简介：Withthedevelopmentofgenomesequencingformanyorganisms,moreandmorerawsequencesneedtobeannotated.Genepredictionbycomputationalmethodsforfindingthelocationofproteincodingregionsisoneoftheessentialissuesinbioinformatics.Twoclassesofmethodsaregenerallyadopted:similaritybasedsearchesandabinitioprediction.Here,wereviewthedevelopmentofgenepredictionmethods,summarizethemeasuresforevaluatingpredictorquality,highlightopenproblemsinthisarea,anddiscussfutureresearchdirections.

简介：人中穴又称水沟穴，位于鼻子下面的鼻唇沟正中及上1／3与中1／3的交界处，为中医“醒脑开窍”的重要穴位。针刺或用指甲刺激该穴位。可治疗中暑、中风、昏迷、晕厥、一氧化碳中毒以及全身麻醉过程中出现的呼吸停止、低血压、急性腰扭伤疼痛等急性病症。

简介：不同变化(替换)与微妙的还重要的差别当模特儿的为估计在编码蛋白质的序列之中的率采用的同义、非同义的替换的方法，它导致进化信息的不同估计。自从在指向的数据集以内的顺序变化的数量总是是无法预言的，很少注意都没为获得可靠估计被奉献给方法的比较。到我们的知识，几乎没有在关于这些不同方法的评估的文学可得到的很少信息。在这研究，我们比较了六个广泛地使用的方法并且用模仿的序列向结果提供了评估。结果显示那合并顺序特征(例如transition/transversion，偏爱和nucleotide/codon频率偏导)进方法能产出更好的性能。我们建议结论与有关或源于Ka，K分析不应该乐意地从一个方法仅仅根据结果被拉。

简介：

简介：Poly(vinylalcohol)(PVA)/hydroxyapatite(HA)compositehydrogelspecimenswerepreparedwith15%PVAand1%,2%,3%,4%and5%HAbyrepeatedfreezing-thawing.ThetestsofstaticanddynamicmechanicalpropertieswerecarriedouttodiscusstheinfluenceofdifferentcontentsofHAandfreezing-thawingcyclesonthemechanicalpropertiesofPVA/HAcompositehydrogel.TheresultsofstaticmechanicaltestsshowedthatthePVA/HAcompositehydrogelwith3%HAandninefreezing-thawingcycleshadexcellentstressrelaxationproperties,higherrelaxationratio,lowerstressequilibriumvalueandpresentedbetterpropertiesofcreepandrecovery.TheresultsofdynamicmechanicaltestshowedthatthePVA/HAcompositehydrogelwithninefreezing-thawingcycleshadhigherstoragemodulusandlossmodulus,sowasthePVA/HAcompositehydrogelwith3%HA.

简介：TheobjectiveofthisstudyistoexploreapotentiallyeffectivetrainingmethodforthehospitalprofessionalstoeducatedrugusersandtoenhancetheirknowledgeofHIVinfection.Onehundredandsixtyonesubjects,whocamefrom13differentprovincesandwereadmittedinadrugreliefhospitalinBeijing,wererecruitedforthisstudy.Theaverageageofthesesubjectswas35.21±6.24yearold.Theaveragenumbersofyearsfordrugaddictionwere7years,andtheaveragenumbersofdrugrelieftreatmentreceivedinthepastwas5.5times.ThelevelofAIDSknowledgeofthesesubjects,includingpathogenicfactors,sourceofinfection,routeoftransmissionandpreventivemeasures,wereevaluatedbeforeandafterreceivingtheAIDSeducationaltrainingtothesedrugusers.Ourresultsshowedthattherewasastatisticallysignificantincrease(P＜0.01)intheknowledgeofHIVinfectionandpreventionamongthesesubjects.PositiveattitudeandbehavioraltendenciestowardHIVpreventionwerealsoimproved.Therefore,itisimperativeforthemedicalprofessionalstoincorporateAIDSeducationintodrugrelieftreatmenttoachievethemaximumeffectontheknowledgeofAIDSandimprovementofpositiveattitudesandbehaviorstowardHIVpreventionamongdrugusers.

简介：Wehavepreviouslydevelopedacombinedsignal/variancedistributionmodelthataccountsfortheparticularstatisticalpropertiesofdatasetsgeneratedontheAp-pliedBiosystemsAB1700transcriptomesystem.Hereweshowthatthismodelcanbeefficientlyusedtogeneratesyntheticdatasetswithstatisticalpropertiesvirtu-allyidenticaltothoseoftheactualdatabyaidoftheJAVAapplicationace.mapcreator1.0thatwehavedeveloped.ThefundamentallydifferentstructureofAB1700transcriptomeprofilesrequiresre-evaluation,adaptation,orevenrede-velopmentofmanyofthestandardmicroarrayanalysismethodsinordertoavoidmisinterpretationofthedataontheonehand,andtodrawfullbenefitfromtheirincreasedspecificityandsensitivityontheotherhand.Ourcompositedatamodelandtheace.mapcreator1.0applicationtherebynotonlypresentproofofthecor-rectnessofourparameterestimation,butalsoprovideatoolforthegenerationofsynthetictestdatathatwillbeusefulforfurtherdevelopmentandtestingofanalysismethods.

简介：Wepresentanintegratedstand-alonesoftwarepackagenamedKaKs_Calculator2.0asanupdatedversion.Itincorporates17methodsforthecalculationofnonsynonymousandsynonymoussubstitutionrates;amongthem,weaddedourmodifiedversionsofseveralwidelyusedmethodsasthegammaseriesincludingγ-NG,γ-LWL,γ-MLWL,γ-LPB,γ-MLPB,γ-YNandγ-MYN,whichhavebeendemonstratedtoperformbetterundercertainconditionsthantheiroriginalformsandarenotimplementedinthepreviousversion.Thepackageisreadilyusedfortheidentificationofpositivelyselectedsitesbasedonaslidingwindowacrossthesequencesofinterestsin5'to3'directionofprotein-codingsequences,andhaveimprovedtheoverallperformanceonsequenceanalysisforevolutionstudies.Atoolbox,includingC++andJavasourcecodeandexecutablefilesonbothWindowsandLinuxplatformstogetherwithauserinstruction,isdownloadablefromthewebsiteforacademicpurposeathttps://sourceforge.net/projects/kakscalculator2/.

简介：Wedescribeafewmathematicaltoolswhichallowtoinvestigatewhetherair-waterinterfacesexist(underprescribedconditions)andaremechanicallystableandtemporallypersistent.Intermsofphysics,air-waterinterfacesaregovernedbytheYoung-Laplaceequation.Mathematicallytheyaresurfacesofconstantmeancurvaturewhichrepresentsolutionsofanonlinearellipticpartialdifferentialequation.Althoughexplicitsolutionsofthisequationcanbeobtainedonlyinveryspecialcases,itis-undermoderatelyspecialcircumstances-possibletoestablishtheexistenceofasolutionwithoutactuallysolvingthedifferentialequation.Wealsoderivecriteriaformechanicalstabilityandtemporalpersistenceofanairlayer.Furthermorewecalculatethelifetimeofanon-persistentairlayer.Finally,weapplythesetoolstotwoexampleswhichexhibitthesymmetriesof2Dlattices.TheseexamplescanbeviewedasabstractionsofthebiologicalmodelrepresentedbytheaquaticfernSalvinia.

简介：

简介：CT120,anovelmembrane-associatedgeneimplicatedinlungcarcinogenesis,waspreviouslyidentifiedfromchromosome17pl3.3locus,ahotmutationspotinvolvedinhumanmalignancies.Inthepresentstudy,wefurtherdeterminedthatCT120ectopicexpressioncouldpromotecellproliferationactivityofNIH3T3cellsusingMTSassay,andmonitoredthedownstreameffectsofCT120inNIH3T3cellswithAtlasmousecDNAexpressionarrays.Among588knowngenes,133geneswerefoundtobeupregulatedordownregulatedbyCT120.Twomajorsignalingpathwaysinvolvedincellproliferation,cellsurvivalandanti-apoptosiswereoverexpressedandactivatedinresponsetoCT120:OneistheRaf/MEK/ErksignalcascadesandtheotheristhePI3K/Aktsignalcascades,suggestingthatCT120mightcontribute,atleastinpart,totheconstitutivelyactivationofErkandAktinhumanlungcanercells.Inaddition,sometumormetastasisassociatedgenescathepsinB,cathepsinD,cathepsinL,MMP-2/TIMP-2werealsoupregulatedbyCT120,uponwhichCT120mightbeinvolvedintumorinvasivenessandmetastasis.Inaddition,CT120mightplayanimportantroleintumorprogressionthroughmodulatingtheexpressionofsomecandidate“LungTumorProgression”genesincludingB-Raf,Rab-2,BAX,BAG-1,YB-1,andCdc42.

简介：目的研究猴免疫缺陷病毒SIVmac251在中国恒河猴感染传代过程中产生的可能的神经侵袭性和神经嗜性及其分子机制。方法从静脉感染SIVmac251-155p6N的8只实验猴中出现严重神经症状的1只猴中,监测病毒及免疫指标变化,观察临床症状、猴脑组织病变,单拷贝PCR扩增病毒gp120序列并分析变异及糖基化位点变化情况。结果感染猴晚期出现明显艾滋病脑病症状,病理切片显示脑组织出现多核巨细胞及神经元变性、坏死。脑基底节分离出单一序列病毒,其氨基酸序列与血浆病毒及感染毒株SIVmac251-155p6序列差异主要位于Gp120的V1和V4区,并且在C1区66位出现一个糖基化位点缺失。结论SIVmac251在猴体长期传代过程中表现出神经嗜性毒株的特征,对AIDS脑病研究具有重要意义。