北部沿海、客雅溪口南岸、后龙溪口南岸3个地区,经过比对,分别是2.1mm/a、2.2mm/a、2.15mm/a,数值相近,显示该区之地盘隆升率及海准面变动状况大致相同;仅新竹山子顶沿海地盘隆升率较小,为1.4mm/a.此表示,台湾岛的海阶变化不仅受到海准面变动的影响,尚受到区域性地壳隆升的控制.
简介:海岸阶地的形成是海平面变动、地壳变动或两者共同作用之结果.研究海阶不仅可印证推论古气候、往昔海平面变化及地壳变动状况,更可藉以了解各区域间变动的差异,全盘了解大地构造的意义,同时,小规模的海阶变动,常与地震活动伴生,研究海阶可作为判读地震周期的依据之一,所以,世界各地位于地壳活动带的国家对于海阶的形态与演育过程均作详细的调查及研究.位于台湾海峡北部两侧的台湾西北部以及马祖、金门等海岸地区,都有海阶的分布.透过阶地分布、地形特征与阶序对比,同时,利用世界海阶对比基图找出该地区的地壳隆升率与海阶可能形成的年代,并藉以了解各区域间变动的差异.前述地区的海阶大致上可分成高位与低位2群,高位海阶分布的高度在15~275m之间,上覆红壤层,为晚更新世时期产物;低位海阶分布的范围较小,高度较矮,大部分分布于海滩与高位阶地末端阶崖问,沿着海岸呈带状分布,阶面大多无红壤层覆盖,海拔在10m以下.组成的物质多以砾石及砂为主,属于全新世时期的产物,即近1万年以来全球高海水位时期(第四纪最后一次冰期结束后)所形成.利用海阶对比基图与已有的定年数据,辅以地形地貌及堆积物特征比较,获得各段阶地之平均隆升率,台湾西北部之观音山北部沿海、客雅溪口南岸、后龙溪口南岸3个地区,分别是2.1mm/a、2.2mm/a、2.15mm/a,数值相近,显示该区之地盘隆升率及海平面变动状况大致相同;仅新竹山子顶沿海地盘隆升率较小,为1.4mm/a.此表示,台湾岛的海阶变化不仅受到海平面变动的影响,尚受到区域性地壳隆升的控制.马祖与金门地区的隆升率则分别为1.6mm/a、1.3mm/a,由于该区仅受新华夏断裂构造的控制,因此,其活动的幅度相对而言较�
简介:利用树木年轮学基本原理和方法,研究了福建省戴云山台湾松(Pinustaiwanensis)径向生长模式以及与气候的相关关系,戴云山是台湾松在大陆分布的最南界。前人研究了区域树轮对气候变化的线性相关关系,本研究进一步计算了基面积年增量年表BAI年表,并基于人工神经网络模型研究了戴云山台湾松径向生长与气候的线性和非线性关系。模拟结果显示台湾松径向生长与温度和降水存在一定的非线性特征,其线性关系只在一定阈值内成立,比如降水在大约40~270mm之间呈现线性关系。台湾松BAI年表与气候因子相关分析表明,区域5—10月份平均温度引起的季节性干旱是台湾松径向生长的主要限制因子,其相关系数达-0.64。研究对于进一步理解戴云山地区台湾松生长对未来气候变化可能的非线性响应关系有重要意义。
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简介:Glacierinventorycompilationduringthepast20yearsandmodificationsofthatfortheEasternPamirandBanggongLakeindicatethatthereare46,342modernglacierswithatotalareaandvolumeof59415km2and5601km3respectivelyinChina.Theseglacierscanbeclassifiedintomaritimeandcontinental(includingsub-continentalandextremelycontinental)types.ResearchesshowthatglaciersinChinahavebeenretreatingsincetheLittleIceAgeandthemasswastagewasacceleratedduringthepast30to40years.BeinganimportantpartofglaciologicalstudiesinChina,icecoreclimaticandenvironmentalstudiesonTibetanPlateauandintheAntarcticahaveprovidedabundant,highresolutioninformationaboutpastclimaticandenvironmentalevolutionovertheTibetanPlateauandAntarctica.ExceptfordifferentparametersrecordedinicecoresrelatingtoclimateandenvironmentchangesonTibetanPlateau,recordsfromicecoresextractedfromdifferentglaciersshowthatthediscrepanciesinclimaticandenvironmentalchangesonthenorthandsouthpartsoftheplateaumaybetheconsequenceofdifferentinfluencingeffectsfromterrestrialandsolarsources.GlaciologicalandmeteorologicalphenomenaimplythatLambertGlaciervalleyisanimportantboundaryofclimateintheeastAntarctica,whichisthoughttobeconnectedwithcyclonicactivitiesandCircum-polarWavesovertheAntarctica.
简介:PermafrostinChinaincludeshighlatitudepermafrostinnortheasternChina,alpinepermafrostinnorthwesternChinaandhighplateaupermafrostontheTibetanPlateau.Thehighaltitudepermafrostisabout92%ofthetotalpermafrostareainChina.Thesouthboundaryorlowerlimitoftheseasonallyfrozengroundisdefinedinaccordancewiththe0℃isothermallineofmeanairtemperatureinJanuary,whichisroughlycorrespondingtothelineextendingfromtheQinlingMountainstotheHuaiheRiverintheeastandtothesoutheastboundaryoftheTibetanPlateauinthewest.SeasonalfrozengroundoccursinlargepartsoftheterritoryinnorthernChina,includingNortheast,North,NorthwestChinaandtheTibetanPlateauexceptforpermafrostregions,andaccountingforabout55%ofthelandareaofChina.Thesouthernlimitofshort-termfrozengroundgenerallyswingssouthandnorthalongthe25°northernlatitudeline,occurringinthewetandwarmsubtropicmonsoonclimaticzone.Itsareaislessthan20%ofthelandareaofChina.
简介:[1]BrownL,1995.WhoWillFeedChina:Wake-upCallforaSmallPlanet.TheWorldWatchEnvironmentalAlertSeries.NortonandCo.,NewYork,USA.[2]CaiYunlong,1990.Land.In:ZuoDakang(eds.),ADictionaryofModernGeography.Beijing:TheCommercialPress,ppl11.(inChinese)[3]CaoM,MaS,HanC,1995.Potentialproductivityandhumancarryingcapacityofanagro-ecosystem:ananalysisoffoodproductionpotentialofChina.AgriculturalSystems,47:387-414.[4]ChenLiding,WangJun,FuBojieetal.,2001.Land-usechangeinasmallcatchmentofnorthernLoessPlateau,China.Agriculture,Ecosystems&Environment,86(2):163-172.[5]DaiFC,LeeCF,ZhangXH,2003.GIS-basedgeo-environmentalevaluationforurbanland-useplanning:acasestudy.EngineeringGeology,61(4):257-271.[6]DingChengri,2003.LandpolicyreforminChina:assessmentandprospects.LandUsePolicy,20:109-120.[7]FuBojie,WangJun,ChenLidingetal.,2003a.TheeffectsoflanduseonsoilmoisturevariationintheDanangoucatchmentoftheLoessPlateau,China.Catena,54:197-213.[8]FuCongbin,2003b.Potentialimpactsofhuman-inducedlandcoverchangeonEastAsiamonsoon.GlobalandPlanetaryChange,37(3-4):219-229.[9]FischerG,SunLaixiang,2001.Modelbasedanalysisoffutureland-usedevelopmentinChina.Agriculture,Ecosystems&Environment,85(1-3):163-176.[10]GuoXiaomin,NiuDekuietal.,2000.TheexplorationofdevelopingfruitindustrymodewithsoilandwaterconservationinsouthJiangxiarea.ResearchofSoilandWaterConservation,7(3):187-218.(inChinese)[11]HeXiubin,LiZhanbin,HaoMingdeetal.,2003.Down-scaleanalysisforwaterscarcityinresponsetosoil-waterconservationonLoessPlateauofChina.Agriculture,EcosystemsandEnvironment,94:355-361.[12]HeiligGK,1999.CanChinafeeditself?Asystemforevaluationofpolicyoptions.ScienceforGlobalInsight,IIASA,Laxenburg(CD-ROMVers.1.1).[13]HuWei,1997.HouseholdlandtenurereforminChina:itsim
简介:Sandydesertificationislanddegradationcharacterizedbywinderosionmainlyresultedfromtheexcessivehumanactivitiesinarid,semiaridandpartofsub-humidregionsinnorthernChina.Theresearchonsandydesertificationhasexperiencedmorethan5decadesofarduouscourseofthestrugglealongwiththeestablishmentanddevelopmentofChina′sdesertscience.Researchesinthisfieldhavemadeagreatcontributiontothenationaleconomicconstruction,andenvironmentalprotection.Thispaperfocusesonpresentingthemajorprogressandachievementsinthesandydesertificationresearchduringthelast50years,includingthestagesofstudyonsandydesertification,backgroundenvironmentofsandydesertificationanditschanges,theconception,causes,process,monitoringandassessmentofsandydesertification,thevegetationsuccession,landscapeecology,plantphysiology,impactsonecosystem,high-effectiveuseofwaterandlandresourcesandsustainabledevelopmentinsandydesertifiedregions,sandydesertificationcontrolmodelsandtechniquesetc.
简介:人类对自然界的认识过程总是由浅入深循序渐进的。回顾过去,中国黄土成因经历了从“水成”到“风成”这样一个曲折的认识过程。通过分析黄土成因争论的历程,得到如下启示:1)过去的黄土成因争论源于人们不认识黄土层中的古土壤,因此识别地层中古土壤对重建古地理环境具有重大意义。2)水平层状地层并非都是水平沉积层理,也有可能是古土壤发生层次,具有水平层理的沉积地层则可能意味着在水中沉积形成,而古土壤层则是在地表环境形成。3)古土壤层的特点是古土壤层具有土壤发生层次,因此各层次之间一般呈现为渐变特征。而沉积地层通常具有明显的顶部和底部,显示着截然变化。4)在总结新生代古土壤特点的基础上,重新认识更老地层的古地理环境,发挥古土壤在研究地层成因、重建古气候等方面的作用。
简介:AstochasticmodelfordailyprecipitationsimulationinChinawasdevelopedbasedontheframeworkofa′Richardson-type′weathergeneratorthatisanimportanttoolinstudyingimpactsofweather/climateonavarietyofsystemsincludingecosystemandriskassessment.ThepurposeofthisworkistodevelopaweathergeneratorforapplicationsinChina.Thefocusisonprecipitationsimulationsincedeterminationofotherweathervariablessuchastemperatureisdependentonprecipitationsimulation.AframeworkoffirstorderMarkovChainwithGammaDistributionfordailyprecipitationisadoptedinthiswork.Basedonthisframework,fourparametersofprecipitationsimulationforeachmonthat672stationsalloverChinaweredeterminedusingdailyprecipitationdatafrom1961to2000.Comparedwithpreviousworks,ourestimationfortheparameterswasmadeformorestationsandlongerobservations,whichmakestheweathergeneratormoreapplicableandreliable.Spatialdistributionsofthefourparametersareanalyzedinaregionalclimatecontext.Theseasonalvariationsoftheseparametersatfivestationsrepresentingregionaldifferencesarediscussed.Basedontheestimatedmonthlyparametersat672stations,dailyprecipitationsforanyperiodcanbesimulated.A30-yearsimulationwasmadeandcomparedwithobservationsduring1971-2000intermsofannualandmonthlystatistics.Theresultsaresatisfactory,whichdemonstratestheusefulnessoftheweathergenerator.