简介：FewerthanonemillionHIVinfectedindividualsarecurrentlyreceivinganti-retroviraltherapy.ThelimitationsofsuchtreatmenthaveunderscoredtheneedtodevelopmoreeffectivestrategiestocontrolthespreadandpathogenesisofHIV.Typically,naturallyoccurringprotectiveimmuneresponsesprovidetheparadigmforsuchdevelopment.ItisnowclearhoweverthatHIVcanutilisethemillieuofanactivatedimmunesystemtoitsownreplicativeadvantage.Mobilisationoftheimmuneresponse,intendedtothwartofHIVcontributestolackofimmunecontrolandthedevelopmentofprogressivediseaseinthemajorityofinfected,untreatedindividuals.FurtherdelineationoftheintimateinteractionsbetweentheHIVandtheimmunesystemwillbecriticalandrecentadvancesinthisdirectionarediscussed.

简介：核是在原子核的最突出的分隔空间并且在eucaryotes为核糖体生物的续生说作为这个地点知道。相反，为在procaryotes的核糖体合成没有如此的相等的结构。这提起二颗担心怎么核演变并且那核是否留下沿着进化在核糖体生物的续生说起一个单个作用。新核函数，包括的信号识别粒子汇编，小RNA修正，telomerase成熟，房间周期和老化控制的增加的数据支持，和房间压力传感器。核的多重功能可能源于核仁的蛋白质的plurifunctionality，例如nucleolin和Nopp140。人和Arabidopsis核的Proteomic分析在理解进化和nucleoli的新功能带显著进步。在这评论，我们在场核研究和新概念和未解决的问题的简短历史。另外，我们为学习在核和另外的潜水艇之间的通讯介绍肝炎D病毒为在发展和epistatic的核的角色的原子分隔空间，和Caenorhabditiselegansnucleologenesis控制。

简介：PML基因涉及t(15；17)尖锐promyelocytic白血球过多症(APL)的translocation，它产生oncogenic熔化蛋白质PML(promyelocytic白血球过多症蛋白质)-retinoic酸受体高山哈。PML蛋白质本地化称为PML原子领域(PML-ND)的原子结构到一个代用品，哪个PML是必要结构的部件。在APL，PML-NDs被破坏，因此含有在这白血球过多症的致病的这些结构。出人意料地，最近的研究显示PML和PML-ND玩一个瘤在除了APL的人的瘤的几种不同类型的镇压角色。因为PML在多重细胞的小径的极端通用性和参与，理解位于它的功能下面的机制，并且因此在瘤抑制的角色，是一项挑战性的任务。在这评论，我们试图非常在这个领域里估价更最近的进展并且建议调查的新大街。

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简介：Seventy-fivepreviouslyknownplantmicroRNAs(miRNAs)wereclassifiedinto14familiesaccordingtotheirgenesequenceidentity.Atotalof18,694plantexpressedsequencetags(EST)werefoundintheGenBankESTdatabasesbycomparingallpreviouslyknownArabidopsismiRNAstoGenBank'splantESTdatabaseswithBLASTalgorithms.AfterremovingtheESTsequenceswithhighnumbers(morethan2)ofmismatchednucleotides,atotalof812ESTcontigswereidentified.AfterpredictingandscoringtheRNAsecondarystructureofthe812ESTsequencesusingmFoldsoftware,338newpotentialmiRNAswereidentifiedin60plantspecies,miRNAsarewidespread.SomemicroRNAsmayhighlyconserveintheplantkingdom,andtheymayhavethesameancestorinveryearlyevolution.ThereisnonucleotidesubstitutioninmostmiRNAsamongmanyplantspecies.SomeofthenewidentifiedpotentialmiRNAsmaybeinducedandregulatedbyenvironmentalbioticandabioticstresses.Somemaybepreferentiallyexpressedinspecifictissues,andareregulatedbydevelopmentalswitching.ThesefindingssuggestthatESTanalysisisagoodalternativestrategyforidentifyingnewmiRNAcandidates,theirtargets,andothergenes.AlargenumberofmiRNAsexistindifferentplantspeciesandplayimportantrolesinplantdevelopmentalswitchingandplantresponsestoenvironmentalabioticandbioticstressesaswellassignaltransduction.EnvironmentalstressesanddevelopmentalswitchingmaybethesignalsforsynthesisandregulationofmiRNAsinplants.AmodelformiRNAinductionandexpression,andgeneregulationbymiRNAishypothesized.

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简介：CellResearchispleasedtoannouncethatDrDangshengLihasbeenappointedasthenewDeputyEditor-in-chiefforourjournal,startingMarch2006.DangshengreceivedhisBSdegree(inCellBiology)fromtheUniversityofScienceandTechnologyofChina,andobtainedhisPhD(inMolecularBiology)fromCornellUniversityGraduateSchoolofMedicalSciences.AfterextensivepostdoctoraltrainingatNewYorkUniversityMedicalCenter,hejoinedCellPressin2004toserveasanAssociateEditorforthepremiumbiologyjournalCell.DangshengwillbeinchargeofthescientificeditingoperationsofCellRe-

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